Intelligence is an illusion: First impressions of intelligence are probably wrong

People judge each other’s intelligence all the time for a variety of reasons such as choosing a lab partner or at a job interview, but how accurate are these judgments? This study assesses the accuracy with which individuals can judge the intelligence of another after a 5-minute face-to-face interaction. One hundred and sixty-one Oregon State University undergraduate students each rated six other group members’ intelligence on a 1-72 scale after meeting for the first time. Later, they were administered three different intelligence tests: Raven’s Progressive Matrices, OTIS and a vocabulary test, which provides the study with good criteria for measuring intelligence as it utilizes multiple tests yet measures the same realm of intelligence. Contrary to expectations, there was little evidence (r=.12, p>.10) to support the contention that first impressions of intelligence are accurate; at least not in social situations. Implications of this study indicate that hasty judgments of intelligence can be misleading in situations that involve meeting multiple people at one time such as choosing study partners, committee members or at job interviews. Future studies should investigate whether longer interactions enable more accurate judgments of intelligence and whether other factors like social context and interaction motivations (e.g. job interview) matter

Perceptions of rapport across the life span : gaze patterns and judgment accuracy

Although age-related deficits in emotion perception have been established using photographs of individuals, the extension of these findings to dynamic displays and dyads is just beginning. Similarly, most eye-tracking research in the person perception literature, including those that study age differences, have focused on individual attributes gleaned from static images; no previous research has considered cue use in dyadic judgments with eye-tracking. The current study employed a Brunswikian lens model analysis in conjunction with eye-tracking measurements to study age differences in the judgment of rapport, a social construct comprised of mutual attentiveness, positive feelings, and coordination between interacting partners. Judgment accuracy and cue utilization of younger (n = 47) and older (n = 46) adults were operationalized as correlations between a perceiver’s judgments and criterion values within a set of 34 brief interaction videos in which two opposite-sex college students discussed a controversial topic. No age differences emerged in the accuracy of judgments, however pathways to accuracy differed by age; younger adults’ judgments relied on some behavioral cues more than older adults. Additionally, eye-tracking analyses revealed that older adults spent more time looking at the bodies of the targets in the videos whereas younger adults spent more time looking at the targets’ heads. The contributions from both the lens model and eye-tracking findings provide distinct but complementary insights to our understanding of age-related continuities and shifts in social perceptual processing.This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association and can be found at: http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/pag/ This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record.Keywords: eye-tracking, social perception, rapport, lens mode

You can trust a pretty face: perceived physical attractiveness and the use of credibility related linguistic markers

Previous research has shown that physically attractive people are perceived by others as being more credible. One reason for this perceived credibility may be that these individuals are using specific linguistic categories during deceptive and truthful communication that are judged to be more credible. These categories include: more self-references, less references to others, more cognitive mechanisms, and fewer speech disturbances. In a face-to-face five minute interaction, we had individuals judge one another on their physical attractiveness and these scores were averaged for each participant. We employed the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software program to categorize the words in both true and false statements so as to assess linguistic patterns. As predicted, the more physically attractive an individual was perceived to be, the more cognitive mechanisms they used and the less disturbed their speech was. However, contrary to our hypothesized frequencies, individuals referenced others more and themselves less

