Hysteresis analysis to quantify and qualify the sediment dynamics : state of the art

This work is a review of the use of hysteresis to quantify sediment discharge dynamics. We reviewed 71 journal articles from the year 1953 to the present day focusing on two topics: the factors that influence hysteresis; and hysteresis quantification. The main factors influencing hysteresis are: (a) magnitude and sequence of events; (b) sediment particle size distribution; (c) basin size; and (d) land use and sediment source. Hysteresis quantification can be done using several different methods that can be grouped as: (a) hysteresis indexes; (b) statistical analysis; and (c) uncertainty analysis. Most studies were conducted in Western Europe and the USA. The studies, in general, show how the factors listed above influence the shape and patterns of hysteresis. However, the sediment dynamics are complex, and the hysteresis patterns may be linked to many other factors, such as slope and drainage systems. The quantification of hysteresis still appears, mainly with the hysteresis index and statistical analysis. Therefore, there are still many other factors that influence hysteresis patterns, as well as hysteresis rates and uncertainty analyses

Bone Marrow Endosteal Mesenchymal Progenitors Depend on HIF Factors for Maintenance and Regulation of Hematopoiesis

Summary Maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is regulated through cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms within specialized bone marrow microenvironments. Recent evidence demonstrates that signaling by HIF-1α contributes to cell-autonomous regulation of HSC maintenance. By investigating the role of HIF factors in bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors, we found that murine endosteal mesenchymal progenitors express high levels of HIF-1α and HIF-2α and proliferate preferentially in hypoxic conditions ex vivo. Inactivation of either HIF-1α or HIF-2α dramatically affects their phenotype, propagation, and differentiation. Also, downregulation of HIF factors provokes an increase in interferon-responsive genes and triggers expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors by a STAT1-mediated mechanism. Interestingly, in conditions of demand-driven hematopoiesis HIF factors are specifically downregulated in mesenchymal progenitors in vivo. In conclusion, our findings indicate that HIF factors also regulate hematopoiesis non-cell-autonomously by preventing activation of a latent program in mesenchymal progenitors that promotes hematopoiesis

COMPORTAMENTO HIDROSSEDIMENTOLÓGICO DE BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA COM RESERVATÓRIO

O represamento hídrico altera a hidrodinâmica do escoamento fluvial e dos processos de transporte e deposição de sedimentos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo amostrar e analisar o comportamento de sedimentos suspensos em uma bacia hidrográfica de 5ª ordem fluvial, que possui um reservatório d'água em seu exutório. Foram realizadas 20 campanhas de amostragem de sedimentos em suspensão, de 2 a 3 metros a montante da barragem, em quatro profundidades da coluna d´água. Para amostrar a mistura água-sedimentos da descarga do reservatório foi utilizado um novo amostrador de sedimentos em suspensão, assim como um novo método de amostragem, dimensionalisados para esta represa. Os resultados do monitoramento mostraram que a concentração de sedimentos suspensos perto do fundo do reservatório é maior do que na superfície do mesmo, sendo que a amostragem do dia 05/09/14 indicou a ocorrência de correntes de turbidez de fundo. A análise estatística dos dados mostra que o sedimento em suspensão não responde rápidamente aos eventos de precipitação, havendo um retardo entre o pico da vazão e os valores máximos da descarga de sedimentos do reservatório. Com esta análise foram identificados dois processos hidrossedimentológicos reponsáveis pela descarga sólida desta represa. No entanto, somente um destes processos foi totalmente caracterizado, o qual é desencadeado pela chuva diária ocorrida entre o atraso temporal de 1 a 2 dias, gerando incremento de água e sedimentos na vazão com atraso de 1 dia, determinando parte da concentração de sedimentos na vazão do dia da amostragem. Já o outro processo, referente a vazão com atraso de 2 dias, que possui maior determinação nos sedimentos suspensos do dia da amostragem, ainda carece de uma maior amostragem espaço/temporal de precipitação e sedimentos suspensos para caracterização de sua gênese, podendo ser devido ao fenômeno de histerese

A rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for unambiguous detection of different milk species employed in cheese manufacturing

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Time of concentration in an experimental basin: methods for analysis, backwater effects and vegetation removal

