Dependence of field-aligned electron precipitation on season, altitude and pitch angle

The occurrence of field-aligned 2.3 keV electron precipitation was examined by using data from more than 7500 orbits of the polar-orbiting satellite, OGO-4. The frequency of occurrence of field aligned precipitation was highest at actual pitch angles between 7 and 10 deg, being highest in the winter months, at highest satellite altitudes. Acceleration by a localized parallel electric field established by electrostatic charge layers is proposed to explain particle observations

Protons as the prime contributors to the storm time ring current

Following a large magnetic storm (17 June 1972), Explorer 45 measured the equatorial particle populations and magnetic field. Using data obtained during the symmetic recovery phase, it is shown that through a series of self-consistent calculations, the measured protons with energies from 1 to 872 keV, can account for the observed ring current magnetic effects within experimental uncertainities. This enables an upper limit to be set for the heavy ion contribution to the storm time ring current

Cancellation of probe effects in measurements of spin polarized momentum density by electron positron annihilation

Measurements of the two dimensional angular correlation of the electron-positron annihilation radiation have been done in the past to detect the momentum spin density and the Fermi surface. We point out that the momentum spin density and the Fermi Surface of ferromagnetic metals can be revealed within great detail owing to the large cancellation of the electron-positron matrix elements which in paramagnetic multiatomic systems plague the interpretation of the experiments. We prove our conjecture by calculating the momentum spin density and the Fermi surface of the half metal CrO2, who has received large attention due to its possible applications as spintronics material

Street Code Adherence, Callous-Unemotional Traits and the Capacity of Violent Offending versus Non-Offending Urban Youth to Mentalize About Disrespect Murder

National statistics are not available on the proportion of violent juvenile offenses driven by the experience of being disrespected. However, the New York Police Department estimates that about 40% of the city\u27s shootings involve members of violent crews of 12 to 20 year olds with most of this gun violence driven by incidents of disrespect. Mentalization, defined as the ability to envision mental states (i.e., feelings, beliefs and intentions) in oneself and others, is viewed as underlying affect regulation, impulse control, self-monitoring, and the experience of self-agency, all of which are implicated in interpersonal violence (Fonagy, Gergely, Jurist, & Target, 2002). From a developmental psychodynamic perspective, the capacity to mentalize is seen as developing within the context of secure early attachment relationships via the process of caregiver affect attunement (Fonagy et al., 2002; Stern, 1985; Winnicott, 1963) with further scaffolding optimally provided by secure social contexts such as school and the wider socio-cultural environment (Twemlow, 2003). This mixed-methods pilot study investigated the extent and nature of breakdowns in mentalization in the context of street violence in a community sample (N = 18) of violent offending versus non-offending male adolescents from low-income New York City neighborhoods and the degree to which these breakdowns are shaped by level of street code adherence and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Secondary analyses examined the relationship of CU traits with street code adherence and with the capacity to mentalize in the context of attachment relationships given the limited investigation of social-cultural and relational factors that may shape the development of CU traits. Self-report measures assessed participants\u27 level of street code adherence, CU traits and the capacity to mentalize in attachment relationships. Mentalizing capacity in the context of street violence was assessed through a semi-structured interview using movie clips of disrespect murders involving teenaged perpetrators that was coded for level of reflective function by an independent rater as well as analyzed qualitatively. Violent offenders presented with significantly lower overall mentalizing capacities (M = 3.30, SD = .67) than controls (M = 4.19, SD = .88), t (df) = -2.41, p = .03) in the context of street violence. Qualitatively, violent offenders exhibited more frequent and extensive breakdowns than controls when called upon to mentalize both the perpetrators\u27 and victims\u27 experiences ranging from a more limited affective repertoire to the complete collapse of mentalization and greater defensive distancing (e.g., yawning). A higher level of street code adherence was found to be moderately related to a lower capacity to mentalize in the context of street violence. A medium effect size was found for the relationship between higher levels of CU traits and lower capacity to mentalize the victim\u27s (though not the perpetrators) experience. While this latter finding was not statistically significant it is suggested that with a larger sample size this effect may be statistically significant. Lower mentalizing capacities in the context of attachment relationships were found to be associated with higher levels of street code adherence. From this perspective, individuals whose early attachment related experiences did not support the acquisition of adequate mentalizing capacities may be more drawn to the predictable yet organizing framework for interpersonal interactions provided by street code. Finally, a case study of one of the violent offender participants is presented to demonstrate how impoverished emotional responses among high CU and high street-code adhering youth may, in part, represent a turning off of emotions secondary to the trauma of community violence. Implications for the adaption of mentalization-based therapy for street code-invested violent youth are discussed

CALCULATION OF HIGHER HARMONICS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT OF ACTIVE RESISTANCES IN ELECTRIC

The paper discusses the method of using active resistance in the calculations of higher harmonics in electrical networks.В работе рассматривается методика использования активных сопротивлений в расчетах высших гармоник в электрических сетях

