Artificial Neural Network Comparison on hERG Channel Blockade Detection

International audienceThis work will present a comparison of several Artificial Neural Network methods for a classification problem related to cardiac safety assessment. Given the extracellular field potential recorded by means of micro-electrode arrays, the aim is to determine whether a given chemical drug is altering the electrical activity of cardiomyocytes by disrupting the normal behavior of the hERG channels. To do so, this work has considered four different Neural Network methods and compared them in terms of accuracy and computational costs. The conclusion is that, among the tested architectures, the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and multivariate 1-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) give the most promising results

Comparison of statistical, machine learning, and mathematical modelling methods to investigate the effect of ageing on dog's cardiovascular system

The aim of this work is to provide a preliminary comparison of different classes of methods to automatically detect the effect of ageing from in vivo data. The application which motivated this work is related to safety pharmacology, whose major goal is to determine, in a pre-clinical phase, whether a drug is potentially dangerous for the health [1]. In particular, we are going to compare statistical, machine learning and mathematical modelling methods.L'objectif de ce travail est de fournir une comparaison préliminaire entre différents classes de méthodes pour la détection automatique de l'effet du viellissement sur le système cardiovasculaire, en exploitant des données in vivo. L'application qui a motivé ce travail est liée à la pharmacologie de sécurité, qui vise à établir, dans une phase pre-clinique, si un médicament est potentiellement dangereux pour la santé [1]. En particulier, nous allons comparer des approches statistiques, d'apprentissage statistique et de modélisation mathématique

Comparison of statistical, machine learning, and mathematical modelling methods to investigate the effect of ageing on dog’s cardiovascular system

The aim of this work is to provide a preliminary comparison of different classes of methods to automatically detect the effect of ageing from in vivo data. The application which motivated this work is related to safety pharmacology, whose major goal is to determine, in a pre-clinical phase, whether a drug is potentially dangerous for the health. In particular, we are going to compare statistical, machine learning and mathematical modelling methods

Range Expansion Drives Dispersal Evolution In An Equatorial Three-Species Symbiosis

A-09-14International audienceBackground Recurrent climatic oscillations have produced dramatic changes in species distributions. This process has been proposed to be a major evolutionary force, shaping many life history traits of species, and to govern global patterns of biodiversity at different scales. During range expansions selection may favor the evolution of higher dispersal, and symbiotic interactions may be affected. It has been argued that a weakness of climate fluctuation-driven range dynamics at equatorial latitudes has facilitated the persistence there of more specialized species and interactions. However, how much the biology and ecology of species is changed by range dynamics has seldom been investigated, particularly in equatorial regions. Methodology/Principal Findings We studied a three-species symbiosis endemic to coastal equatorial rainforests in Cameroon, where the impact of range dynamics is supposed to be limited, comprised of two species-specific obligate mutualists –an ant-plant and its protective ant– and a species-specific ant parasite of this mutualism. We combined analyses of within-species genetic diversity and of phenotypic variation in a transect at the southern range limit of this ant-plant system. All three species present congruent genetic signatures of recent gradual southward expansion, a result compatible with available regional paleoclimatic data. As predicted, this expansion has been accompanied by the evolution of more dispersive traits in the two ant species. In contrast, we detected no evidence of change in lifetime reproductive strategy in the tree, nor in its investment in food resources provided to its symbiotic ants. Conclusions/Significance Despite the decreasing investment in protective workers and the increasing investment in dispersing females by both the mutualistic and the parasitic ant species, there was no evidence of destabilization of the symbiosis at the colonization front. To our knowledge, we provide here the first evidence at equatorial latitudes that biological traits associated with dispersal are affected by the range expansion dynamics of a set of interacting species

Rapid De Novo Evolution of X Chromosome Dosage Compensation in Silene latifolia, a Plant with Young Sex Chromosomes

Evidence for dosage compensation in Silene latifolia, a plant with 10-million-year-old sex chromosomes, reveals that dosage compensation can evolve rapidly in young XY systems and is not an animal-specific phenomenon

Can Shoulder Muscle Coordination During the Support Scale at Ring Height be Replicated During Training Exercises in Gymnastics?

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Is the V O 2 slow component in heavy arm-cranking exercise associated with recruitment of type II muscle fibers as assessed by an increase in surface EMG?

International audienceThe recruitment of additional type II muscle fibers is one mechanism often suggested to be responsible for the slow component of oxygen uptake (VO 2 SC ). We hypothesized that surface electromyogram (EMG) of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, and infraspinatus muscles could be related to the VO 2 SC amplitude during arm-cranking exercises above ventilatory threshold (VT). Eight healthy subjects performed transitions from rest to 6-min heavy exercise at a constant power output of approximately 40% between VT and peak VO 2 . A 2-component exponential model was used to fit the VO 2 response. EMG were recorded the last 15 s of each minute to obtain root mean square (RMS) and mean power frequency (MPF). Mean EMG responses for RMS and MPF were calculated by averaging EMG responses of the 4 muscles. The VO 2 SC amplitude was of 530 ± 166 mL/min and occurred after 134 ± 31 s of exercise onset. Significant correlations were found for most of the subjects between EMG parameters and the VO 2 SC amplitude as determined between the 2nd and the 6th minute. For all muscles, RMS values significantly increased over time during the VO 2 SC , whereas MPF decreased significantly. These results suggest a relation between the recruitment of additional type II muscle fibers and the VO 2 SC in arm-cranking exercises

Effects of Two Devices on the Surface Electromyography Responses of Eleven Shoulder Muscles During Azarian in Gymnastics

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Artificial Neural Network Comparison on hERG Channel Blockade Detection

International audienceThis work will present a comparison of several Artificial Neural Network methods for a classification problem related to cardiac safety assessment. Given the extracellular field potential recorded by means of micro-electrode arrays, the aim is to determine whether a given chemical drug is altering the electrical activity of cardiomyocytes by disrupting the normal behavior of the hERG channels. To do so, this work has considered four different Neural Network methods and compared them in terms of accuracy and computational costs. The conclusion is that, among the tested architectures, the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and multivariate 1-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) give the most promising results

Surface electromyography of nine shoulder muscles in two iron cross conditions in gymnastics.

Cette étude montre que l'usage des 'herdos' pour l'entraînement de la croix de fer aux anneaux ne reproduit pas les mêmes coordinations musculaires que l'usage des anneaux