64/09/22 Judge Bernard Friedman\u27s Opinion in State v. Chilton and State v. Terry

In the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas, Judge Bernard Friedman drew a distinction between stop and frisk and search and seizure. This distinction was also recognized the U.S. Supreme Court in Terry v. Ohio. Judge Friedman wrote in his opinion: A search is primarily for the purpose of trying to obtain evidence in connection with the commission of a crime, that the police officer may reasonably believe that a crime has been committed or might be committed. A frisking is strictly for the protection of the officer\u27s person and his life. There was reasonable cause in this case for the officer, Detective McFadden, to approach these individuals and pat them. He approached them, and for his own protection frisked them. In drawing this distinction between stop and frisk and search and seizure, Judge Friedman cites these cases: People v. Rivera (14 N.Y.2d 441, 252 N.Y.S.2d 458, 201 N.E.2d 32 (1964), cert. denied 379 U.S. 978) and People v. Martin )46 Cal.2d 106 (1956); 293 P. 2d 52) and Ker v. California (374 U.S. 23 (1963)

Finding high-order analytic post-Newtonian parameters from a high-precision numerical self-force calculation

We present a novel analytic extraction of high-order post-Newtonian (pN) parameters that govern quasi-circular binary systems. Coefficients in the pN expansion of the energy of a binary system can be found from corresponding coefficients in an extreme-mass-ratio inspiral (EMRI) computation of the change $\Delta U$ in the redshift factor of a circular orbit at fixed angular velocity. Remarkably, by computing this essentially gauge-invariant quantity to accuracy greater than one part in $10^{225}$, and by assuming that a subset of pN coefficients are rational numbers or products of $\pi$ and a rational, we obtain the exact analytic coefficients. We find the previously unexpected result that the post-Newtonian expansion of $\Delta U$ (and of the change $\Delta\Omega$ in the angular velocity at fixed redshift factor) have conservative terms at half-integral pN order beginning with a 5.5 pN term. This implies the existence of a corresponding 5.5 pN term in the expansion of the energy of a binary system. Coefficients in the pN series that do not belong to the subset just described are obtained to accuracy better than 1 part in $10^{265-23n}$ at $n$th pN order. We work in a radiation gauge, finding the radiative part of the metric perturbation from the gauge-invariant Weyl scalar $\psi_0$ via a Hertz potential. We use mode-sum renormalization, and find high-order renormalization coefficients by matching a series in $L=\ell+1/2$ to the large-$L$ behavior of the expression for $\Delta U$. The non-radiative parts of the perturbed metric associated with changes in mass and angular momentum are calculated in the Schwarzschild gauge

Distributions of Family Hospital and Physician Expenses

The paper develops frequency distribution of annual health expense for a variety of family compositions. The basic data resource was a sample of claims for a large group of federal employees in 1977. The primary data were compared in several aspects against three other sources of reference data on expenses by the non-aged population; the comparisons were reassuring. The method of convolution is used to obtain family frequency distributions from the distribution for individual adults and children. This technique is necessary when the claims data do not record family com-position. In consequence, the results may not be nationally representative of households which are relatively large or affected by unemployment. Aside from this special reservation, the experience of the non-elderly federal employee families seems to be a useful resource for policy analysis.

Chiral Perturbation Theory in a Nuclear Background

We propose a novel way to formulate Chiral Perturbation Theory in a nuclear background, characterized by a static, non-uniform distribution of the baryon number that describes the finite nucleus. In the limiting case of a uniform distribution, the theory reduces to the well-known zero-temperature in-medium ChPT. The proposed approach is used to calculate the self-energy of the charged pion in the background of the heavy nucleus at O(p^5) in the chiral expansion, and to derive the leading terms of the pion-nucleus optical potential.Comment: 42 pages, Latex, 4 Postscript figure