Smoking, nutritional status and dietary habits in the adult population of a city in São Paulo state - Brazil

Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE With the purpose to estimate smoking prevalence and identify its relationship with schooling, age, BMI, dietary habits and lifestyle, 1,410 adults (544 males and 866 females) were interviewed by telephone and by using a previously tested methodology (SIMTEL). The majority of adults reported to never have smoked; current smokers were 21.8% and former smokers 22.6%. No association was observed between age and smoking. Direct association was found between smoking and sedentariness, excessive use of alcoholic drinks and absence of milk consumption in males. Inverse association with schooling (in males and females) and with frequency (lower) of fruit, and vegetable consumption in females was observed. A tendency to reduction in the frequency of smokers was observed for males and females as schooling and BMI increased. It is noteworthy that the proportion of individuals who reported to perform physical activity three or more times a week was higher among former smokers than among individuals who had never smoked for both males and females. Smokers formed a priority group for multiprofessional actions that include, in addition to the objective of smoking cessation, actions targeted at dietary education and fighting against smoking. <br /

Tabagismo, estado nutricional e hábitos alimentares em população adulta de um município paulista

With the purpose to estimate smoking prevalence and identify its relationship with schooling, age, BMI, dietary habits and lifestyle, 1,410 adults (544 males and 866 females) were interviewed by telephone and by using a previously tested methodology (SIMTEL) The majority of adults reported to never have smoked; current smokers were 21.8% and former smokers 22.6%. No association was observed between age and smoking. Direct association was found between smoking and sedentariness, excessive use of alcoholic drinks and absence of milk consumption in males. Inverse association with schooling (in males and females) and with frequency (lower) of fruit, and vegetable consumption in females was observed. A tendency to reduction in the frequency of smokers was observed for males and females as schooling and BMI increased. It is noteworthy that the proportion of individuals who reported to perform physical activity three or more times a week was higher among former smokers than among individuals who had never smoked for both males and females. Smokers formed a priority group for multiprofessional actions that include, in addition to the objective of smoking cessation, actions targeted at dietary education and fighting against smoking.Con el objetvo de estudiar el predomino del tabagismo e identificar su relación con grado de escolaridad, edad, IMC, hábito alimentício y estilo de vida, fueron entrevistados, a través de línea telefônica, 1410 adultos ( 544 hombres y 866 mujeres), fue utilizada la metodologia SIMTEL, previamente testada. La mayoría de los adultos declaró nunca haber fumado, los fumantes actuales eran 21.8% y los exfumantes eran 22,6%. No fue relacionado edad y tabagismo. Fue observada la relación directa entre tabagismo y vida sedentária, consumo de alcohol em exceso y la ausência de hábito de beber leche, em los hombres, y la relación inversa com respecto a escolaridad (em ambos sexos) y com frecuencia (menor) el consumo de frutas y legumbres, dentro del grupo de las mujeres. Se constató la tendência a la disminución de fumantes de ambos sexos de acuerdo al aumento de la escolaridad. Llamó la atención el dato que mostraba que la proporción de los que declararon que practicaban actividades físicas tres o más días por semana, era mayor entre los exfumantes que entre los que nunca fumaron, esto refiendose a ambos sexos.. Los fumantes forman grupos prioritários para acciones multiprofesionales que incluyen más allá del objetivo de parar de fumar, como también acciones de educación alimentícias y combate al sedentarismo.Com o objetivo de estimar a taxa de prevalência de tabagismo e identificar sua relação com a escolaridade, idade, IMC, hábito alimentar e estilo de vida, foram entrevistados, por meio telefônico, 1410 adultos (544 homens e 866 mulheres), utilizando uma metodologia previamente testada (SIMTEL). Dessa população entrevistada, a maioria dos adultos referiu nunca ter fumado, fumantes atuais eram 21.8% e ex-fumantes, 22.6%. Não houve associação entre a idade e o tabagismo. Observou-se a associação direta entre o tabagismo e o sedentarismo, o consumo excessivo de bebida alcoólica e a ausência do hábito de tomar leite, em homens, e a associação inversa com a escolaridade (em ambos os sexos) e com frequência (menor) de consumo de frutas e legumes, em mulheres. Verificou-se, também, uma tendência de, com o aumento da escolaridade e com o maior IMC, a redução da frequência de fumantes, para ambos os sexos. Chamou à atenção a proporção de pessoas que referiu fazer atividade física três ou mais dias na semana, maior nos ex-fumantes do que em indivíduos que nunca fumaram, em ambos os sexos. Fumantes formam grupo prioritário para ações multiprofissionais que incluam, além do objetivo de cessação do tabagismo, ações de educação alimentar e combate ao sedentarismo

Smoking associated with other behavioral risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases

