Attrition-enhanced total resolution leads to homochiral families of amino acid derivatives

The total resolution of five structurally similar racemizable amino acid derivatives, three of which have racemic crystal structures, was performed simultaneously. By enantioselective incorporation in an amino acid derivative that forms a conglomerate the other four were deracemized on attrition-induced grinding. The outcome of the resolution was random (R) or (S), but all compounds had the same absolute configuration and high enantiomeric purities.

Differences of Opinion and International Equity Markets

We develop an international financial market model in which domestic and foreign residents differ in their beliefs about the information content in public signals. We determine how informational advantages of domestic investors in the interpretation of home public signals affect equity markets. We evaluate the ability of our model to generate four international-finance anomalies: (i) the co-movement of returns and capital flows, (ii) home-equity preference, (iii) the dependence of firm returns on home and foreign factors, and (iv) abnormal returns around foreign firm cross-listing in the home market. Their relationships with empirical differences-of-opinion proxies are consistent with the model

REJECTION OF ASCITES TUMOR ALLOGRAFTS : II. A PATHWAY FOR CELL-MEDIATED TUMOR DESTRUCTION IN VITRO BY PERITONEAL EXUDATE LYMPHOID CELLS

A pathway for cell-mediated tumor destruction in vitro by immune peritoneal exudate lymphoid cells has been proposed. The union of lymphocytes and tumor cells precedes the formation of an intermediate phase leading to lysis. The initial interaction is only partially temperature dependent. The cytolytic process per se is highly temperature dependent, being negligible at 25°C but proceeding rapidly at 37°C. 51Cr release from tumor cells is demonstrable within 10 min at 37°C and can be reversibly arrested by cooling. Once initiated, lysis is largely independent of additional interactions and continues at almost full rate for 30 min. The effector cells are not lysed and appear to be free to enter into further effector cycles

The 3D gaming simulation for a real-world university experience

Article published in International Journal of Computer and Information TechnologyThis paper presents a gaming system which simulates the life of an ordinary University student. The University selected is Strathmore University. The simulation gives the player an idea of life experience in the University as it would be in the real world. In addition to simulating how various aspects affect student life, the simulation also acts as a good way of exploring the university without actually having to be there. Therefore one can learn a lot about the university at the comfort of their seats without suffering too much time expense whilst at the same time enjoying the experience of gameplay. To achieve the set goal Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology with Python scripting programming were used as to facilitate interactivity of the player. Blender 2.5 Beta software was used to model the virtual environment. This simulation would be great to both explorers, researchers, lecturers, parents, students and aspiring students alike among others. Many love the experience of gameplay whilst at the same time gaining other learning benefits, depending on the learning intentions of the individual player, for instance, knowing their way around the university.This paper presents a gaming system which simulates the life of an ordinary University student. The University selected is Strathmore University. The simulation gives the player an idea of life experience in the University as it would be in the real world. In addition to simulating how various aspects affect student life, the simulation also acts as a good way of exploring the university without actually having to be there. Therefore one can learn a lot about the university at the comfort of their seats without suffering too much time expense whilst at the same time enjoying the experience of gameplay. To achieve the set goal Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology with Python scripting programming were used as to facilitate interactivity of the player. Blender 2.5 Beta software was used to model the virtual environment. This simulation would be great to both explorers, researchers, lecturers, parents, students and aspiring students alike among others. Many love the experience of gameplay whilst at the same time gaining other learning benefits, depending on the learning intentions of the individual player, for instance, knowing their way around the university

REJECTION OF ASCITES TUMOR ALLOGRAFTS : I. ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN VITRO REACTIVITY OF PERITONEAL LYMPHOID EFFECTOR CELLS FROM BALB/c MICE IMMUNE TO EL4 LEUKOSIS

Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), obtained after the rejection of EL4 leukemia by BALB/c mice, are much more effective in the specific in vitro destruction of 51Cr-labeled EL4 cells than are spleen, thymus, lymph node, or peripheral blood lymphocytes. The presence of a large number of effector cells at the site of graft rejection is reflected in the potent cytolytic activity seen in vitro. Effector cells temporarily lose cytolytic reactivity when treated with trypsin but regain reactivity with time. This recovery occurs in normal as well as in immune serum. The destructive reactivity of PEC is increased when macrophages are removed. The remaining population of nonadherent PEC is composed primarily of small- to medium-sized lymphocytes. Complex tissue culture media are not needed, but there is a definite requirement for serum. The required serum component is heat stable, nondialyzable, and is not consumed during the reaction. The use of an ascites allograft system made these observations possible and permitted the isolation of those host cells intimately associated with rejection

Investigation of the Effects of Supercharging a Liquefied Petroleum Gas Engine

Mechanical Engineerin

Murine mesenchymal stem cells suppress dendritic cell migration, maturation and antigen presentation

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possess a wide range of immunosuppressive functions. Among these is the ability to inhibit CD4+ T cell proliferation. Dendritic cells (DC) play a role in initiating cell-mediated immunity; however, the immunosuppressive influence of MSC on professional antigen presenting cells remains unclear.DC exposed to TNF- and cultured with murine MSC failed to show regular upregulation of maturation markers. Similarly, the presence of MSC abrogated the capacity of ovalbumin-pulsed DC to support antigen specific CD4+ T cell proliferation, or for DC to display an MHC class II- peptide complex recognizable by specific antibody. Interestingly, culture of MSC with DC resulted in reduced expression of CCR7 by DC following stimulation. Likewise, DC matured in the presence of MSC, showed significantly less migration to CCL19. In contrast, murine MSC prevented loss of expression of the tissue anchoring protein E-cadherin by DC. Modulation of DC maturation and function was not permanent and could be restored after removal of MSC. These data demonstrate that MSC modulate the three cardinal features of DC maturation, providing the first demonstration of MSC interference with DC migratio