Algebraic theory of endohedrally confined diatomic molecules: application to H2_2@C60_{60}

A simple and yet powerful approach for modeling the structure of endohedrally confined diatomic molecules is introduced. The theory, based on a u(4)+u(3) dynamical algebra, combines u(4), the vibron model dynamical algebra, with a u(3) dynamical algebra that models a spherically symmetric three dimensional potential. The first algebra encompasses the internal roto-vibrations degrees of freedom of the molecule, while the second takes into account the confined molecule center-of-mass degrees of freedom. A resulting subalgebra chain is connected to the underlying physics and the model is applied to the prototypical case of H2 caged in a fullerene molecule. The spectrum of the supramolecular complex H2@C60 is described with a few parameters and predictions for not yet detected levels are made. Our fits suggest that the quantum numbers of a few lines should be reassigned to obtain better agreement with data.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures plus 4 pages of supplemental material. Accepted for publication in Physical Review

Molecular Mechanisms Used by Salmonella to Evade the Immune System

Human and animal pathogens are able to circumvent, at least temporarily, the sophisticated immune defenses of their hosts. Several serovars of the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica have been used as models for the study of pathogen-host interactions. In this review we discuss the strategies used by Salmonella to evade or manipulate three levels of host immune defenses: physical barriers, innate immunity and adaptive immunity. During its passage through the digestive system, Salmonella has to face the acidic pH of the stomach, bile and antimicrobial peptides in the intestine, as well as the competition with resident microbiota. After host cell invasion, Salmonella manipulates inflammatory pathways and the autophagy process. Finally, Salmonella evades the adaptive immune system by interacting with dendritic cells, and T and B lymphocytes. Mechanisms allowing the establishment of persistent infections are also discussed.European Regional Development Fund SAF2013-46229-R, SAF2016-75365-

Interior missions and social change in Franco’s Spain. A vision through the missionary activity of the Asesoría Eclesiástica de Sindicatos

El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar el impacto religioso y social de las misiones que la Asesoría Eclesiástica de Sindicatos llevó a cabo en España entre 1949 y 1972. Para ello, analizaremos cinco aspectos fundamentales. Primeramente, estudiaremos los esfuerzos realizados por los misioneros para localizar a personas no bautizadas o que no hubiesen recibido la primera comunión, con la finalidad de administrarles tales sacramentos. En segundo lugar, analizaremos el uso de las misiones como instrumento para lograr una restauración de la moral. En tercer lugar, expondremos las dificultades que el mensaje misional encontró para adaptarse a los cambios sociales y culturales derivados del crecimiento económico de la década de 1960. En cuarto lugar, subrayaremos los obstáculos que los misioneros encontraron para lograr que su mensaje fuera escuchado por la clase obrera y enfatizaremos la persistencia de fenómenos de «oposición a la misión». Y en quinto y último lugar, realizaremos una evaluación de los datos de asistencia a algunas misiones, como forma de determinar hasta qué punto éstas produjeron una verdadera recatolización. En conjunto, estos cinco aspectos pretenden constituir una aportación significativa al estudio de las misiones interiores en la España de la época de Franco.The aim of this article is to assess the religious and social impact of the missions that the Asesoría Eclesiástica de Sindicatos carried out in Spain from 1949 until 1972. To that end, we will focus on five key aspects. Firstly, we will study the missionaries’effort to find people who had not been baptized or who had not made their First Communion, with the intention of administering them those sacraments. Secondly, we will analyse the use of the missions as an instrument for the restoration of morality. In third place, we will expose the difficulties that the missionaries’ message found to adapt itself to the social and cultural changes derived from the 1960s economic growth. In fourth place, we will underline the obstacles that the missionaries found to get their message heard by the working class and we will emphasize the persistence of cases of «opposition to the mission». And finally, we will assess the data of attendance to some missions, in order to discuss to what extent they produced an effective re-Catholicization. On the whole, these five aspects intend to make a significant contribution to the study of interior missions in Spain during the Franco regime

Restoring God’s People in Francoist Spain. The Missions of the Asesoría Eclesiástica de Sindicatos, 1949-1972

Entre 1949 y 1972 la Asesoría Eclesiástica de Sindicatos llevó a cabo misiones periódicas en gran parte del territorio español con la finalidad de contribuir al proceso de recatolización que la jerarquía eclesiástica española había puesto en marcha tras la Guerra Civil. Estas misiones incorporaban un repertorio de actos religiosos de clara raigambre barroca cuya finalidad era lograr una identificación unánime entre la población y la Iglesia católica. No obstante, el análisis de los datos de asistencia a las misiones revela que éstas, más que generar una auténtica recatolización, sirvieron para reafirmar modelos de comportamiento religioso preexistentes.Between 1949 and 1972 the Asesoría Eclesiástica de Sindicatos carried out regular missions in most of the Spanish territory with the aim of contributing to the process of re-catholization that the Spanish ecclesiastical hierarchy had launched after the Civil War. These missions incorporated a repertoire of religious events which showed a clear Baroque root and whose purpose was to achieve the population’s full identification with the Catholic Church. Nevertheless, an analysis of the missions attendance data reveals that this strategy did not achieve an authentic re-catholization, but rather served to reaffirm previously existing models of religious behaviour