A medida do erro em índices de custo de vida

Se a teoria dos números-índices é rica em discussões da maior ou menor adequação de certas formulações conceituais desses índices, é totalmente pobre em termos da discussão dos erros existentes na elaboração de qualquer um deles

Estimação do relativo de preços de produto homogêneo

Na elaboração de um índice de preços ao consumidor (próxis do custo de vida) aparece constantemente a dúvida sobre a melhor forma de estimação do relativo de preços

Resonance-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy of molecules on a superconductor

Molecular vibrational spectroscopy with the scanning tunneling microscope is feasible but usually detects few vibrational modes. We harness sharp Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states observed from molecules on a superconductor to significantly enhance the vibrational signal. From a lead phthalocyanin molecule 46 vibrational peaks are resolved enabling a comparison with calculated modes. The energy resolution is improved beyond the thermal broadening limit and shifts induced by neighbor molecules or the position of the microscope tip are determined. Vice versa, spectra of vibrational modes are used to measure the effect of an electrical field on the energy of YSR states. The method may help to further probe the interaction of molecules with their environment and to better understand selection rules for vibrational excitations

No Incidence of BRAF Mutations in Salivary Gland Carcinomas—Implications for Anti-EGFR Therapies

BRAF is the main effector of KRAS in the RAS-RAF-MAPK axis, a signaling pathway downstream of EGFR. The activation of this cascade is an important pathway in cancer development and is considered a key pathway for therapeutic molecules. Recent studies in metastatic colorectal cancer found that an oncogenic activation of BRAF by a point mutation in exon 15 (V600E) could bypass the EGFR-initiated signaling cascade with the effect that patients bearing the mutant BRAF allele are not likely to benefit from EGFR-targeted therapies. We designed an allele-specific PCR and screened 65 salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) of the main histopathological types for the BRAF V600E mutation. All 65 SGC in this cohort (100%) presented the BRAF wildtype. In a previous study, we found a KRAS wildtype in 98.5% of SGC. These findings imply that SGC rarely acquires mutations that result in a constitutive activation of the signaling cascade downstream of EGFR and this pleads in favor of further therapeutic trials with EGFR-targeting monoclonal antibodies

Endovascular Intervention for Critical Lower Limb Ischemia; a Review of Outcomes after Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty using Balloon Catheter

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) of lower limb with variable morbidity can be manifested as an asymptomatic, sever or life threatening disease. It is also a major cause of disability in many cases. The management of patients with PAD can be defined from a number of different treatment options in the terms of conservative-, interventional- and surgical therapies.Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA) using balloon catheter as a revascularization procedure has been used with acceptable outcomes. The method results are highlighted with comparable success—and patency rates, low complications, improving the quality of life and survival. We reviewed published studies and found that PTA is an appropriate alternative in the management of patient with Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI). Better outcomes have been achieved using Drug Coated Balloons (DCB) as well as Drug Eluting Stents (DES). Atherectomy remains with controversial results. Patient characteristics, the presence of associated risk factors, characteristics of lesions and accompanied cardiopulmonary disease may be the main challenges to use of these treatment options in the future

Application of Synthetic TEMPO Products at NASA SPoRT to Accelerate Use in Air Quality and Public Health Decision Support

No abstract availabl