Early versus late enteral nutrition in intensive care units. Analysis of results

Introduction: Malnutrition is particularly prevalent in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and associated with poor clinical outcomes. Enteral nutrition (EN) has multiple benefits in critically ill patients, particularly when started early at the ICU. A series of studies corroborate this fact; however, other studies present conflicting results. Objective: To assess the clinical results of ICU patients receiving EN, according to EN starting time (early versus late). Patients and method: Basic variables were recorded in all ICU patients who received NE along the study period, as well as time from ICU admission to the start of EN, ICU length of stay, characteristic gastrointestinal complications of EN (gastric residue, constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, regurgitation, abdominal distension and bronchoaspiration) and mortality. Results: There was a significant association between early EN and mortality reduction. However, there were no differences in ICU length of stay according to EN starting time. The most frequent complications in the sample were high gastric residue (17.9%), abdominal distension (22.5%) and constipation (42.2%). However, no significant differences were observed as a function of the EN starting time. Discussion: Our results, although discrepant at times, do not contradict with those of other studies. EN has shown to be effective as a therapeutic strategy. Therefore, it is recommended the early start of EN in the ICU

Obesity and personality characteristics in adolescents from Argentina and Spain: A cross-cultural study / Obesidad y características de personalidad en adolescentes de Argentina y España: Un estudio transcultural

Abstract The objectives of this study were: 1. To compare the presence of overweight and obesity in adolescents from Argentina vs. Spain, 2. To compare personality according to nutritional diagnosis (ND) and place of residence (PR), and 3. To identify the presence of psychopathological risk (PR). A total of 272 adolescents, men and women from 11 to 16 years completed the Personality Questionnaire for Children of Eysenck (EPQ-J) and body mass index was calculated through height and weight measures. The 39% of the Spanish adolescents and 43% of the Argentinians presented overweight or obesity, two clinical groups were formed, one per country and both control groups were constituted by the normal weight participants. The combination of the variables ND and PR did not show significant differences in terms of personality dimensions. However, both clinical groups presented greater neuroticism (NE) than their control peers. Regarding the PR, the Argentine adolescents registered higher NE and emotional hardness (4% of high risk) than 3% of high risk of NE in the Spanish. The data obtained did not allow to establish a psychopathological profile of the overweight or obese adolescent, this is because the influence of the country of origin prevalled. Resumen Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1. Comparar la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes de Argentina vs. España, 2. Comparar la personalidad según diagnóstico nutricional (DN) y lugar de residencia (LR), y 3. Identificar la presencia de riesgo psicopatológico (RP). Participaron 272 adolescentes, hombres y mujeres, de 11-16 años de edad, quienes completaron el Cuestionario de Personalidad para Niños de Eysenck (EPQ-J) y, para calcular el índice de masa corporal, fueron recabadas medidas de talla y peso. Presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad 39% de los adolescentes españoles y 43% de los argentinos, con quienes se conformaron dos grupos clínicos, uno por país; mientras que ambos grupos control estuvieron constituidos por los participantes normopeso. La combinación de las variables DN y LR no arrojó diferencias significativas en cuanto a las dimensiones de personalidad. Sin embargo, ambos grupos clínicos presentaron mayor neuroticismo (NE) que sus pares control. Respecto al LR, los adolescentes argentinos registraron mayor NE y dureza emocional (4% de alto riesgo) vs.3% de alto riesgo por NE en los españoles. Los datos obtenidos no permitieron establecer un perfil psicopatológico del adolescente con sobrepeso u obesidad, dado que prevaleció la influencia del país de procedencia

Sleep hours and nutritional habits against overweight in adolescents: Spain versus Argentina

