From art to science: the functional damage due to thumb osteoarthritis finely described by Velazquez 300 years before its clinical description

Velazquez showed to know the entity of thumb osteoarthritis by finely describing it in one of his paintings. The concepts of anatomical damage, loss of strenght, and functional impairment are transmitted to the observer

Arte como natureza: um estudo sobre F. Nietzsche e O. Wilde

Tese de mestrado, Teoria da Literatura, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 200

The hominid thumb and its influence on the employment during evolution

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Computer modeling of an impedance-controlled pulsing protocol for RF tumor ablation with a cooled electrode

[EN] Purpose: To develop computer models to mimic the impedance-controlled pulsing protocol implemented in radiofrequency (RF) generators used for clinical practice of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and to assess the appropriateness of the models by comparing the computer results with those obtained in previous experimental studies.Methods: A 12-min RFA was modelled using a cooled electrode (17G, 3cm tip) inserted in hepatic tissue. The short (transverse) diameter of the coagulation zone was assessed under in vivo (with blood perfusion (BP) and considering clamping) and ex vivo (at 21 degrees C) conditions. The computer results obtained by programming voltage pulses were compared with current pulses.Results: The differences between voltage and current pulses were noticeable: using current instead of voltage allows larger coagulation zones to be created, due to the higher energy applied by current pulses. If voltage pulses are employed the model can accurately predict the number of roll-offs, although the waveform of the applied power is clearly not realistic. If current voltages are employed, the applied power waveform matches well with those reported experimentally, but there are significantly fewer roll-offs. Our computer results were overall into the ranges of experimental ones.Conclusions: The proposed models reproduce reasonably well the electrical-thermal performance and coagulation zone size obtained during an impedance-controlled pulsing protocol.This work was supported by the Spanish Plan Estatal de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad under grant number TEC2014-52383-C3-R (TEC2014-52383-C3-1-R). The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.Trujillo Guillen, M.; Bon Corbín, J.; Rivera Ortun, MJ.; Burdio, F.; Berjano, E. (2016). Computer modeling of an impedance-controlled pulsing protocol for RF tumor ablation with a cooled electrode. International Journal of Hyperthermia. 32(8):931-939. doi:10.1080/02656736.2016.1190868S931939328Hocquelet, A., Balageas, P., Laurent, C., Blanc, J.-F., Frulio, N., Salut, C., … Trillaud, H. (2015). Radiofrequency ablation versus surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria: A study of 281 Western patients. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 31(7), 749-757. doi:10.3109/02656736.2015.1068382Fukushima, T., Ikeda, K., Kawamura, Y., Sorin, Y., Hosaka, T., Kobayashi, M., … Kumada, H. (2015). Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Impedance Control and Temperature Control of Radiofrequency Interstitial Thermal Ablation for Treating Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Oncology, 89(1), 47-52. doi:10.1159/000375166Goldberg, S. N., Stein, M. C., Gazelle, G. S., Sheiman, R. G., Kruskal, J. B., & Clouse, M. E. (1999). Percutaneous Radiofrequency Tissue Ablation: Optimization of Pulsed-Radiofrequency Technique to Increase Coagulation Necrosis. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 10(7), 907-916. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(99)70136-3Ahmed, M., Liu, Z., Humphries, S., & Nahum Goldberg, S. (2008). Computer modeling of the combined effects of perfusion, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity on tissue heating patterns in radiofrequency tumor ablation. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 24(7), 577-588. doi:10.1080/02656730802192661Lobo, S. M., Liu, Z.-J., Yu, N. C., Humphries, S., Ahmed, M., Cosman, E. R., … Goldberg, S. N. (2005). RF tumour ablation: Computer simulation and mathematical modelling of the effects of electrical and thermal conductivity. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 21(3), 199-213. doi:10.1080/02656730400001108Solazzo, S. A., Liu, Z., Lobo, S. M., Ahmed, M., Hines-Peralta, A. U., Lenkinski, R. E., & Goldberg, S. N. (2005). Radiofrequency Ablation: Importance of Background Tissue Electrical Conductivity—An Agar Phantom and Computer Modeling Study. Radiology, 236(2), 495-502. doi:10.1148/radiol.2362040965Barauskas, R., Gulbinas, A., & Barauskas, G. (2007). Investigation of radiofrequency ablation process in liver tissue by finite element modeling and experiment. Medicina, 43(4), 310. doi:10.3390/medicina43040039Haemmerich, D., & Wood, B. J. (2006). Hepatic radiofrequency ablation at low frequencies preferentially heats tumour tissue. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 22(7), 563-574. doi:10.1080/02656730601024727Haemmerich, D., Chachati, L., Wright, A. S., Mahvi, D. M., Lee, F. T., & Webster, J. G. (2003). Hepatic radiofrequency ablation with internally cooled probes: effect of coolant temperature on lesion size. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 50(4), 493-500. doi:10.1109/tbme.2003.809488Schutt, D. J., & Haemmerich, D. (2008). Effects of variation in perfusion rates and of perfusion models in computational models of radio frequency tumor ablation. Medical Physics, 35(8), 3462-3470. doi:10.1118/1.2948388Zhang, B., Moser, M. A. J., Zhang, E. M., Luo, Y., & Zhang, W. (2015). Numerical analysis of the relationship between the area of target tissue necrosis and the size of target tissue in liver tumours with pulsed radiofrequency ablation. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 31(7), 715-725. doi:10.3109/02656736.2015.1058429Solazzo, S. A., Ahmed, M., Liu, Z., Hines-Peralta, A. U., & Goldberg, S. N. (2007). High-Power Generator for Radiofrequency Ablation: Larger Electrodes and Pulsing Algorithms in Bovine ex Vivo and Porcine in Vivo Settings. Radiology, 242(3), 743-750. doi:10.1148/radiol.2423052039Abraham, J. P., & Sparrow, E. M. (2007). A thermal-ablation bioheat model including liquid-to-vapor phase change, pressure- and necrosis-dependent perfusion, and moisture-dependent properties. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 50(13-14), 2537-2544. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.11.045Pätz, T., Kröger, T., & Preusser, T. (2009). Simulation of Radiofrequency Ablation Including Water Evaporation. World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany, 1287-1290. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03882-2_341Trujillo, M., Alba, J., & Berjano, E. (2012). Relationship between roll-off occurrence and spatial distribution of dehydrated tissue during RF ablation with cooled electrodes. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 28(1), 62-68. doi:10.3109/02656736.2011.631076Hall, S. K., Ooi, E. H., & Payne, S. J. (2015). Cell death, perfusion and electrical parameters are critical in models of hepatic radiofrequency ablation. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 31(5), 538-550. doi:10.3109/02656736.2015.1032370Chang, S.-J., Yu, W.-J., Chang, C.-C., & Chen, Y.-H. (2010). 7 PROTEOMICS ANALYSIS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY BY TOONA SINENSIS ROEM. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 20, S3-S4. doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62425-xBeop-Min Kim, Jacques, S. L., Rastegar, S., Thomsen, S., & Motamedi, M. (1996). Nonlinear finite-element analysis of the role of dynamic changes in blood perfusion and optical properties in laser coagulation of tissue. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2(4), 922-933. doi:10.1109/2944.577317Doss, J. D. (1982). Calculation of electric fields in conductive media. Medical Physics, 9(4), 566-573. doi:10.1118/1.595107Jo, B., & Aksan, A. (2010). Prediction of the extent of thermal damage in the cornea during conductive keratoplasty. Journal of Thermal Biology, 35(4), 167-174. doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2010.02.004Belous, A., & Podhajsky, R. J. (2009). The effect of initial and dynamic liver conditions on RF ablation size: a study in perfused and non-perfused animal models. Energy-based Treatment of Tissue and Assessment V. doi:10.1117/12.809597Song, K. D., Lee, M. W., Park, H. J., Cha, D. I., Kang, T. W., Lee, J., … Rhim, H. (2015). Hepatic radiofrequency ablation:in vivoandex vivocomparisons of 15-gauge (G) and 17-G internally cooled electrodes. The British Journal of Radiology, 88(1050), 20140497. doi:10.1259/bjr.20140497Cha, J., Choi, D., Lee, M. W., Rhim, H., Kim, Y., Lim, H. K., … Park, C. K. (2009). Radiofrequency Ablation Zones in Ex Vivo Bovine and In Vivo Porcine Livers: Comparison of the Use of Internally Cooled Electrodes and Internally Cooled Wet Electrodes. CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology, 32(6), 1235-1240. doi:10.1007/s00270-009-9600-0Lee, J. M., Han, J. K., Chang, J. M., Chung, S. Y., Kim, S. H., Lee, J. Y., … Choi, B. I. (2006). Radiofrequency Ablation of the Porcine Liver In Vivo: Increased Coagulation with an Internally Cooled Perfusion Electrode. Academic Radiology, 13(3), 343-352. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2005.10.020Romero-Méndez, R., Tobajas, P., Burdío, F., Gonzalez, A., Navarro, A., Grande, L., & Berjano, E. (2012). Electrical-thermal performance of a cooled RF applicator for hepatic ablation with additional distant infusion of hypertonic saline:In vivostudy and preliminary computer modeling. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 28(7), 653-662. doi:10.3109/02656736.2012.711894Ahmed, M., Lobo, S. M., Weinstein, J., Kruskal, J. B., Gazelle, G. S., Halpern, E. F., … Goldberg, S. N. (2002). Improved Coagulation with Saline Solution Pretreatment during Radiofrequency Tumor Ablation in a Canine Model. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 13(7), 717-724. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61850-8Chinn, S. B., Lee, F. T., Kennedy, G. D., Chinn, C., Johnson, C. D., Winter, T. C., … Mahvi, D. M. (2001). Effect of Vascular Occlusion on Radiofrequency Ablation of the Liver. American Journal of Roentgenology, 176(3), 789-795. doi:10.2214/ajr.176.3.1760789Arenas, J., Perez, J. J., Trujillo, M., & Berjano, E. (2014). Computer modeling and ex vivo experiments with a (saline-linked) irrigated electrode for RF-assisted heating. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 13(1), 164. doi:10.1186/1475-925x-13-164González-Suárez, A., Trujillo, M., Burdío, F., Andaluz, A., & Berjano, E. (2012). Feasibility study of an internally cooled bipolar applicator for RF coagulation of hepatic tissue: Experimental and computational study. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 28(7), 663-673. doi:10.3109/02656736.2012.716900Schramm, W., Yang, D., Wood, B. J., Rattay, F., & Haemmerich, D. (2007). Contribution of Direct Heating, Thermal Conduction and Perfusion During Radiofrequency and Microwave Ablation. The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal, 1(1), 47-52. doi:10.2174/1874120700701010047Chang, I. A., & Nguyen, U. D. (2004). BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 3(1), 27. doi:10.1186/1475-925x-3-27Montgomery, R. S., Rahal, A., Dodd, G. D., Leyendecker, J. R., & Hubbard, L. G. (2004). Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatic Tumors: Variability of Lesion Size Using a Single Ablation Device. American Journal of Roentgenology, 182(3), 657-661. doi:10.2214/ajr.182.3.1820657SCHUMACHER, B., EICK, O., WITTKAMPF, F., PEZOLD, C., TEBBENJOHANNS, J., JUNG, W., & LUDERITZ, B. (1999). Temperature Response Following Nontraumatic Low Power Radiofrequency Application. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 22(2), 339-343. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1999.tb00448.xPETERSEN, H. H., & SVENDSEN, J. H. (2003). Can Lesion Size During Radiofrequency Ablation Be Predicted By the Temperature Rise to a Low Power Test Pulse in Vitro? Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26(8), 1653-1659. doi:10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.t01-1-00248.