There are several empirical and theoretical formulas used for the estimation of the time of concentration (Tc). However, it has been shown that the Tc estimation may vary in several orders of magnitude depending on the method. In this study we compare 10 different methods for the estimation of the Tc using sub-basins and backwater effects to analyze those results. We also analyzed if the vegetation removal changes the Tc in the basin. The study area is the basin of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) campus in Joinville with a significant part in a wetland and there is backwater effect caused by the Piraí river. Applying the empirical and theoretical equations found a significant variation of Tc estimates, the standard deviation in relation to the general average was around 65%. The influence of vegetation removal and drainage of a canal had an effect of reducing the Tc by 50%

O DESAFIO DE SER PROFESSOR NA ESCOLA DO CAMPO: O CONTEXTO DA CASA FAMILIAR RURAL SANTO AGOSTINHO

With the strengthening of rural social movements, the Rural Education emerged as a critic to the reality of Brazilian education, in particular the educational situation of collective actors, promoting a education proposal with community and families involvement in the educational process. Referenced thus an innovative pedagogical model, the Pedagogy of Alternation, which seeks to develop and create alternative forms of knowledge production that go beyond school and mobilize a new social and cultural dynamics, identifying the camp as a territorial space where workers produce their life in different ways. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the tensions and challenges faced by teachers/instructors in everyday educational processes of the field, from the experience of the Rural Family House Santo Agostinho in Quilombo, SC, Brazil.Con el fortalecimiento de los movimientos sociales rurales, la educación rural ha surgido como crítica a la realidad de la educación brasileña, en particular la situación educativa de los actores colectivos, promoviendo la propuesta de formación con participación de la comunidad y de las familias en el proceso educativo. Se hace referencia, por tanto, a un modelo pedagó-gico innovador: la pedagogía de la alternancia, la cual consiste en desarrollar y crear formas alternativas de desarrollo del conocimiento que trascienden a los límites de la escuela y movi-lizan una nueva dinámica social y cultural, que identifica el medio rural como un espacio te-rritorial donde los trabajadores desarrollan sus vidas de diversas maneras. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre las tensiones y desafíos del día a día que enfrentan a los docentes / instructores en los procesos educativos del medio rural, de la experiencia de la Casa Familiar Rural de Santo Agostinho en Quilombo, SC, Brasil.Com o fortalecimento dos movimentos sociais do campo, a Educação do Campo emergiu co-mo crítica à realidade da educação brasileira, em específico à situação educacional desses ato-res coletivos, promovendo uma proposta de educação com envolvimento da comunidade e das famílias no processo educativo. Emerge, assim, um modelo pedagógico inovador, a Pedagogia da Alternância, que busca desenvolver e criar formas alternativas de produção de conheci-mento que vão além dos muros da escola e mobilizam uma nova dinâmica social e cultural, identificando o campo como um espaço-território onde trabalhadores produzem a sua vida de distintas formas. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em, a partir da consideração desses novos olhares sobre a educação, refletir acerca das tensões e dos desafios enfrentados pelos profes-sores/monitores no cotidiano dos processos educativos do campo, a partir da experiência da Casa Familiar Rural Santo Agostinho, em Quilombo, SC, Brasil

HIF factors cooperate with PML-RARα to promote acute promyelocytic leukemia progression and relapse

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is epitomized by the chromosomal translocation t(15;17) and the resulting oncogenic fusion protein PML-RARα. Although acting primarily as a transcriptional repressor, PML-RARα can also exert functions of transcriptional co-activation. Here, we find that PML-RARα stimulates transcription driven by HIF factors, which are critical regulators of adaptive responses to hypoxia and stem cell maintenance. Consistently, HIF-related gene signatures are upregulated in leukemic promyelocytes from APL patients compared to normal promyelocytes. Through in vitro and in vivo studies, we find that PML-RARα exploits a number of HIF-1α-regulated pro-leukemogenic functions that include cell migration, bone marrow (BM) neo-angiogenesis and self-renewal of APL blasts. Furthermore, HIF-1α levels increase upon treatment of APL cells with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). As a consequence, inhibiting HIF-1α in APL mouse models delays leukemia progression and exquisitely synergizes with ATRA to eliminate leukemia-initiating cells (LICs)