Introducción: La prevalencia de la obesidad entre los adolescentes ha aumentado con el paso de los años, lo que supone un reto en salud pública.Objetivo: Determinar el grado de asociación de las horas de sueño y los hábitos alimentarios como factores determinantes de la obesidad enadolescentes de un país europeo y otro sudamericano. Materiales y métodos: Se estudió la duración del sueño, la adherencia a la dieta mediterráneamediante el índice KIDMED, los hábitos alimentarios y el estudio de antropometría para la composición corporal de 272 adolescentes. Resultados:De los 272 adolescentes, 164 eran españoles y 108 argentinos, con edades entre los 11-16 años. El 42% de la muestra argentina presentaba excesoponderal, el 53,3% normopeso y el 4,8% bajo peso. En España, el 39% sobrepeso u obesidad, el 54,3% normopeso y el 6,7% bajo peso. La muestraespañola presentaba mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Con respecto a la duración del sueño, se reflejaron diferencias significativas: un 18%de la muestra adolescente española y un 57% de Argentina llegaba a dormir 8h diarias. No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entrelas horas de sueño y la nutrición sobre el sobrepeso u obesidad de los adolescentes. Aquellos adolescentes que seguían unos hábitos alimentarios máscercanos a la Dieta Mediterránea presentaban mejores valores de IMC. Conclusiones: En general, los adolescentes argentinos tenían peores hábitosalimentarios y mayor exceso ponderal que la muestra española.Introduction: Obesity in adolescence has been increasing over the years, which is a challenge in public health. Objective: To determine the association degree of sleep and eating habits as determinants of obesity in adolescents in a European and South American country. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a sample of 272 adolescents, 164 Spanish and 108 Argentines, aged 11-16 years. Sleep duration, adherence to the Mediterranean diet by KIDMED index, eating habits and anthropometry study for body composition was studied. Results: 42% of Argentina’s sample had excess weight, 53.3% normal weight and 4.8% underweight. In Spain, 39% was overweight or obese, 54.3% normal weight and 6.7% underweight. The Spanish sample had better adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Regarding sleep duration, significant differences were reflected: 18% of Spanish adolescents and 57% of Argentines came to sleep 8 hours a day. No statistically significant relationship between hours of sleep and nutrition in overweight or obese adolescents was found. Those who were closest to a Mediterranean diet eating habits had better BMI values. Conclusions: In general, Argentine teenagers had worse eating habits and greater excess weight than Spanish sample.Fil: San Mauro Martín, Ismael. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; EspañaFil: Paredes Barato, Víctor. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; EspañaFil: Lacunza, Ana Betina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Garicano Vilar, Elena. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; EspañaFil: Brasero Escolano, Silvia. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; EspañaFil: Sal, Francisco Javier. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Molina,Paula. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; EspañaFil: Cordobés Rol, Marta. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; EspañaFil: Bermejo de las Heras, Sara. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; EspañaFil: León, Joana. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; EspañaFil: Ciudad Cabañas, María José. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Caballero, Silvina Valeria. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Salazar Burgos, Ramiro Joaquín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Collado Yurrita, Luis. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Españ

Propuesta de mejora del Sistema Interno de Garantía de Calidad de la Facultad de Medicina

La garantía de calidad en el ámbito universitario puede considerarse como la atención sistemática, estructurada y continua a las titulaciones ofertadas. La garantía de calidad se compromete a poner en marcha los medios que aseguren y demuestren la calidad de los programas formativos que se desarrollan en cada una de las titulaciones ofrecidas por la Universidad y así cumplir con la obligación que tiene con la sociedad. El presente proyecto nace como fruto de la responsabilidad adquirida para el cumplimiento de las funciones encomendadas y, con el objetivo de seguir adoptando una estrategia de mejora continua de la calidad de la docencia y satisfacción de los colectivos implicados en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje (Profesorado, Estudiantes y PAS)

Obesidad y características de personalidad en adolescentes de Argentina y España: Un estudio transcultural

