Databases of L-shell X-ray intensity ratios for various elements after photon excitation

In this study, a comprehensive dataset of X-ray emission intensity ratios has been compiled, including I L β / I L α , I L γ / I L α , I Ll / I L α , I L γ / I L β , I Ll / I L γ , I Ll / I L β , I L γ 5 / I L α , I L γ 44 ′ / I L α , I L η / I L α , and I L γ 1 / I L α , extracted from literature spanning the years 1971 to 2023, and encompassing 83 research papers. Over this timeframe, a total of 2600 values were collected, comprising some 678 values for I L β / I L α , 696 values for I L γ / I L α , 617 values for I Ll / I L α , along with 132, 132, 89, 60, 70, 71, and 55 data points for I L γ / I L β , I Ll / I L γ , I Ll / I L β , I L γ 5 / I L α , I L γ 44 ′ / I L α , I L η / I L α , and I L γ 1 / I L α , respectively. The reported values are presented with precision up to three to four decimal places, accompanied by their associated uncertainties. Additionally, the tables include calculated weighted averages ( I L i / I L j ) W , uncertainty values ( ε I S D , ε E S D ), combined standard deviations ( z I S D , z E S D ), and average z-scores ( z ¯ I S D , z ¯ E S D ) for these intensity ratios. The data encompasses elements ranging from 39Y to 94Pu when excited by photon bombardment. The assessment of how these experimental data values are distributed according to atomic number indicates extensive coverage across most elements. However, a few isolated instances were identified where either no data or fewer than two data values were available

Corrosive-Abrasive Wear Induced by Soot in Boundary Lubrication Regime

Soot is known to induce high wear in engine components. The mechanism by which soot induces wear is not well understood. Although several mechanisms have been suggested, there is still no consensus. This study aims to investigate the most likely mechanism responsible for soot-induced wear in the boundary lubrication regime. Results from this study have shown that previously suggested mechanisms such as abrasion and additive adsorption do not fully explain the high wear observed when soot is present. Based on the results obtained from tests conducted at varying temperature and soot levels, it has been proven that the corrosive–abrasive mechanism was responsible for high wear that occurred in boundary lubrication conditions

Clinical standards for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-COVID-19 lung disease

BACKGROUND: The aim of these clinical standards is to provide guidance on ‘best practice’ care for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-COVID-19 lung disease. METHODS: A panel of international experts representing scientific societies, associations and groups active in post-COVID-19 lung disease was identified; 45 completed a Delphi process. A 5-point Likert scale indicated level of agreement with the draft standards. The final version was approved by consensus (with 100% agreement).RESULTS: Four clinical standards were agreed for patients with a previous history of COVID-19: Standard 1, Patients with sequelae not explained by an alternative diagnosis should be evaluated for possible post-COVID-19 lung disease; Standard 2, Patients with lung function impairment, reduced exercise tolerance, reduced quality of life (QoL) or other relevant signs or ongoing symptoms ≥4 weeks after the onset of first symptoms should be evaluated for treatment and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR); Standard 3, The PR programme should be based on feasibility, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness criteria, organised according to local health services and tailored to an individual patient’s needs; and Standard 4, Each patient undergoing and completing PR should be evaluated to determine its effectiveness and have access to a counselling/health education session. CONCLUSION: This is the first consensus-based set of clinical standards for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-COVID-19 lung disease. Our aim is to improve patient care and QoL by guiding clinicians, programme managers and public health officers in planning and implementing a PR programme to manage post-COVID-19 lung disease

Communities of practice of e-learning, an innovative learning space for e-learning actors

Today collaboration and information exchange and sharing are critical in driving both individual and organizational success. Communities of Practice (CoPs) represent an environment in which individuals, experts and novices, learn together to develop and improve their professional practices and skills. They are therefore the best environment for individual and collective learning. The purpose of this article is to show the potential of social learning in the domain of e-learning, through CoPs of e-learning (CoPEs). We present the main concepts and objectives of CoPEs and explain how they can support e-learning actors in their daily activities. An example of a CoPE, whose main objective is to promote e-learning in higher education context applied to the domain of computer science, is also presente

A Process for capitalizing Knowledge within Communities of Practice of E-learning

Knowledge management aims at capturing, transferring, and reusing knowledge. We are interested by knowledge reuse within Communities of Practice of E-learning (CoPEs). Pertinent reuse would facilitate learning of e-learning actors, increase their productivity and finally improve the quality of their artefacts. The present paper proposes a process for knowledge reuse within a CoPE, composed of two subprocesses: (1) reification process, transforming Tacit and Elicit knowledge to a new Elicit Knowledge, and (2) An indexing process, making reusable the previous resulted knowledge. Two knowledge indexing techniques are used: (a) Knowledge Annotation, using the concepts of O’CoPE ontology, and (b)Knowledge intentionalisation using members’ intentions. Moreover an adaptation process of Knowledge regarding the members’ profiles allows a personalized reuse of that knowledge. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved