1,938 research outputs found
64/09/22 Judge Bernard Friedman\u27s Opinion in State v. Chilton and State v. Terry
In the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas, Judge Bernard Friedman drew a distinction between stop and frisk and search and seizure. This distinction was also recognized the U.S. Supreme Court in Terry v. Ohio.
Judge Friedman wrote in his opinion:
A search is primarily for the purpose of trying to obtain evidence in connection with the commission of a crime, that the police officer may reasonably believe that a crime has been committed or might be committed.
A frisking is strictly for the protection of the officer\u27s person and his life. There was reasonable cause in this case for the officer, Detective McFadden, to approach these individuals and pat them. He approached them, and for his own protection frisked them.
In drawing this distinction between stop and frisk and search and seizure, Judge Friedman cites these cases: People v. Rivera (14 N.Y.2d 441, 252 N.Y.S.2d 458, 201 N.E.2d 32 (1964), cert. denied 379 U.S. 978) and People v. Martin )46 Cal.2d 106 (1956); 293 P. 2d 52) and Ker v. California (374 U.S. 23 (1963)
Finding high-order analytic post-Newtonian parameters from a high-precision numerical self-force calculation
We present a novel analytic extraction of high-order post-Newtonian (pN)
parameters that govern quasi-circular binary systems. Coefficients in the pN
expansion of the energy of a binary system can be found from corresponding
coefficients in an extreme-mass-ratio inspiral (EMRI) computation of the change
in the redshift factor of a circular orbit at fixed angular
velocity. Remarkably, by computing this essentially gauge-invariant quantity to
accuracy greater than one part in , and by assuming that a subset of
pN coefficients are rational numbers or products of and a rational, we
obtain the exact analytic coefficients. We find the previously unexpected
result that the post-Newtonian expansion of (and of the change
in the angular velocity at fixed redshift factor) have
conservative terms at half-integral pN order beginning with a 5.5 pN term. This
implies the existence of a corresponding 5.5 pN term in the expansion of the
energy of a binary system.
Coefficients in the pN series that do not belong to the subset just described
are obtained to accuracy better than 1 part in at th pN
order. We work in a radiation gauge, finding the radiative part of the metric
perturbation from the gauge-invariant Weyl scalar via a Hertz
potential. We use mode-sum renormalization, and find high-order renormalization
coefficients by matching a series in to the large- behavior of
the expression for . The non-radiative parts of the perturbed metric
associated with changes in mass and angular momentum are calculated in the
Schwarzschild gauge
Distributions of Family Hospital and Physician Expenses
The paper develops frequency distribution of annual health expense for a variety of family compositions. The basic data resource was a sample of claims for a large group of federal employees in 1977. The primary data were compared in several aspects against three other sources of reference data on expenses by the non-aged population; the comparisons were reassuring. The method of convolution is used to obtain family frequency distributions from the distribution for individual adults and children. This technique is necessary when the claims data do not record family com-position. In consequence, the results may not be nationally representative of households which are relatively large or affected by unemployment. Aside from this special reservation, the experience of the non-elderly federal employee families seems to be a useful resource for policy analysis.
Chiral Perturbation Theory in a Nuclear Background
We propose a novel way to formulate Chiral Perturbation Theory in a nuclear
background, characterized by a static, non-uniform distribution of the baryon
number that describes the finite nucleus. In the limiting case of a uniform
distribution, the theory reduces to the well-known zero-temperature in-medium
ChPT. The proposed approach is used to calculate the self-energy of the charged
pion in the background of the heavy nucleus at O(p^5) in the chiral expansion,
and to derive the leading terms of the pion-nucleus optical potential.Comment: 42 pages, Latex, 4 Postscript figure
- …