Produção de mudas de almeirão e cultivo no campo, em sistema agroecológico.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o desenvolvimento das mudas de almeirão em diferentes substratos orgânicos e verificar o comportamento em bandejas, após o transplante no campo e na pós-colheita, constituindo três experimentos. Foram avaliados o uso do substrato comercial e quatro misturas de proporções de composto, areia e pó de basalto. Foram quatro fases de avaliação: aos 13 e 26 dias após a emergência (DAE), aos 74 dias após o transplante e na pós-colheita. Avaliaram-se o comprimento e a massa da matéria seca de raiz e de parte aérea, número de folhas por planta, diâmetro do coleto, área foliar e a conservação pós-colheita. O composto orgânico e as misturas foram superiores ao substrato comercial, na maioria das características avaliadas nos 13 e 26 DAE; entretanto, o substrato comercial superou os demais tratamentos para o comprimento de raiz. Os substratos orgânicos (T2 e T3) podem ser recomendados para a produção de mudas de almeirão com desenvolvimento satisfatório em sistema de cultivo em bandejas e a campo e, de igual forma, em pós-colheita; o uso de composto orgânico como substrato para produção de mudas propiciou o desenvolvimento de mudas mais vigorosas e plantas mais resistentes no campo do que o substrato comercial

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Solid-State Characterization and Compatibility Studies of Penciclovir, Lysine Hydrochloride, and Pharmaceutical Excipients

The physical and chemical characterization of the solid-state properties of drugs and excipients is fundamental for planning new formulations and developing new strategies for the treatment of diseases. Techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy are among the most commonly used techniques for these purposes. Penciclovir and lysine are individually used to treat the herpes virus. As such, the development of a formulation containing both drugs may have therapeutic potential. Solid-state characterization showed that both penciclovir and lysine were crystalline materials with melting points at 278.27 °C and 260.91 °C, respectively. Compatibility studies of penciclovir and lysine indicated a possible interaction between these substances, as evidenced by a single melting point at 253.10 °C. The compatibility of several excipients, including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, cetostearyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulphate, di-tert-butyl methyl phenol, liquid petrolatum, methylparaben, nonionic wax, paraffin, propylene glycol, and propylparaben, was evaluated in ternary (penciclovir-lysine-excipient) mixtures (1:1:1, w/w/w) to determine the optimal formulation. The developed formulation was stable under accelerated and ambient conditions, which demonstrated that the interaction between penciclovir and lysine was suitable for the development of a formulation containing both drugs

Development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for the determination of buclizine hydrochloride in tablets and oral suspension and its application to dissolution studies

A method using liquid chromatography has been developed and validated for determination of buclizine in pharmaceutical formulations and in release studies. Isocratic chromatography was performed on a C18 column with methanol:water (80:20 v/v, pH 2.6) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. The method was linear, accurate, precise, sensible and robust. The dissolution test was optimized and validated in terms of dissolution medium, apparatus agitation and rotation speed. The presented analytical and dissolution procedures can be conveniently adopted in the quality and stability control of buclizine in tablets and oral suspension

Development and evaluation of 20 mg Omeprazole gastro-resistant tablets

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver comprimidos de omeprazol revestidos com copolímero de ácido metacrílico tipo C. Os núcleos foram obtidos por compressão direta com 22,08 mg de omeprazol sódico para um peso médio de 180 mg. As formulações R1 e R2 foram revestidas em drageadeira Rama Cota RD utilizando pré-revestimento com Opadry® YS e polímero entérico Acryl-eze®. Os comprimidos gastro-resistentes foram avaliados segundo os critérios de variação de peso, dimensão e espessura, dureza, friabilidade, desintegração, teor de substância ativa, uniformidade de conteúdo, resistência ácida por captação de imagem e avaliação do perfil e cinética de liberação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a forma farmacêutica preservou as características físico-químicas do fármaco e os estudos de captação de imagem permitiram observar que o revestimento entérico foi atingido com sucesso. O perfil e a cinética de dissolução evidenciaram que a camada de revestimento foi um fator limitante na liberação do fármaco.The purpose of this work was to develop omeprazole tablets coated with methacrylic acid copolymer type C. The tablets were obtained from direct compression using 22,08 mg of omeprazole sodium to a final weight of 180 mg. The produced tablets were coated in a Rama Cota RD perforated pan with sub-coat using Opadry® YS and enteric polymer Acryl-eze®. The obtained gastro-resistent tables were examined for variation o weight, dimension and thickness, hardness, friability, disintegration, assay, uniformity of dosage units, acid resistance by image studies, dissolution and drug release. The obtained results showed that the develop dosage form ensured the omperazole's physico-chemical characteristics. Through image studies, the enteric coating was successfully achieved. Dissolution and drug release studies showed that coating was the major factor responsible for the drug delayed release.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Solid-state characterization and dissolution properties of Fluvastatin sodium salt hydrates

