Oral health related quality of life and determinant factors in patients with head and neck cancer

The present study aimed to measure the impact of oral health on the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer at two medical centers. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile - 14 (OHIP-14). Clinical aspects, cancer staging, and treatment approach were also investigated. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis, followed by Poisson regression analysis (with robust error variance), to associate the OHIP-14 scores with independent variables. The OHIP-14 presented good internal consistency (Cronbach?s Alpha = 0.861). The mean score obtained was 19.52 (±11.79). Physical pain (3.70±2.44), physical disability (3.26±2.62) and functional limitation (3.24±2.45) were ranked as the main factors affecting the quality of life. Patients non-Caucasians (PR = 1.30; IC 95% = 1.07-1.58; p = 0.009), widowers (PR = 1.36; IC 95% = 1.13-1.64; p = 0.001), diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (PR = 1.28; IC 95% = 1.05-1.58; p = 0.017) and with temporomandibular pain (PR = 1.31; IC 95% = 1.08-1.60; p = 0.007) were more likely to exhibit lower rates of quality of life. The results showed a high impact of the oral health in the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer was observed. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics can exert influence on the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer

Factors Associated with Hyposalivation in Brazilian Adults

Objective: To determine the occurrence of hyposalivation in Brazilian adults and its association with individual determinants, such as the use of medications, systemic conditions, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 402 adults was developed. Information was collected on sociodemographic and general health characteristics, and sialometry was performed with stimulated salivary flow. It indicated low salivary flow when ≤ 0.7 mL/min. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using a decision tree (p<0.05). Results: The sample was comprised predominantly of women (68.2%) aged ≤ 29 years (25.4%). Most participants did not use medication (56.7%). Among systemic diseases, the most cited was hypertension (25.1%). More than a third of the participants presented hyposalivation (40.3%), being associated with the following variables: age between 50 to 59 years (p=0.011), female sex (p<0.001), menopause (p=0.001), use of alcohol (p=0.033), systemic disease (p=0.002) and medication use (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, in addition to sex (p<0.001) and hypertension (p=0.005), an association was also found between hyposalivation and diabetes (p=0.014). Conclusion: Factors associated with hyposalivation in adults were sex and the presence of hypertension or diabetes

Factors Associated with Hyposalivation in Brazilian Adults

Objective: To determine the occurrence of hyposalivation in Brazilian adults and its association with individual determinants, such as the use of medications, systemic conditions, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 402 adults was developed. Information was collected on sociodemographic and general health characteristics, and sialometry was performed with stimulated salivary flow. It indicated low salivary flow when ≤ 0.7 mL/min. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using a decision tree (p<0.05). Results: The sample was comprised predominantly of women (68.2%) aged ≤ 29 years (25.4%). Most participants did not use medication (56.7%). Among systemic diseases, the most cited was hypertension (25.1%). More than a third of the participants presented hyposalivation (40.3%), being associated with the following variables: age between 50 to 59 years (p=0.011), female sex (p<0.001), menopause (p=0.001), use of alcohol (p=0.033), systemic disease (p=0.002) and medication use (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, in addition to sex (p<0.001) and hypertension (p=0.005), an association was also found between hyposalivation and diabetes (p=0.014). Conclusion: Factors associated with hyposalivation in adults were sex and the presence of hypertension or diabetes

Assessment of the ergonomic risk from saddle and conventional seats in dentistry: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to verify whether the saddle seat provides lower ergonomic risk than conventional seats in dentistry. METHODS:This review followed the PRISMA statement and a protocol was created and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017074918). Six electronic databases were searched as primary study sources. The "grey literature" was included to prevent selection and publication biases. The risk of bias among the studies included was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the effect of seat type on the ergonomic risk score in dentistry. The heterogeneity among studies was assessed using I2 statistics. RESULTS:The search resulted in 3147 records, from which two were considered eligible for this review. Both studies were conducted with a total of 150 second-year dental students who were starting their laboratory activities using phantom heads. Saddle seats were associated with a significantly lower ergonomic risk than conventional seats [right side (mean difference = -3.18; 95% CI = -4.96, -1.40; p < 0.001) and left side (mean difference = -3.12; 95% CI = -4.56, -1.68; p < 0.001)], indicating posture improvement. CONCLUSION:The two eligible studies for this review provide moderate evidence that saddle seats provided lower ergonomic risk than conventional seats in the examined population of dental students

Maxillary incisor root morphology in patients with nonsyndromic tooth agenesis: a controlled cross-sectional pilot study

This study aimed to investigate the association between root morphology of maxillary incisors and nonsyndromic tooth agenesis in patients compared with a control group without agenesis. Methods: This controlled cross-sectional pilot study (1:4) was performed with a random sample of 335 records from Brazilian applicants for orthodontic treatment, paired by sex and age. Panoramic and periapical radiographs were analyzed to diagnose tooth agenesis and to assess root morphology. The agenesis group (n = 67) included patients with nonsyndromic tooth agenesis, and the control group (n = 268) included patients without tooth agenesis. The statistical analysis included the Student t test and z test, conditional logistic regression, and odds ratio estimates. Results: Occurrence of root morphological changes was significantly higher among patients with agenesis (P <0.05). Significant morphological changes (short, blunt, apically bent, and pipette-shaped roots) were found in the roots of remaining teeth when comparing agenesis and control groups (P <0.05). Patients with agenesis were more likely to show root morphological changes (odds ratio, 74.23; 95% confidence interval, 16.93-325.46; P <0.001). Conclusion: Patients with agenesis are more likely to present root morphological changes, which should be considered to minimize problems during orthodontic treatments157221221

MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA, ETIOLOGY AND PROFILE OF PATIENTS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

<div><p>ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the profile of patients with facial trauma admitted in a hospital located in a metropolitan area of Northeast Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional and exploratory study was performed. A total of 244 cases were in agreement with the eligibility criteria. The variables include the sociodemographic characteristics of patients, etiology, type of trauma, treatment modalities, length of stay in a hospital and quarter of care. Descriptive statistics and Cluster Analysis were performed. Results: The average age of patients was 31.16 years (SD = 15.17 years) and average hospitalization was 6.32 days (SD = 7.75 days). It was verified the automatic formation of four clusters with different profiles of patients. The variables which most contributed to the external differentiation between clusters were: length of stay in a hospital (p <0.001), etiology (p <0.001), type of facial trauma (p <0.001), presence of associated trauma (p <0.001), treatment modalities (p <0.001) and quarter of care (p <0.001). Conclusion: The most of patients were men, victims of traffic accidents, which suffered fracture of zygomatic complex and underwent surgery. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Study.</p></div

Facial trauma among victims of terrestrial transport accidents

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: In developing countries, terrestrial transport accidents - TTA, especially those involving automobiles and motorcycles - are a major cause of facial trauma, surpassing urban violence. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional census study attempted to determine facial trauma occurrence with terrestrial transport accidents etiology, involving cars, motorcycles, or accidents with pedestrians in the northeastern region of Brazil, and examine victims' socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS: Morbidity data from forensic service reports of victims who sought care from January to December 2012 were analyzed. RESULTS: Altogether, 2379 reports were evaluated, of which 673 were related to terrestrial transport accidents and 103 involved facial trauma. Three previously trained and calibrated researchers collected data using a specific form. Facial trauma occurrence rate was 15.3% (n = 103). The most affected age group was 20-29 years (48.3%), and more men than women were affected (2.81:1). Motorcycles were involved in the majority of accidents resulting in facial trauma (66.3%). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of facial trauma in terrestrial transport accident victims tends to affect a greater proportion of young and male subjects, and the most prevalent accidents involve motorcycles

Violência contra mulheres em diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida no Brasil: um estudo exploratório

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever o perfil da violência contra mulheres em diferentes ciclos de vida, de acordo com as características sociodemográficas das vítimas e dos agressores. Métodos: Estudo transversal e exploratório realizado com base em 1.388 registros de ocorrências, durante período de quatro anos, em uma região metropolitana do Nordeste do Brasil. A variável dependente foi o tipo de agressão sofrido pelas vítimas. As variáveis independentes foram as características sociodemográficas das vítimas e dos agressores. A análise estatística incluiu o teste χ2 (p < 0,05) e a análise de árvore de decisão, por meio do algoritmo Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID). Resultados: Os casos de agressão física (n = 644) foram os mais comuns, seguidos de ameaça (n = 415) e agressão verbal (n = 285). Os perfis da violência puderam ser explicados pela relação entre vítimas e agressores (p < 0,001) e faixa etária das vítimas (p = 0,026 em Nó 1; p = 0,019 em Nó 3). Conclusão: Foi observado que mulheres em diferentes fases da vida apresentam mais exposição a diferentes tipos de violência