40,723 research outputs found
Weak KAM for commuting Hamiltonians
For two commuting Tonelli Hamiltonians, we recover the commutation of the
Lax-Oleinik semi-groups, a result of Barles and Tourin ([BT01]), using a direct
geometrical method (Stoke's theorem). We also obtain a "generalization" of a
theorem of Maderna ([Mad02]). More precisely, we prove that if the phase space
is the cotangent of a compact manifold then the weak KAM solutions (or
viscosity solutions of the critical stationary Hamilton-Jacobi equation) for G
and for H are the same. As a corrolary we obtain the equality of the Aubry
sets, of the Peierls barrier and of flat parts of Mather's functions.
This is also related to works of Sorrentino ([Sor09]) and Bernard ([Ber07b]).Comment: 23 pages, accepted for publication in NonLinearity (january 29th
2010). Minor corrections, fifth part added on Mather's function (or
effective Hamiltonian
Gravitational Binding, Virialization and the Peculiar Velocity Distribution of the Galaxies
We examine the peculiar velocity distribution function of galaxies in
cosmological many-body gravitational clustering. Our statistical mechanical
approach derives a previous basic assumption and generalizes earlier results to
galaxies with haloes. Comparison with the observed peculiar velocity
distributions indicates that individual massive galaxies are usually surrounded
by their own haloes, rather than being embedded in common haloes. We then
derive the density of energy states, giving the probability that a randomly
chosen configuration of N galaxies in space is bound and virialized.
Gravitational clustering is very efficient. The results agree well with the
observed probabilities for finding nearby groups containing N galaxies. A
consequence is that our local relatively low mass group is quite typical, and
the observed small departures from the local Hubble flow beyond our group are
highly probable.Comment: Paper in aastex 5.0 format and 9 figures. Replace a new version with
figures and typos correcte
A Lattice Study of the Gluon Propagator in Momentum Space
We consider pure glue QCD at beta=5.7, beta=6.0 and beta=6.3. We evaluate the
gluon propagator both in time at zero 3-momentum and in momentum space. From
the former quantity we obtain evidence for a dynamically generated effective
mass, which at beta=6.0 and beta=6.3 increases with the time separation of the
sources, in agreement with earlier results. The momentum space propagator G(k)
provides further evidence for mass generation. In particular, at beta=6.0, for
k less than 1 GeV, the propagator G(k) can be fit to a continuum formula
proposed by Gribov and others, which contains a mass scale b, presumably
related to the hadronization mass scale. For higher momenta Gribov's model no
longer provides a good fit, as G(k) tends rather to follow an inverse power
law. The results at beta=6.3 are consistent with those at beta=6.0, but only
the high momentum region is accessible on this lattice. We find b in the range
of three to four hundred MeV and the exponent of the inverse power law about
2.7. On the other hand, at beta=5.7 (where we can only study momenta up to 1
GeV) G(k) is best fit to a simple massive boson propagator with mass m. We
argue that such a discrepancy may be related to a lack of scaling for low
momenta at beta=5.7. {}From our results, the study of correlation functions in
momentum space looks promising, especially because the data points in Fourier
space turn out to be much less correlated than in real space.Comment: 19 pages + 12 uuencoded PostScript picture
Non-perturbative renormalization in kaon decays
We discuss the application of the MPSTV non-perturbative method \cite{NPM} to
the operators relevant to kaon decays. This enables us to reappraise the
long-standing question of the rule, which involves
power-divergent subtractions that cannot be evaluated in perturbation theory.
We also study the mixing with dimension-six operators and discuss its
implications to the chiral behaviour of the parameter.Comment: Talk presented at LATTICE96(improvement), LaTeX 3 pages, uses
espcrc2, 2 postscript figure
Duality relations in the auxiliary field method
The eigenenergies of a system of
identical particles with a mass are functions of the various radial quantum
numbers and orbital quantum numbers . Approximations
of these eigenenergies, depending on a principal quantum number
, can be obtained in the framework of the auxiliary field
method. We demonstrate the existence of numerous exact duality relations
linking quantities and for various forms of the
potentials (independent of and ) and for both nonrelativistic and
semirelativistic kinematics. As the approximations computed with the auxiliary
field method can be very close to the exact results, we show with several
examples that these duality relations still hold, with sometimes a good
accuracy, for the exact eigenenergies
Scalar mesons in a finite volume
Using effective field theory methods, we discuss the extraction of the mass
and width of the scalar mesons f0(980) and a0(980) from the finite-volume
spectrum in lattice QCD. In particular, it is argued that the nature of these
states can be studied by invoking twisted boundary conditions, as well as
investigating the quark mass dependence of the spectrum.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figure
Optimizing ISOCAM data processing using spatial redundancy
We present new data processing techniques that allow to correct the main
instrumental effects that degrade the images obtained by ISOCAM, the camera on
board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). Our techniques take advantage of
the fact that a position on the sky has been observed by several pixels at
different times. We use this information (1) to correct the long term variation
of the detector response, (2) to correct memory effects after glitches and
point sources, and (3) to refine the deglitching process. Our new method allows
the detection of faint extended emission with contrast smaller than 1% of the
zodiacal background. The data reduction corrects instrumental effects to the
point where the noise in the final map is dominated by the readout and the
photon noises. All raster ISOCAM observations can benefit from the data
processing described here. These techniques could also be applied to other
raster type observations (e.g. ISOPHOT or IRAC on SIRTF).Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Supplement Serie
Nonlocal Scalar Quantum Field Theory: Functional Integration, Basis Functions Representation and Strong Coupling Expansion
Nonlocal QFT of one-component scalar field in -dimensional
Euclidean spacetime is considered. The generating functional (GF) of complete
Green functions as a functional of external source , coupling
constant , and spatial measure is studied. An expression for GF
in terms of the abstract integral over the primary field
is given. An expression for GF in terms of integrals
over the primary field and separable Hilbert space (HS) is obtained by means of
a separable expansion of the free theory inverse propagator over the
separable HS basis. The classification of functional integration measures
is formulated, according to which trivial and
two nontrivial versions of GF are obtained. Nontrivial versions
of GF are expressed in terms of -norm and -norm,
respectively. The definition of the -norm generator is suggested.