Pessoas com deficiência visual: esporte e lazer como fator de inclusão

El desafío de este proyecto es vivenciar prácticas de actividades físicas y de ocio en el ambiente de la Universidad, involucrando a personas con discapacidad visual de la APACE / Passo Fundo, en el sentido de repensar nuestras prácticas con miras a contribuir en el proceso de inclusión social. Elementos de lectura de realidad/diagnóstico: El deporte y el ocio en las diversas modalidades posibilitan espacios para diferentes edades, intereses y condiciones. La actuación con portadores de deficiencia visual es un desafío en virtud de las pocas vivencias, informaciones, materiales, desconocimiento en adaptar actividades y la poca motivación de las personas hacia las prácticas, teniendo en cuenta que muchos todavía permanecen en la oscuridad de la sociedad, sea por falta de divulgación o la resistencia a las experimentaciones. Aparentemente existe interés y anhelo e incluso insistencia para involucrarse, pero acaban chocando con el sentimiento de inferioridad, olvidándose de sus capacidades y potencialidades. La sede de APACE es el punto de encuentro de los asociados, todos portadores de alguna deficiencia visual, que revelan anhelos, voluntades y deseos, unidos en un solo propósito, la búsqueda de hacer su vida lo más integrada posible. El espacio no es adecuado para las actividades prácticas, por lo que todas son realizadas en la Universidad. Se percibe que la discapacidad no los hace menos capaces de usufructuar y conducir sus vidas, en el área del deporte y del ocio, no retirando la capacidad de construir su autonomía y su historia. Pero todavía está muy presente signos de inseguridad para enfrentar las situaciones de lo cotidiano. El proyecto viene sirve de oportunidad para la convivencia con videntes mediante las actividades, reafirmando la posibilidad de transformación en el modo de pensar, actuar y sentir, en un proceso que se construye en las relaciones e interrelaciones.The challenge of this project is to experience practices of physical and leisure activities in the University environment, involving people with visual disabilities of the APACE / Passo Fundo, in the sense of rethinking our practices with a view to contributing to the social inclusion process. Elements of reality/diagnosis reading: Sport and leisure in the different modalities allow spaces for different ages, interests and conditions. The performance with carriers of visual impairment is a challenge because of the few experiences, information, materials, ignorance in adapting activities and the low motivation of people towards the practices, taking into account that many still remain in the darkness of society, either for lack of disclosure or resistance to experimentation. Apparently there is interest and longing and even insistence to get involved, but they end up colliding with the feeling of inferiority, forgetting their capabilities and potential. The headquarters of APACE is the meeting point of the associates, all bearers of some visual deficiency, which reveal longings, wills and desires, united in a single purpose, the search to make their life as integrated as possible. The space is not suitable for practical activities, so all are done at the University. It is perceived that disability does not make them less able to enjoy and lead their lives, in the area of sports and leisure, not removing the ability to build their autonomy and their history. But signs of insecurity are still very present to face situations of everyday life. The project is an opportunity for coexistence with seers through activities, reaffirming the possibility of transformation in the way of thinking, acting and feeling, in a process that is built on relationships and interrelationships.O desafio deste Projeto é vivenciar práticas de atividades físicas e de lazer no ambiente da Universidade envolvendo pessoas com deficiência visual da APACE / Passo Fundo no sentido de repensar nossas práticas numa perspectiva de contribuir no processo de inclusão social. Elementos de leitura de realidade/diagnóstico: O esporte e o lazer nas variadas modalidades possibilitam espaços para diferentes idades, interesses e condições. Atuar com portadores de deficiência visual é desafiador em virtude de poucas vivências, informações, materiais, desconhecimento em adaptar atividades e a pouca motivação das pessoas para as práticas, tendo em vista, que muitos ainda permanecem na escuridão da sociedade, seja por falta de divulgação ou ainda a resistência às experimentações. Aparentemente existe interesse e anseio e até insistência para se envolver, mas acabam esbarrando no sentimento de inferioridade, esquecendo-se de suas capacidades e potencialidades. A sede da APACE é o ponto de encontro dos associados, todos portadores de alguma deficiência visual, que revelam anseios, vontades e desejos, unidos em um só propósito, a busca de tornar sua vida a mais integrada possível. O espaço não é adequado para as atividades práticas, por este motivo todas são realizadas na Universidade. Percebe-se que a deficiência não os torna menos capazes de usufruir e conduzir suas vidas, na área do esporte e do Lazer, não retirando a capacidade de construir sua autonomia e sua história. Porém ainda está muito presente sinais de insegurança para enfrentar as situações do cotidiano. O projeto vem para oportunizar o convívio com videntes pelas atividades reafirmando a possibilidade de transformação no modo de pensar, agir e sentir, num processo que se constrói nas relações e inter-relações.peerReviewe

Polos regionais de desenvolvimento do esporte e do lazer: a descentralização da gestão de uma Política de Estado