The present study reports the solid-state properties of Fluvastatin sodium salt crystallized from different solvents for comparison with crystalline forms of the commercially available raw material and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) reference standard. FLV samples were characterized by several techniques; such as X-ray powder diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, liquid and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of samples was performed in order to study the influence of crystalline form and other factors on rate and extent of dissolution. Three different forms were found. The commercial raw material and FluvastatinACN were identified as “form I” hydrate, the USP reference standard as “form II” hydrate and an ethanol solvate which presented a mixture of phases. Form I, with water content of 4%, was identified as monohydrate.Fil: Borgmann, Silvia H. M.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Bernardi, Larissa S.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Rauber, Gabriela S.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Paulo R.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Campos, Carlos E.M. de. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Monti, Gustavo Alberto. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cuffini, Silvia L.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Cardoso, Simone. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasi

Solid-State Characterization of Different Crystalline Forms of Sitagliptin

Sitagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The crystal structure of active pharmaceutical solids determines their physical and chemical properties. The polymorphism, solvates and hydrates can influence the free energy, thermodynamic parameters, solubility, solid-state stability, processability and dissolution rate, besides directly affecting the bioavailability. Thus, the physicochemical characterization of an active pharmaceutical ingredient is required to guarantee the rational development of new dosage forms. In this context, we describe herein the solid-state characterization of three crystalline forms of sitagliptin: sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate, sitagliptin phosphate anhydrous and sitagliptin base form. The investigation was carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG)/derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), spectroscopic techniques, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy. The thermal analysis revealed that during the dehydration of sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (Tpeak = 134.43 °C, ΔH = −1.15 J g−1) there is a characteristic crystalline transition event, which alters the physicochemical parameters of the drug, such as the melting point and solubility. The crystalline behavior of sitagliptin base form differs from that of sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate and sitagliptin phosphate anhydrous, mainly with regard to the lower temperature of the fusion event. The melting point (Tpeak) values obtained were 120.29 °C for sitagliptin base form, 206.37 °C for sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate and 214.92 °C for sitagliptin phosphate anhydrous. In relation to the thermal stability, sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate and sitagliptin phosphate anhydrous showed a slight difference; however, both are more thermostable than the base molecule. Therefore, through this study it was possible to establish the most suitable crystalline form of sitagliptin for the development of a safe, effective and appropriate pharmaceutical dosage form

Solid-state evaluation and polymorphic quantification of venlafaxine hydrochloride raw materials using the Rietveld method

Venlafaxine hydrochloride (VEN) is an antidepressant drug widely used for the treatment of depression. The purpose of this study was to carry out the preparation and solid state characterization of the pure polymorphs (Forms 1 and 2) and the polymorphic identification and quantification of four commercially-available VEN raw materials. These two polymorphic forms were obtained from different crystallization methods and characterized by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT), Raman Spectroscopy (RS), liquid and solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR and ssNMR) spectroscopies, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The main differences were observed by DSC and XRPD and the latter was chosen as the standard technique for the identification and quantification studies in combination with the Rietveld method for the commercial raw materials (VEN1–VEN4) acquired from different manufacturers. Additionally Form 1 and Form 2 can be clearly distinguished from their 13C ssNMR spectra. Through the analysis, it was possible to conclude that VEN1 and VEN2 were composed only of Form 1, while VEN3 and VEN4 were a mixture of Forms 1 and 2. Additionally, the Rietveld refinement was successfully applied to quantify the polymorphic ratio for VEN3 and VEN4.Fil: Bernardi, Larissa S.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Ferreira, Fábio F.. Universidade Federal do ABC; BrasilFil: Cuffini, Silvia Lucia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Campos, Carlos E. M.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Monti, Gustavo Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; ArgentinaFil: Kuminek, Gislaine. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Paulo R.. Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste; BrasilFil: Cardoso, Simone G.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasi