Mapping exchange in relativistic Hartree-Fock

We show that formally for the standard ansatz relativistic point-coupling mean-field (RMF-PC) model a lagrangian density L is not equivalent in Hartree and Hartree-Fock approximations. The equivalency can be achieved only if we use a ``complete'' ansatz at the cost of introducing new parameters in the model. An approximate treatment of the exchange terms from standard RMF-PC indicates that these effects cannot be easily, if at all, absorbed by a Dirac-Hartree approximation.Comment: 26 pages, accepted for publication in annals of physic

The time-dependent relativistic mean-field theory and the random phase approximation

The Relativistic Random Phase Approximation (RRPA) is derived from the Time-dependent Relativistic Mean Field (TD RMF) theory in the limit of small amplitude oscillations. In the no-sea approximation of the RMF theory, the RRPA configuration space includes not only the usual particle-hole states, but also a-h configurations, i.e. pairs formed from occupied states in the Fermi sea and empty negative-energy states in the Dirac sea. The contribution of the negative energy states to the RRPA matrices is examined in a schematic model, and the large effect of Dirac sea states on isoscalar strength distributions is illustrated for the giant monopole resonance in 116Sn. It is shown that, because the matrix elements of the time-like component of the vector meson fields which couple the a-h configurations with the ph-configurations are strongly reduced with respect to the corresponding matrix elements of the isoscalar scalar meson field, the inclusion of states with unperturbed energies more than 1.2 GeV below the Fermi energy has a pronounced effect on giant resonances with excitation energies in the MeV region. The influence of nuclear magnetism, i.e. the effect of the spatial components of the vector fields is examined, and the difference between the non-relativistic and relativistic RPA predictions for the nuclear matter compression modulus is explained.Comment: 21 pages,2 figures, Nucl.Phys.A in pres

Graphite flake self-retraction response based on potential seeking

The high elastic modulus and interlayer strengths of graphite flakes make them a durable solid superlubricant. Apart from this, they have configurable electrical properties, exhibit quantum Hall effects, and possess a myriad of useful photonic properties. The self-retraction behavior of graphite flakes can have significant impact on the creation of ordered stacks for various applications because any accidental or intentional displacement of the top flake over the stacks below may result in a misalignment of the carbon-carbon atomic arrangement which, in turn, can have influence over the electrical and photonic properties. It has also been revealed that there was a tendency of the displaced microflake to fail at times to return to its original starting position and orientation. Here, we elucidate this behavior by considering the influence of the interlayer potential forces based on minimal potential energy seeking. The maps of the parameters interrogated here provide the ability for precautions to be undertaken. They also potentially permit the creation of an array of microflake stacks in which the metastable states permit different information to be encoded by virtue of the differentiated photonic or electrical characteristics readable from each array site

RFID READER TIPE ID-40 DAN ID-20 DAN KANAL RS-232 MENGGUNAKAN IC-MAX232 SEBAGAI INPUT DATA PADA SISTEM MONITORING KEBERADAAN DOSEN

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an identification technology based on radio waves. This technology is able to identify various objects simultaneously without requiring direct contact. The system covers the application read the tag card, authentication data and update data on the presence of faculty spaces in the campus area. RFID reader used is an ID-40 and ID-20. The result of this reading of the RFID reader in the form of code data as controller input from the control (micro controller). System testing is done by using three pieces of ID-40 and one ID-20 which is connected to the microcontroller ATMEGA162. Will then be displayed on the LCD display monitor. For this device interface unit is required channel RS-232 serial data as a bridge to the input data is successfully received by the micro controller. IC-MAX232 become tools to interface between devices. Expected when the system is applied to the process of monitoring the existence of this faculty will be more easily and efficiently

A continuing evaluation of the performance of De La Salle University examinees in the CPA Licensure examination for the period May 1994 to October 1995

A yardstick used in measuring students\u27 and graduates\u27 performance is the rating in the CPA Licensure Examination. This licensure examination is given twice a year, one in May and another in October. This study sought to determine the performance of De La Salle University examinees in the CPA Licensure Examination for the period May 1994 to October 1995

The high costs of medicines: Can we bring them down?

Accountancy Department faculty member, Helen Bernados delivered a lounge lecture on The High Costs of Medicines: Can We Bring Them Down? to business and economics faculty and students

How Do People Decide on Getting Vaccinated? Evaluating the COVID-19 Vaccination Program through the Lens of Social Capital Theory

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted economies at a scale unprecedented in recent history, and vaccination is deemed the only option to ultimately halt its spread. However, vaccine hesitancy remains a global issue that must be addressed. If left unaddressed, it will impede the recovery of both the economy and public health following the pandemic. To better understand the issue, on the premise that individuals have layers of social ties to achieve common goals, social capital theory is proposed to examine the social connections associated with vaccine acceptance. A case study of the Republic of the Philippines’ vaccination program, in the form of an online survey involving 430 participants, was conducted using logistic binomial regression to analyze the data. Findings reveal that people’s vaccination decisions are influenced by their perceptions of their social ties regarding the vaccines, such as the perceptions one’s social ties’ trust in the vaccines, safety of use, benefits vaccines can offer, the role of media in information dissemination, and the influence of social networks. Insights regarding these findings are also discussed

The disclosure of social and environmental activities in financial statements and non-financial reports of selected manufacturing firms among the top 500 corporations in the Philippines

Corporate social responsibility recognizes that business firms have different kinds of responsibility - economic, legal and social. Business firms should not only be responsible to owners or stockholders but also to the different stakeholders. The study attempted to determine the social and environmental activities engaged by selected manufacturing firms in the Top 500 Corporations and how they were disclosed in financial statements and non-financial reports. Results of the study showed that disclosure of social and environmental activities is more qualitative rather than quantitative in nature. Sample firms disclosed their involvement in social and environmental activities in company website and non-financial reports like newsletter, social report, environmental report and the like. They called the social report by different names. Very little disclosure was made in the annual reports. Social and environmental involvements were included in the message to stockholders and were included in a separate body within the annual report. Disclosure was never found in the body of audited financial statements but in Notes to Financial Statements. Only disclosure about the retirement benefits of employees and stock option plan was shown. There were ten different types of involvement in social responsibility where sample firms are involved in. Giving donations and charitable contributions providing community development programs and providing medical, dental and healthcare to non-employees were the social activities they engaged most. They had the least involvement in providing sports and recreation programs to outsiders or non-employees. There were five different types of involvement in environmental concern. Most involvement was in the form of waste management environmental protection, preservation and rehabilitation and environmental awareness campaign. They had the least involvement in energy conservation. Sample firms engaged in social and environmental activities even when they incurred losses or when they had a negative capital. They also engaged in social and environmental activities no matter what amount of revenue earned and amount of assets owned. The involvement of firms in social activities was significantly different with their involvement in environmental activities. Among the independent variables, gross revenue was found to have the most significant positive correlation with social activities and environmental activities based on the statistical tests done and therefore had the most explanatory influence on both activities. Total assets, on the other hand, showed no significant positive relationship both to social and environmental activities and therefore did not have an explanatory power to predict them. Business firms were aware that they have responsibility to the different stakeholders. It is important that these activities are disclosed and the cost of doing these activities are recorded because they are very much part of the business operations. In order to encourage corporate social responsibility and environmental concern among firms, the following are recommended: (1) to disclose and include social and environmental activities in the audited financial statements in quantitative and narrative form (2) to show the cost incurred in doing social and environmental activities in the Income Statement as one of the operating expenses and use a distinctive account title like Cost of social activities. Cost of environmental activities and the like (3) to show the cash outflow of doing social and environmental activities in the Statement of Cash Flow more particularly among the cash flows from operating expenses (4) to include the social and environmental activities among the Notes Accompanying Financial Statements in quantitative and narrative form (5) to design a supplementary report depicting the social and environmental activities and call the report by a common name like Social Report (6) to include social responsibility accounting in the statement of management\u27s responsibility for financial statement (7) to use gross revenue as a basis in the preparation of the budget since it is the independent variable that is most closely correlated to social and environmental activities and (8) to undertake a research using another type of industry to determine if findings will be the same across industries