Foram entrevistados via ligação telefônica 1.410 indivíduos, amostra aleatória e representativa da população acima de 18 anos residente em domicílios conectados à rede de telefonia fixa. A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 21,8%, maior em homens (25%) e em indivíduos na faixa entre 18 e 29 anos. Tabagismo e sedentarismo juntos ocorrem em 13,9% dos homens e 14,2% das mulheres; tabagismo e baixo consumo de frutas em 12,9% dos homens e 12,3% das mulheres; e tabagismo e baixo consumo de legumes em 5,8% dos homens e 5,1% das mulheres. A associação de tabagismo e consumo excessivo de álcool foi observada apenas nos homens (em 3,5% deles) e, da mesma forma que verificada para tabagismo isoladamente, sua ocorrência concomitante a outros fatores comportamentais de risco de doenças e agravos crônicos não transmissíveis (DANT) associou-se inversamente à escolaridade. Os dados apontam indícios de efeito de aglomeração entre tabagismo e sedentarismo, tabagismo e álcool em excesso, tabagismo e dieta inadequada, justificando intervenções focadas na prevenção e redução concomitante dos principais fatores comportamentais de risco de DANT.The study interviewed 1,410 adults by telephone. Respondents comprised a random sample and represented the population over 18 years of age living in households with landline telephone services. Smoking prevalence was 21.8%, higher in males (25%) and in the 18-29 year bracket. Smoking and sedentary lifestyle occurred together in 13.9% of males and 14.2% of females; smoking and low fruit consumption in 12.9% of males and 12.3% of females; and smoking and low vegetable consumption in 5.8% of males and 5.1% of females. An association between smoking and excessive alcohol intake was only observed in males (3.5%). As observed for smoking alone, the simultaneous occurrence of smoking and other behavioral risk factors for CNCD was inversely associated with schooling. Evidence of clustering between smoking and sedentary lifestyle, smoking and excessive alcohol intake, and smoking and improper diet thus calls for interventions focused on prevention and the concomitant reduction of major behavioral risk factors

Protein-energy malnutrition as a consequence of the hospitalization of gastroenterologic patients

The effects of the clinical and dietetics in patient managements on the protein-energy status of hospitalized patients were retrospectively (four yr) investigated in 243 adult (49 +/- 16 yr), male (168) and female (75) patients suffering from chronic liver diseases (42%), intestinal diseases with diarrhea (14%), digestive cancers (11%), chronic pancreatitis (10%), stomach and duodenum diseases (7%), acute pancreatitis (7%), primary protein-energy malnutrition (3%), esophagus diseases (3%), intestinal diseases with constipation 14 (2%) and chronic alcoholism (2%). The protein-energy nutritional status assessed by combinations of anthropometric and blood parameters showed 75% of protein energy malnutrition at the hospital entry mostly (4/5) in severe and moderate grades. The overall average of hospitalization was 20 +/- 15 days being the shortest (13 +/- 5,7 days) for esophagus diseases and the longest (28 +/- 21 days) for the intestinal diseases with diarrhea patients which also received mostly (42%) of the enteral and/or parenteral feedings followed by acute pacreatitis (41%) and digestive cancers (31%) patients. When compared to the entry the protein-energy malnutrition rate at the discharge decreased only 5% despite the increasing of 30% found on the protein-energy intake. The main improvement of the protein-energy nutritional status were attained to those patients showing protein-energy malnutrition milder degrees at the entry which belonged mostly to primary protein-energy malnutrition, acute pancreatitis and intestinal diseases with diarrhea diseases. The later two groups showed protein-energy nutritional status improvement only after the second week of hospitalization. The digestive cancers patients had their protein-energy nutritional status worsened throughout the hospitalization whereas it happened only in the first week for the intestinal diseases with diarrhea and chronic liver diseases patients, improving thereafter up to the discharge. The protein-energy nutritional status improvement found in few patients could be attributed to some complementary factors such as theirs mild degree of protein-energy malnutrition at entry and/or non-invasive propedeutics and/or enteral-parenteral feddings and/or longer hospitalization staying. The institutional causes for the unexpected lack of nutritional responses by the patients were probably the high demand for the few available beds which favour the hospitalization of the most severed patients and the university-teaching pressure for the high rotation of the available beds. Both often resulting in early discharging. In persisting the current physical area and attendance demand one could suggest an aggressive support early at the entry preceding and/or accompanying the more invasive propedeutical procedures

Application of Dietary Reference Intakes in dietary intake assessment of female university healthcare students in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil

University students are usually in their late adolescence and early adult life and this is a moment in life when social changes occur and new eating patterns and habits tend to become established. Then, the energy and micronutrient intake of 112 healthcare students from a public university in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, was evaluated by applying a nonconsecutive 3-day dietary record. The energy intake was compared to the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER), and the mean micronutrient intake was compared to the (Estimated Average Requirement) EAR value. To evaluate the prevalence of inadequacy, the ISU (Iowa State University) method was used, and prevalence was calculated by the PC-Side software. It was possible to observe that energy intake was adequate and statistically similar to the recommendation for the population, according to age and gender. High intake inadequacy percentages were found for vitamin E (97.74%), zinc (38%) and thiamine (30%). For vitamins B6, B12 and A, lower inadequacy values were found (27%, 18%, 14.79%, respectively). The results showed an unbalanced dietary quality of most healthcare students, which raises concerns, since they should value a healthy diet and act as real multipliers of such information in society.Estudiantes universitarios se encuentran generalmente entre el fi n de la adolescencia y el inicio de la vida adulta, momento de cambios sociales, de hábitos alimentares con adquisición de nuevos modelos. Debido a esto, fue evaluada la energía y la ingestión de micronutrientes de 112 estudiantes de salud de una universidad pública en São Paulo, Brasil, utilizando un registro de la dieta de 3 días. La ingesta de energía se comparó con las Estimated Energy Requirement (EER), y la ingesta promedio de micronutrientes en comparación con las Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). Para evaluar la prevalencia de insuficiencia, fue utilizado el método ISU (Iowa State University) y la prevalencia fue calculada por el software PC-Side. Fue posible observar que el consumo de energía es adecuada y estadísticamente similar a la recomendación para la población. Altas porcentajes de insufi ciencia de consumo se encontraron para vitamina E (97,74%), zinc (38%) y tiamina (30%). Para las vitaminas B6, B12 y A, se encontraron valores más bajos (27%, 18%, 14,79%, respectivamente). Los resultados mostraron un desequilibrio en la dieta de la mayoría de los estudiantes de salud, lo cual es preocupante, puesto que deben conocer el valor de una dieta saludable y actuar como verdaderos multiplicadores de dicha información.Estudantes universitários encontram-se geralmente no fi nal da adolescência e início da vida adulta, momento na vida em que ocorrem mudanças sociais e novos padrões e hábitos alimentares tendem a se estabelecer. Assim, o consumo de energia e de micronutrientes de 112 estudantes de saúde de uma universidade pública no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foi avaliado através de um registro alimentar de 3 dias não-consecutivos. O consumo de energia foi comparado ao Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) e a ingestão média de micronutrientes foi comparada ao valor de Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). Para avaliar a prevalência de inadequação, o método ISU (Iowa State University) foi utilizado, e a prevalência de inadequação de consumo foi calculada pelo software PC-Side. Foi possível observar que o consumo de energia foi adequado e estatisticamente semelhante à recomendação para a população, de acordo com idade e sexo. Altas porcentagens de consumo inadequado foram encontradas para vitamina E (97,74%), zinco (38%) e tiamina (30%). Para as vitaminas B6, B12 e A, menores valores foram encontrados (27%, 18%, 14,79%, respectivamente). Os resultados mostraram um desequilíbrio na qualidade da alimentação da maioria dos estudantes de saúde, o que é preocupante, uma vez que estes deveriam valorizar a alimentação saudável e atuar como verdadeiros multiplicadores dessas informações na sociedade

Between the strengthening and the decline of the bond volunteer-disabled elderly person in a day-care center

Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que utiliza, como referencial teórico, o Interacionismo Simbólico e, como referencial metodológico, a Grounded Theory, visando a: compreender a experiência interacional voluntário-idoso dependente em um Centro-Dia e elaborar um modelo teórico representativo dessa experiência. A estratégia para a obtenção dos dados foi a entrevista não diretiva. Dos resultados, emergiram dois fenômenos: responsabilizando-se pela continuidade do exercício do voluntariado, junto a idosos dependentes, amparado na expectativa reparadora de ex-cuidadores familiares perante uma sociedade com consciência solidária em declínio, e assumindo o papel de voluntário. A experiência nos permitiu ampliar o conhecimento referente ao movimento que eles empreenderam na vivência denominada: entre o fortalecimento e o declínio do vínculo voluntário-idoso dependente em um centro-dia mediado por (des) motivação.Este es un estudio cualitativo que utilizó como referencial teórico el Interaccionismo Simbólico y como referencial metodológico la Grounded Theory, con la intención de: comprender la experiencia interaccional voluntario-anciano dependiente en un Centro-Día y elaborar un modelo teórico representativo de esa experiencia. La estrategia para la obtención de los datos fue la entrevista no directiva. de los resultados, emergieron dos fenómenos: responsabilizándose por la continuidad del ejercicio del voluntariado con ancianos dependientes, amparado en la expectativa reparadora de ex-cuidadores familiares, ante una sociedad con conCiência solidaria en declinación y asumiendo el rol de voluntario. La comprensión de la experiencia nos ha permitido ampliar el conocimiento, referente al movimiento que ellos emprendieron en la vivencia denominada: entre el fortalecimiento y la declinación del vínculo voluntario-anciano dependiente en un centro-día, mediado por (des)motivación.This is a qualitative study using Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical framework and the Grounded Theory as a methodological background. It aimed at understanding the volunteer-disabled elderly person interaction at a Day-Care Center and at designing a representative theoretical model for such experience. Data were collected by non-directive interviews. Two phenomena emerged from data analysis: becoming responsible for the continuity of volunteer work with disabled elderly persons supported by the healing expectation of former family caregivers in a society with a declining solidary conscience and assuming the volunteer role. Understanding the experience enbaled us to expand the knowledge concerning the movement undertaken in the experience denominated: between strengthening and the decline of the bond volunteerdisabled elderly person in a day-care hospital, mediated by (de) motivation