Simple cases of sharp and smooth generators are considered. Expressions for GF
in terms of integrals over the separable HS with new integrands
are obtained. For polynomial theories and for
the nonpolynomial theory , integrals over the separable HS in
terms of a power series over the inverse coupling constant for
both norms (-norm and -norm) are calculated. Critical values of model
parameters when a phase transition occurs are found numerically. A
generalization of the theory to the case of the uncountable integral over HS is
formulated. A comparison of two GFs , one in the case of
uncountable HS integral and one obtained using the Parseval-Plancherel
identity, is given.Comment: 26 pages, 2 figures; v2: significant additions in the text; prepared
for the special issue "QCD and Hadron Structure" of the journal Particles;
v3: minimal corrections; v4: paragraphs added related to Reviewer comment
Staggered Chiral Perturbation Theory and the Fourth-Root Trick
Staggered chiral perturbation theory (schpt) takes into account the
"fourth-root trick" for reducing unwanted (taste) degrees of freedom with
staggered quarks by multiplying the contribution of each sea quark loop by a
factor of 1/4. In the special case of four staggered fields (four flavors,
nF=4), I show here that certain assumptions about analyticity and phase
structure imply the validity of this procedure for representing the rooting
trick in the chiral sector. I start from the observation that, when the four
flavors are degenerate, the fourth root simply reduces nF=4 to nF=1. One can
then treat nondegenerate quark masses by expanding around the degenerate limit.
With additional assumptions on decoupling, the result can be extended to the
more interesting cases of nF=3, 2, or 1. A apparent paradox associated with the
one-flavor case is resolved. Coupled with some expected features of unrooted
staggered quarks in the continuum limit, in particular the restoration of taste
symmetry, schpt then implies that the fourth-root trick induces no problems
(for example, a violation of unitarity that persists in the continuum limit) in
the lowest energy sector of staggered lattice QCD. It also says that the theory
with staggered valence quarks and rooted staggered sea quarks behaves like a
simple, partially-quenched theory, not like a "mixed" theory in which sea and
valence quarks have different lattice actions. In most cases, the assumptions
made in this paper are not only sufficient but also necessary for the validity
of schpt, so that a variety of possible new routes for testing this validity
are opened.Comment: 39 pages, 3 figures. v3: minor changes: improved explanations and
less tentative discussion in several places; corresponds to published versio
Lattice Calculation of Heavy-Light Decay Constants with Two Flavors of Dynamical Quarks
We present results for , , , and their ratios in
the presence of two flavors of light sea quarks (). We use Wilson light
valence quarks and Wilson and static heavy valence quarks; the sea quarks are
simulated with staggered fermions. Additional quenched simulations with
nonperturbatively improved clover fermions allow us to improve our control of
the continuum extrapolation. For our central values the masses of the sea
quarks are not extrapolated to the physical , masses; that is, the
central values are "partially quenched." A calculation using "fat-link clover"
valence fermions is also discussed but is not included in our final results. We
find, for example,
MeV, , MeV, and , where in each case the first error is
statistical and the remaining three are systematic: the error within the
partially quenched approximation, the error due to the missing strange
sea quark and to partial quenching, and an estimate of the effects of chiral
logarithms at small quark mass. The last error, though quite significant in
decay constant ratios, appears to be smaller than has been recently suggested
by Kronfeld and Ryan, and Yamada. We emphasize, however, that as in other
lattice computations to date, the lattice quark masses are not very light
and chiral log effects may not be fully under control.Comment: Revised version includes an attempt to estimate the effects of chiral
logarithms at small quark mass; central values are unchanged but one more
systematic error has been added. Sections III E and V D are completely new;
some changes for clarity have also been made elsewhere. 82 pages; 32 figure
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