Positronium reflection and positronium beams

Specular reflection of positronium, Ps was observed and that there is adequate intensity at higher energies to make further study worthwhile was established. The scattering appears to be restricted to the outermost surface with a mean free path of (0.75 + or - 0.15)A for Ps in LiF(100). With a greater intensity Ps beam one should see higher order diffraction beams as the result of the periodicity of the surface. Ps diffraction thus offers the possibility of being a novel and valuable probe to study the outermost surface and to study adsorbants on it. Two methods for producing Ps beams are described

Molybdenum Complexes of Chiral C2-symmetric Picchxn-type Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Structural Studies

A series of molybdenum complexes based on chiral C2-symmetric picchxn-type ligands (N4 ligands, defined as trans-N,N′-bis(heterocycl-2-ylmethyl)-1,2-diaminocyclohexanes) has been synthesized and characterized. Reported and novel picchxn-type ligands form (κ3-N4)Mo(CO)3, [(κ4-N4)Mo(NO)(CO)]PF6, and [(κ4-N4)Mo(NO)X]PF6 (X = Br, I) compounds. Multiple tridentate (κ3) and tetradentate (κ4) ligand configurations were observed, and the favored κ4 configuration was found to vary with N4 heterocycle identity. Heterocycle variation allowed for directed modification of the molybdenum electronic characteristics, but none of the studied {(κ4-N4)Mo(NO)}+ fragments was found to be a suitable π-base for dearomatization chemistry. The crystal structures of eight molybdenum complexes with picchxn-type ligands were determined

PHQ-2 Scores in Broward County’s Homeless: Prevalence, Barriers, and Proposed Solutions to Mental Health Disparities

Introduction: Florida ranks 9th in states with highest prevalence of mental illness among homeless individuals. The state also ranks 43rd of 52 states in providing adequate access for mental health concerns in homeless individuals. This study surveyed people experiencing homelessness in Broward County to investigate utilization of healthcare and mental health resources and accessibility of the target population to adequate care.. Aims included a collection of demographics concerning homelessness such as age and gender, prevalence of mental illness, history of substance use and emergency department, and then correlating these with scores from a standardized depression rating scale (PHQ-2). Methods: The Community Based Participatory Research model was employed while working with local volunteer organizations. Participants completed an 18 question survey and PHQ-2 at three feeding sites in Broward County, totaling 136 participants. . Results: 100% of participants surveyed had an income below $12,488, thereby falling in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) coverage gap. 66% stated “none” for insurance, 67% screened positive for depression with the PHQ-2 questionnaire, while 57% acknowledged having mental illness. Only 19% reported using the ER during mental health emergencies but 80% of this population had at least 1 ER visit within the year. Individuals who reported no to the question, “In the past year, was there ever a time when you were prescribed a drug but were unable to get it”, scored 1.23 points lower (95% CI: -0.33,-2.12) on the PHQ-2 than individuals who were able to obtain medications. Individuals who reported history of binge drinking, substance use and thoughts of suicide scored 1.21 points higher (95% CI: -0.14,-2.28) on the PHQ 2 than individuals who responded no. Discussion: Our results suggest a majority of homeless individuals need further assessment concerning depression. Based on the utilization of the ER, healthcare resource awareness is inadequately approached. Programs available are underutilized due to lack of awareness, accessibility and outreach. These findings encourage redistribution of funding and further advocate for resources available to this population

Weight management among school-aged children and adolescents: A quantitative assessment in a Ghanaian municipality

BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescent overweight, obesity and underweight have become an issue of grave concern to both the developed and developing countries in context of global burden of non-communicable diseases. Unhealthy weight status is a significant public health issue for developing countries, of which Ghana is not excluded. This study evaluated the prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight and its related factors among school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS: A total of 1004 participants were randomly selected from six schools. A structured questionnaire on demography and socioeconomic status of students\u27 parents/guardians was completed by the selected students. Anthropometric parameters were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. BMI-for-age z-scores were used to categorize anthropometric data of the children as underweight, normal, overweight or obese. A cut-off value of \u3e 0.50 was used to define obesity by WHtR. RESULTS: Overweight prevalence of 13.8% and 12.6 was observed among basic school and high school students respectively based on BMI classification. Obesity prevalence of 8.8% was found in basic school students and 8.9% among high school students. Underweight was observed in 114 (11.3%) basic school students and 86 (8.6%) high school students. There was a difference in sex prevalence in unhealthy weight-behaviours; with more girls being overweight (19.4% vs 7.6%, p \u3c 0.001) and obese (10.2% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.177) compared to boys. High WHtR found in 10.5% of basic students and 5.0% of high school students, with a statistical difference. Overweight/obesity was significantly associated with taking snacks before bed among basic school students [aOR = 10.45(5.95-18)] and high school students [aOR = 10.23(5.95-18.37)] respectively. Watching TV [aOR = 0.39(0.22-0.70)], sleeping during leisure periods [aOR = 0.43(0.23-0.81)] and bicycling as a means of transport [aOR = 0.37(0.19-0.72)] to school was protective of obesity among basic school students. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of unhealthy weight-related behaviours was observed among school-aged children in the Bekwai Municipality. Snacking before bed was a major factor promoting obesity among school-aged children while leisure behaviours such as TV watching, and sleeping were protective of obesity. Therefore, it is recommended to promote and support healthy eating habits among school-aged children which are likely beneficial in reducing the risk of childhood unhealthy weight-related behaviours

COMPARISON OF CRM-SYSTEMS

Розглянуто сучасний ринок CRM-систем країн СНГ, обрано кілька найпопулярніших систем і подано характеристику кожної з них. Порівняння шести CRM-систем за шістнадцятьма ознаками подано у вигляді таблиці. Використовуючи інформацію з цієї таблиці і оперуючи запропонованою системою порівняння, будь-хто зможе без проблем оцінити і вибрати будь-яку іншу CRM. В огляді розглянуто такі системи: Megaplan CRM, bpm'online Sales, Bitrix 24 CRM, Amo CRM, 1C CRM, Mango CRM. Надано рекомендації щодо опрацювання таблиці. Оцінювання проведено за 4-бальною шкалою, деякі функції мають не числовий, а текстовий формат порівняння. Обчислювати загальну кількість балів для кожної системи і вибирати її на такій підставі не рекомендовано, оскільки у кожної системи є свої сильні і слабкі позиції, а вибирати систему потрібно відповідно до головних вимог і наявності необхідного функціоналу. Виявлено слабкі і сильні позиції кожної з порівнюваних СРМ, подано в детальному описі під даними таблиці. З'ясовано, що дані системи можуть підійти для малих і середніх компаній. Під час вибору системи рекомендовано оцінити основні вимоги компанії до CRM і з'ясувати, в якої із систем необхідні функції реалізовані найкраще. На нашу думку, це дослідження допоможе недосвідченим молодим компаніям обрати CRM-систему, яка найкраще підходить вимогам їхнього бізнесу. Також для кожної з поданих у роботі систем взаємодії з клієнтами оцінено вплив їх впровадження на конкретний бізнес для вирішення типових повсякденних завдань підприємства.Рассмотрен современный рынок CRM-систем стран СНГ, избрано несколько самых популярных систем и дана характеристика каждой из них. Сравнение шести CRM-систем по шестнадцати признакам представлено в виде таблицы. Используя информацию из данной таблицы и оперируя предложенной системой сравнения, любой сможет без проблем оценить и выбрать любую другую CRM. В обзоре рассмотрены следующие системы: Megaplan CRM, bpm'online Sales, Bitrix 24 CRM, Amo CRM, 1C CRM, Mango CRM. Предоставлены рекомендации к чтению таблицы. Оценку проведено по 4-балльной шкале, некоторые функции имеют не числовой, а текстовый формат сравнения. Вычислять общее количество баллов для каждой системы и выбирать ее таким образом не рекомендовано, поскольку у каждой системы есть свои сильные и слабые стороны, а выбирать систему нужно в соответствии с вашими главными требованиям и наличием необходимого функционала. Выявлены слабые и сильные стороны каждой из сравниваемых СРМ и предоставлены в подробном описании под данными таблицы. Выяснено, что данные системы могут подойти для малых и средних компаний. При выборе системы рекомендовано оценить основные требования компании к CRM и посмотреть, в какой из систем необходимые функции реализованы лучше. Также оценено влияние внедрения представленных в исследовании систем взаимодействия с клиентами на конкретный бизнес для решения типовых повседневных бизнес-задач предприятия.The authors have examined the current market of CRM systems of the CIS countries, selected some of the most popular systems and given the characteristics of each of them. The comparison of six CRM-systems by sixteen signs is presented as a table. Using information from this table and operating the proposed comparison system, anyone can easily evaluate and choose any other CRM. The review will consider the following systems: Megaplan CRM, bpm'online Sales, Bitrix 24 CRM, Amo CRM, 1C CRM, Mango CRM. The recommendations for the analysing of the table were provided. The score is based on the 4-point scale; some of the functions have non-numeric, but the text format of the comparison. It is not recommended to calculate the total number of points for each system and to choose it after this calculation, because each system has its own strengths and weaknesses, and it is necessary to choose the system according to your main requirements and the availability of the necessary functionality. The weaknesses and strengths of each of the compared CRMs were found and presented in a detailed description below the table. It is explained that these systems can be suitable for small and medium-sized companies. During the selection it is recommended to evaluate the main requirements to the CRM system and analyze where these functions are best implemented. For example, there are customizable fields in the Bitrix24 system – "Agreements" and "Contacts", a fairly large selection of options for setting up tasks, a calendar to display them, a corporate portal with cloud storage and video chats. BPMonline, in its turn, occupies the first lines of CRM ratings, has excellent analytical capabilities of the system: the ability to trace the path from the first client appeal to purchase, a well-thought-out electronic document management system, integration with financial programs, but unlike Bitrix24, it does not have a corporate portal and has a fairly high subscription price. Therefore, the choice of the CPM for the enterprise should be guided primarily by the needs of the enterprise. The impact of the implementation on a particular business was assessed for each of the submitted systems