On mathematical models for Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices (expanded version)

Our aim is to analyze the various energy functionals appearing in the physics literature and describing the behavior of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice. We want to justify the use of some reduced models. For that purpose, we will use the semi-classical analysis developed for linear problems related to the Schr\"odinger operator with periodic potential or multiple wells potentials. We justify, in some asymptotic regimes, the reduction to low dimensional problems and analyze the reduced problems

IRANCARTO : Diffuser l'information spatiale pour analyser des questions controversées

International audienceSince 1966, the Statistical Center of Iran publishes very detailed data at detailed scales (villages neighborhoods), but these data have rarely been analyzed from a geographical point of view. The common discourse about the territory is dominated by a discourse assimilating territory with ethnicity, or social categories. These images of the 1950s are challenged by migration and socio-political changes. The public and even the analysts often hide or ignore the new shapes of territories which are a major challenge for a better understanding of the current geography of Iran and of the new conflicts or synergies. The website Irancarto open in October 2011 (CNRS Research team " Iranian and Indian Worlds " , Paris) provides the maps available (Atlas and various studies), and seeks to facilitate scientific exchange and international collaborations, especially Iranian researchers, in order to involve with more efficiency the territories in the debates. This presentation introduces the new trilingual web site Irancarto (English, French, Persian), and some examples the role of spatial analysis to understand controversial political events (electoral geography) or new social realities (demographic opposition center / periphery, the emerging suburbs).Depuis 1966 le Centre de Statistique d'Iran publie des informations très détaillées à des échelles fines (villages quartiers), mais ces données ont rarement été analysées du point de vue géographique. Le discours public sur le territoire est dominé par une doxa assimilant un territoire à une ethnie, ou à des catégories sociales. Ces images des années 1950 sont remises en cause par les migrations et changements sociaux-politiques. Le public et même les analystes ignorent ou occultent les recompositions spatiales dont la connaissance constitue pourtant un enjeu pour accéder à une connaissance rationnelle de la géographie actuelle de l'Iran et comprendre les nouveaux conflits ou synergies. Le site internet Irancarto ouvert en octobre 2011 (CNRS UMR Mondes Iranien et indien, Paris) diffuse les cartes disponibles (réédition d'Atlas et diverses études), et surtout cherche à faciliter les échanges scientifiques et collaborations internationales notamment avec les chercheurs iraniens, pour mieux intégrer l'analyse des territoires dans les débats en cours. La communication présentera notamment Irancarto et quelques exemples des apports et enjeux de l'analyse spatiale à la compréhension de faits politiques (géographie électorale) ou nouvelles réalités sociales controversées (opposition démographique centre/périphérie, émergence des banlieues…)

Impact de l’organisation sur la définition d’une profession au sein du SAMU : le cas des assistants de régulation médicale

National audienceWithin the Emergency Medical Service (EMS), Medical Regulation Assistant (MRA) are in the front line when it comes to managing emergencies. MRA is the first point of contact to take charge of callers. This feature, in the heart of the functioning and prerogatives of EMS is at the crossroads of medical emergency services in the covered area. Even if the objectives and prerogatives of MRA are set nationally, it appears that the skills and responsibilities associated with this function may vary from one region to another and from one EMS to another. In our work, we propose to question the ARM professionalization process by conducting an ethnographic survey and interviews within the EMS from the Arras Hospital. It will highlight the process by which MRA build their own skills and knowledge. We also show that this improving professionalism is literally described in the documents produced by the sector. Furthermore, professionalism requires constant adaptation to the technical, organizational and territorial constraints. This issue is being addressed in the EQU 2 project (Ethics, Quality, Emergency) which is a collaboration of two laboratories (GERIICO and STL, University of Lille) and the EMS from the Arras Hospital.Au sein du SAMU, les assistants de régulation médicale (ARM) sont en première ligne lorsqu’il est question de gérer les urgences. L’ARM est le premier interlocuteur à prendre en charge les appelants. Cette fonction, au cœur du fonctionnement et des prérogatives du SAMU est donc au carrefour des services de prise en charge médicale d’urgence de la zone couverte. Si les objectifs et les prérogatives des ARM sont définies nationalement, il s’avère que les compétences et les responsabilités associées à cette fonction peuvent varier d’une région à l’autre, d’un SAMU à l’autre. Dans le cadre de nos travaux, nous proposons de questionner le processus de professionnalisation des ARM en menant une enquête ethnographique et des entretiens au sein du SAMU du centre hospitalier D’Arras. Dans cet article, il s’agira de mettre en lumière le processus par lequel les ARM construisent eux-mêmes des compétences et des savoirs. Nous montrerons également que cette professionnalisation, qui s’inscrit textuellement dans les documents produits par le secteur, nécessite une constante adaptation aux contraintes techniques, territoriales et organisationnelles. Cette analyse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet EQU 2 (Éthique, Qualité, Urgence) faisant collaborer les laboratoires GERiiCO (Sciences de l’information et de la communication ; Université de Lille) et STL (Savoirs, Textes, Langage ; Université de Lille) ainsi que le SAMU du Centre Hospitalier d’Arras

Automatic activies of the spinal cord concerned with the respiratory movements

1. After spinal transection at the medulla-spinal junction the thoracic respiratory movements no longer appear in the adult animals, nevertheless the sporadic spike discharges can be recorded from the intercostal muscles. 2. Both in the acute and chronic experiments the spinal cord is transected at the two levels of Th7 and Thl1 respectively and all the dorsal rootlets coming into that part of the cord lying between the transections are severed. The sporadic spike discharges with irregular intervals varying about 0.5 to 3.0 sec. can be recorded from intercostal muscles in the 8th to 10th segments of the spinal cord isolated. There can never be found any reflex influence of the skin stimulation upon the discharges, which also disappear provided the intercostal nerves innervating the muscles are severed. 3. From these results it may be concluded that the spinal cord is endowed with an ability to initiate the impulses autochthonously to excite the intercostal muscles, even though it is only poorly developed in the adult animals.</p

PPARγ ligands switched high fat diet-induced macrophage M2b polarization toward M2a thereby improving intestinal Candida elimination.

International audienceObesity is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation that predisposes to insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. In this metabolic context, gastrointestinal (GI) candidiasis is common. We recently demonstrated that the PPARγ ligand rosiglitazone promotes the clearance of Candida albicans through the activation of alternative M2 macrophage polarization. Here, we evaluated the impact of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and the effect of rosiglitazone (PPARγ ligand) or WY14643 (PPARα ligand) both on the phenotypic M1/M2 polarization of peritoneal and cecal tissue macrophages and on the outcome of GI candidiasis. We demonstrated that the peritoneal macrophages and the cell types present in the cecal tissue from HF fed mice present a M2b polarization (TNF-α(high), IL-10(high), MR, Dectin-1). Interestingly, rosiglitazone induces a phenotypic M2b-to-M2a (TNF-α(low), IL-10(low), MR(high), Dectin-1(high)) switch of peritoneal macrophages and of the cells present in the cecal tissue. The incapacity of WY14643 to switch this polarization toward M2a state, strongly suggests the specific involvement of PPARγ in this mechanism. We showed that in insulin resistant mice, M2b polarization of macrophages present on the site of infection is associated with an increased susceptibility to GI candidiasis, whereas M2a polarization after rosiglitazone treatment favours the GI fungal elimination independently of reduced blood glucose. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a dual benefit of PPARγ ligands because they promote mucosal defence mechanisms against GI candidiasis through M2a macrophage polarization while regulating blood glucose level