La implementación del Polo en la UPF es de extrema importancia para el desarrollo regional, permitiendo las políticas públicas de una forma descentralizada y articulada. Se compone de 151 municipios distribuidos en seis micro-regiones correspondientes a las Coordinadoras Regionales de Educación: 7ª, 9ª, 15ª, 20ª, 25ª y 39ª CRE. El polo actúa en sintonía con FUNDERGS como facilitador de acciones, estimulando el desarrollo deportivo en la región e incentivando nuevas alternativas y propuestas volcadas en el deporte y el ocio. En el caso de los municipios de su región, se cuenta con la infraestructura existente en sus dependencias en los diversos eventos propuestos por FUNDERGS y municipios de su región, recibiendo, interpretando, diagnosticando y ayudando a los gestores municipales en sus demandas, siendo el principal interlocutor del Estado. En los dos años de instalación, varias fueron las acciones propuestas por FUNDERGS y desarrolladas por el polo, teniendo públicos y variados objetivos.The implementation of the Pole at UPF is extremely important for regional development, allowing public policies in a decentralized and articulated way. It consists of 151 municipalities distributed in six micro-regions corresponding to the Regional Coordinators of Education: 7th, 9th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 39th CRE. The polo acts in sync with FUNDERGS as a facilitator of actions, stimulating sports development in the region and encouraging new alternatives and proposals focused on sports and leisure. In the case of the municipalities of its region, existing infrastructure in its dependencies is available in the various events proposed by FUNDERGS and municipalities in its region, receiving, interpreting, diagnosing and assisting municipal managers in their demands, the main one being interlocutor of the State. In the two years of installation, several were the actions proposed by FUNDERGS and developed by the pole, having public and varied objectives.A implementação do Polo na UPF é de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento regional, visando as políticas públicas de forma descentralizada e articulada. É composto por 151 municípios distribuídos em 6 micro-regiões correspondente as Coordenadorias Regionais de Educação: 7ª, 9ª, 15ª, 20ª, 25ª e 39ª CRE. O polo atua junto em sintonia com a FUNDERGS como facilitador de ações, estimulando o desenvolvimento esportivo na região e incentivando novas alternativas e propostas voltadas ao esporte e lazer. Disponibiliza a infraestrutura existente nas suas dependências nos diversos eventos propostos pela FUNDERGS, e municípios da sua região, recebendo, interpretando, diagnosticando e auxiliando os gestores municipais em suas demandas, sendo, o principal interlocutor do Estado. Nos dois anos de instalação, várias foram as ações propostas pela FUNDERGS e desenvolvidas pelo polo, tendo público e objetivos variados.peerReviewe

Advances in Human-Robot Handshaking

The use of social, anthropomorphic robots to support humans in various industries has been on the rise. During Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), physically interactive non-verbal behaviour is key for more natural interactions. Handshaking is one such natural interaction used commonly in many social contexts. It is one of the first non-verbal interactions which takes place and should, therefore, be part of the repertoire of a social robot. In this paper, we explore the existing state of Human-Robot Handshaking and discuss possible ways forward for such physically interactive behaviours.Comment: Accepted at The 12th International Conference on Social Robotics (ICSR 2020) 12 Pages, 1 Figur

An ecological method for the sampling of nonverbal signalling behaviours of young children with profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD)

- Background: Profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD) are a complex range of disabilities that affect the general health and wellbeing of the individual and their capacity to interact and learn. - Method: We developed a new methodology to capture the nonsymbolic signalling behaviours of children with PMLD within the context of a face-to-face interaction with a caregiver to provide analysis at a micro-level of descriptive detail incorporating the use of the ELAN digital video software. - Conclusion: The signalling behaviours of participants in a natural, everyday interaction can be better understood with the use of this innovation in methodology, which is predicated on the ecology of communication. Recognition of the developmental ability of the participants is an integral factor within that ecology. The method presented establishes an advanced account of the modalities through which a child affected by PMLD is able to communicate

Measurement of the integrated luminosity of the Phase 2 data of the Belle II experiment

© 2019 Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd. From April to July 2018, a data sample at the peak energy of the γ(4S) resonance was collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider. This is the first data sample of the Belle II experiment. Using Bhabha and digamma events, we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be (496.3 ± 0.3 ± 3.0) pb-1, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle II