4,252 research outputs found
Mishpat Ivri, Halakhah and Legal Philosophy: Agunah and the Theory of âLegal Sources"
In this paper, I ask whether mishpat ivri (Jewish Law) is appropriately conceived as a âlegal systemâ. I review Menachem Elonâs use of a âSourcesâ Theory of Law (based on Salmond) in his account of Mishpat Ivri; the status of religious law from the viewpoint of jurisprudence itself (Bentham, Austin and Kelsen); then the use of sources (and the approach to âdogmatic errorâ) by halakhic authorities in discussing the problems of the agunah (âchained wifeâ), which I suggest points to a theory more radical than the âsourcesâ theory of law, one more akin to the ultimate phase of the thought of Kelsen (the ânon-logicalâ Kelsen) or indeed to some form of Legal Realism (with which that phase of Kelsenâs thought has indeed been compared)? I finally juxtapose an account based on internal theological resources (a âJurisprudence of Revelationâ). Downloadable at at http://www.biu.ac.il/JS/JSIJ/jsij1.html
Neutron beta decay in effective field theory
Radiative corrections to the lifetime and angular correlation coefficients of
neutron beta-decay are evaluated in effecitive field theory. We also evaluate
the lowest order nucleon recoil corrections, including weak-magnetism. Our
results agree with those of the long-range and model-independent part of
previous calculations. In an effective theory the model-dependent radiative
corrections are replaced by well-defined low-energy constants. The effective
field theory allows a systematic evaluation of higher order corrections to our
results to the extent that the relevant low-energy constants are known.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure; two references added, minor correctio
A response to âLikelihood ratio as weight of evidence: a closer lookâ by Lund and Iyer
Recently, Lund and Iyer (L&I) raised an argument regarding the use of likelihood ratios in court. In our view, their argument is based on a lack of understanding of the paradigm. L&I argue that the decision maker should not accept the expertâs likelihood ratio without further consideration. This is agreed by all parties. In normal practice, there is often considerable and proper exploration in court of the basis for any probabilistic statement. We conclude that L&I argue against a practice that does not exist and which no one advocates. Further we conclude that the most informative summary of evidential weight is the likelihood ratio. We state that this is the summary that should be presented to a court in every scientific assessment of evidential weight with supporting information about how it was constructed and on what it was based
Melatonin for rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease : a randomised controlled trial
Background Melatonin may reduce REM-sleep behavior disorder (RBD) symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), though robust clinical trials are lacking. Objective To assess the efficacy of prolonged-release (PR) melatonin for RBD in PD. Methods Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial with an 8-week intervention and 4-week observation pre- and postintervention (ACTRN12613000648729). Thirty PD patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder were randomized to 4 mg of prolonged-release melatonin (Circadin) or matched placebo, ingested orally once-daily before bedtime. Primary outcome was the aggregate of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder incidents averaged over weeks 5 to 8 of treatment captured by a weekly diary. Data were included in a mixed-model analysis of variance (n = 15 per group). Results No differences between groups at the primary endpoint (3.4 events/week melatonin vs. 3.6 placebo; difference, 0.2; 95% confidence interval = -3.2 to 3.6; P = 0.92). Adverse events included mild headaches, fatigue, and morning sleepiness (n = 4 melatonin; n = 5 placebo). Conclusion Prolonged-release melatonin 4 mg did not reduce rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in PD. (c) 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Active flow control systems architectures for civil transport aircraft
Copyright @ 2010 American Institute of Aeronautics and AstronauticsThis paper considers the effect of choice of actuator technology and associated power systems architecture on the mass cost and power consumption of implementing active flow control systems on civil transport aircraft. The research method is based on the use of a mass model that includes a mass due to systems hardware and a mass due to the system energy usage. An Airbus A320 aircraft wing is used as a case-study application. The mass model parameters are based on first-principle physical analysis of electric and pneumatic power systems combined with empirical data on system hardware from existing equipment suppliers. Flow control methods include direct fluidic, electromechanical-fluidic, and electrofluidic actuator technologies. The mass cost of electrical power distribution is shown to be considerably less than that for pneumatic systems; however, this advantage is reduced by the requirement for relatively heavy electrical power management and conversion systems. A tradeoff exists between system power efficiency and the system hardware mass required to achieve this efficiency. For short-duration operation the flow control solution is driven toward lighter but less power-efficient systems, whereas for long-duration operation there is benefit in considering heavier but more efficient systems. It is estimated that a practical electromechanical-fluidic system for flow separation control may have a mass up to 40% of the slat mass for a leading-edge application and 5% of flap mass for a trailing-edge application.This work is funded by the Sixth European Union Framework Programme as part of the AVERT project (Contract No. AST5-CT-2006-030914
Equilibrium long-ranged charge correlations at the interface between media coupled to the electromagnetic radiation
We continue studying long-ranged quantum correlations of surface charge
densities on the interface between two media of distinct dielectric functions
which are in thermal equilibrium with the radiated electromagnetic field. Two
regimes are considered: the non-retarded one with the speed of light taken
to be infinitely large and the retarded one with finite value of . The
analysis is based on results obtained by using fluctuational electrodynamics in
[L. \v{S}amaj and B. Jancovici, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 78}, 051119 (2008)]. Using an
integration method in the complex plane and the general analytic properties of
dielectric functions in the frequency upper half-plane, we derive explicit
forms of prefactors to the long-range decay of the surface charge correlation
functions for all possible media (conductor, dielectric, vacuum)
configurations. The main result is that the time-dependent quantum prefactor in
the retarded regime takes its static classical form, for any temperature.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
Brief of Corporate Law Professors as Amici Curie in Support of Respondents
The Supreme Court has looked to the rights of corporate shareholders in determining the rights of union members and non-members to control political spending, and vice versa. The Court sometimes assumes that if shareholders disapprove of corporate political expression, they can easily sell their shares or exercise control over corporate spending. This assumption is mistaken. Because of how capital is saved and invested, most individual shareholders cannot obtain full information about corporate political activities, even after the fact, nor can they prevent their savings from being used to speak in ways with which they disagree. Individual shareholders have no âopt outâ rights or practical ability to avoid subsidizing corporate political expression with which they disagree. Nor do individuals have the practical option to refrain from putting their savings into equity investments, as doing so would impose damaging economic penalties and ignore conventional financial guidance for individual investors
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