Принятие понятия <<права человека>> в пост-социалистическом обществе

<p>Scheme of experimental apparatus (A). Shown are robot, display screen and projector. Measuring awareness and unawareness (B). Exemplary adaptation, inclusion and exclusion movement directions indicating fully aware or unaware behaviour. Schematic and simplified presentation of awareness and unawareness. Note that for calculation of an awareness and unawareness index normalized mean movement directions of inclusion and exclusion were used in order to allow comparison between rotation angles (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0123321#sec002" target="_blank">Methods</a>). Movement directions were levelled between baseline direction -10% and size of perturbation +10% as indicated by the arrows.</p

UP's: A cohort study on recovery in psychotic disorder patients : Design protocol

Recovery is a multidimensional concept, including symptomatic, functional, social, as well as personal recovery. The present study aims at exploring psychosocial and biological determinants of personal recovery, and disentangling time-dependent relationships between personal recovery and the other domains of recovery in a sample of people with a psychotic disorder. A cohort study is conducted with a 10-year follow-up. Personal recovery is assessed using the Recovering Quality of Life Questionnaire (ReQoL) and the Individual Recovery Outcomes Counter (I.ROC). Other domains of recovery are assessed by the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale Remission (PANSS-R), the BRIEF-A and the Social Role Participation Questionnaire—Short version (SRPQ) to assess symptomatic, functional and societal recovery, respectively. In addition, multiple biological, psychological, and social determinants are assessed. This study aims to assess the course of personal recovery, and to find determinants and time-dependent relationships with symptomatic, functional and societal recovery in people with a psychotic disorder. Strengths of the study are the large number of participants, long duration of follow-up, multiple assessments over time, extending beyond the treatment trajectory, and the use of a broad range of biological, psychological, and social determinants

Awareness of Sensorimotor Adaptation to Visual Rotations of Different Size

Previous studies on sensorimotor adaptation revealed no awareness of the nature of the perturbation after adaptation to an abrupt 30 degrees rotation of visual feedback or after adaptation to gradually introduced perturbations. Whether the degree of awareness depends on the magnitude of the perturbation, though, has as yet not been tested. Instead of using questionnaires, as was often done in previous work, the present study used a process dissociation procedure to measure awareness and unawareness. A naive, implicit group and a group of subjects using explicit strategies adapted to 20 degrees, 40 degrees and 60 degrees cursor rotations in different adaptation blocks that were each followed by determination of awareness and unawareness indices. The awareness index differed between groups and increased from 20 degrees to 60 degrees adaptation. In contrast, there was no group difference for the unawareness index, but it also depended on the size of the rotation. Early adaptation varied between groups and correlated with awareness: The more awareness a participant had developed the more the person adapted in the beginning of the adaptation block. In addition, there was a significant group difference for savings but it did not correlate with awareness. Our findings suggest that awareness depends on perturbation size and that aware and strategic processes are differentially involved during adaptation and savings. Moreover, the use of the process dissociation procedure opens the opportunity to determine awareness and unawareness indices in future sensorimotor adaptation research

Correlations between awareness and adaptation.

<p>Correlations between the awareness indices for each rotation size and the respective adaptation (A) or clamp trial index (B). Red dots indicate explicit and blue ones implicit participants.</p

Correlation of awareness and adaptation.

<p>Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients of the correlations between awareness and adaptation (first and last bin) or clamp trial indices (first bin) are shown, respectively. Symbols ***, **, and * indicate p<0.001, p<0.01, and p<0.05, respectively, and the absence of a symbol indicates p>0.05.</p><p>Correlation of awareness and adaptation.</p

Savings.

<p>Mean savings for the implicit (blue) and explicit (red) group for all three perturbation sizes (20°, 40° and 60°) (A) as well as for naïve adaptation, i.e. the first rotation size of the experimental protocol, and experienced adaptation, i.e. the second and third rotation sizes (B). For the three rotation sizes statistical analysis revealed no significant effects (all p>0.05). An analysis of the naïve and experienced condition yielded significant effects of Group (p<0.05), Condition (p<0.05) and Group × Condition (p<0.01).</p

Inclusion and exclusion.

<p>Mean inclusion (red) and exclusion (blue) indices for all three perturbation sizes (20°, 40° and 60°) separately for the implicit (A) and explicit (B) group. Error bars indicate standard errors. For the inclusion index statistical analysis yielded a significant effect of Group (p<0.05), but no effects of Rotation Size, Block Order or any interaction (all p>0.05). For the exclusion index the analysis revealed a significant effect of Rotation Size (p<0.001). No significant effects of Group, Block Order or any interaction was found here (all p>0.05).</p

Adaptation and clamp trial indices.

<p>Mean adaptation (A) and clamp trial indices (B) of implicit (blue) and explicit (red) participants. The shaded area indicates standard errors. Note that a bin size of nine trialswas used for calculation of the adaptation index. For the clamp trial index bin size of one trial was used in this figure for illustrative purposes, but bin size of three trials was used for statistical analysis. For the adaptation index statistical analysis revealed significant effects of Group (p<0.01), Bin (p<0.001), Block Order (p<0.05), Bin × Group (p<0.001) and Bin × Block Order (p<0.01). For the clamp trial index the analysis yielded significant effects of Group (p<0.05), Bin (p<0.01), Block Order (p<0.05) and Bin × Group (p<0.01). Both analyses revealed no significant effects of Rotation Size or any other interaction (all p>0.05).</p

Awareness and unawareness.

<p>Mean awareness (red) and unawareness (blue) indices for all three perturbation sizes (20°, 40° and 60°) separately for the implicit (A) and explicit (B) group. For the awareness index statistical analysis revealed significant effects of Group (p<0.01) and Rotation Size (p<0.05), but no significant interaction (p>0.05). For the unawareness index the analysis yielded a significant effect of Rotation Size (p<0.001), but no significant effects of Group or Group × Rotation Size (both p>0.05).</p