The objectives of this study were: 1. To compare the presence of overweight and obesity in adolescents from Argentina vs. Spain, 2. To compare personality according to nutritional diagnosis (ND) and place of residence (PR), and 3. To identify the presence of psychopathological risk (PR). A total of 272 adolescents, men and women from 11 to 16 years completed the Personality Questionnaire for Children of Eysenck (EPQ-J) and body mass index was calculated through height and weight measures. The 39% of the Spanish adolescents and 43% of the Argentinians presented overweight or obesity, two clinical groups were formed, one per country and both control groups were constituted by the normal weight participants. The combination of the variables ND and PR did not show significant differences in terms of personality dimensions. However, both clinical groups presented greater neuroticism (NE) than their control peers. Regarding the PR, the Argentine adolescents registered higher NE and emotional hardness (4% of high risk) than 3% of high risk of NE in the Spanish. The data obtained did not allow to establish a psychopathological profile of the overweight or obese adolescent, this is because the influence of the country of origin prevalledLos objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1. Comparar la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes de Argentina vs. España, 2. Comparar la personalidad según diagnóstico nutricional (DN) y lugar de residencia (LR), y 3. Identificar la presencia de riesgo psicopatológico (RP). Participaron 272 adolescentes, hombres y mujeres, de 11-16 años de edad, quienes completaron el Cuestionario de Personalidad para Niños de Eysenck (EPQ-J) y, para calcular el índice de masa corporal, fueron recabadas medidas de talla y peso. Presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad 39% de los adolescentes españoles y 43% de los argentinos, con quienes se conformaron dos grupos clínicos, uno por país; mientras que ambos grupos control estuvieron constituidos por los participantes normopeso. La combinación de las variables DN y LR no arrojó diferencias significativas en cuanto a las dimensiones de personalidad. Sin embargo, ambos grupos clínicos presentaron mayor neuroticismo (NE) que sus pares control. Respecto al LR, los adolescentes argentinos registraron mayor NE y dureza emocional (4% de alto riesgo) vs.3% de alto riesgo por NE en los españoles. Los datos obtenidos no permitieron establecer un perfil psicopatológico del adolescente con sobrepeso u obesidad, dado que prevaleció la influencia del país de procedencia

Phenotypic changes of HER2-positive breast cancer during and after dual HER2 blockade

The HER2-enriched (HER2-E) subtype within HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer is highly addicted to the HER2 pathway. However, ∼20-60% of HER2+/HER2-E tumors do not achieve a complete response following anti-HER2 therapies. Here we evaluate gene expression data before, during and after neoadjuvant treatment with lapatinib and trastu- zumab in HER2+/HER2-E tumors of the PAMELA trial and breast cancer cell lines. Our results reveal that dual HER2 blockade in HER2-E disease induces a low-proliferative Luminal A phenotype both in patient's tumors and in vitro models. These biological changes are more evident in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) disease compared to HR-negative disease. Interestingly, increasing the luminal phenotype with anti-HER2 therapy increased sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibition. Finally, discontinuation of HER2-targeted therapy in vitro, or acquired resistance to anti-HER2 therapy, leads to restoration of the original HER2-E phenotype. Our findings support the use of maintenance anti-HER2 therapy and the therapeutic exploitation of subtype switching with CDK4/6 inhibition

Sleep hours and nutritional habits against overweight in adolescents: Spain versus Argentina

Introduction: Obesity in adolescence has been increasing over the years, which is a challenge in public health. Objective: To determine the association degree of sleep and eating habits as determinants of obesity in adolescents in a European and South American country. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a sample of 272 adolescents, 164 Spanish and 108 Argentines, aged 11-16 years. Sleep duration, adherence to the Mediterranean diet by KIDMED index, eating habits and anthropometry study for body composition was studied. Results: 42% of Argentina’s sample had excess weight, 53.3% normal weight and 4.8% underweight. In Spain, 39% was overweight or obese, 54.3% normal weight and 6.7% underweight. The Spanish sample had better adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Regarding sleep duration, significant differences were reflected: 18% of Spanish adolescents and 57% of Argentines came to sleep 8 hours a day. No statistically significant relationship between hours of sleep and nutrition in overweight or obese adolescents was found. Those who were closest to a Mediterranean diet eating habits had better BMI values. Conclusions: In general, Argentine teenagers had worse eating habits and greater excess weight than Spanish sample

Overall survival in the OlympiA phase III trial of adjuvant olaparib in patients with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 and high-risk, early breast cancer

International audienc