Professional Use of Social Media Among physiotherapy teachers: Results of a Multi-Institutional Study

[EN] Main objective is to know the professional use and perception of social networks by teachers of the Physiotherapy degree in Spanish Universities. To achieve this objective, our methodological approach has been based on the elaboration of a questionnaire of 7 questions that has been distributed among teachers of different Spanish Universities Physiotherapy degrees There is a great diversity in the use of social networks for academic purposes among the teachers of Spanish universities. Only 37% of participants use them for teaching purposes, with YouTube being the most used (76.5%) followed by Facebook. Others like Instagram or twitter are not used for teaching purposes. The use of social networks among physiotherapy teachers is not widespread and directly depends on the preferences of the teacher, although the social network most used for teaching purposes is YouTube, we can not know if these teachers use their own channels or references of other professionals . It is necessary an in-depth study about the advantages and disadvantages of the use of social networks as a means more than in a regulated way can be properly incorporated in university teaching programs.[ES] El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el uso profesional y la percepción de las redes sociales por parte de los docentes del grado de Fisioterapia en las Universidades Españolas. Para acometer este objetivo, nuestro enfoque metodológico se ha basado en la elaboración de un cuestionario de 7 preguntas que se ha distribuido entre docentes de diferentes grados de Fisioterapia de Universidades Españolas. Existe una gran diversidad en cuanto al uso de redes sociales con fines académicos entre los docentes de las universidades españolas. Solo el 37% de los encuestados las usa con fines docentes, siendo YouTube la red social utilizada con mayor frecuencia entre los encuestados (76,5%) seguida por Facebook. Otras como Instagram o twitter no se emplean con fines docentes. El uso de redes sociales entre los docentes de Fisioterapia no está generalizado y depende directamente de las preferencias del docente, aunque la red social más empleada con fines docente sea YouTube, no podemos saber si estos docentes emplean canales propios o referencias de otras profesionales. Es necesario un estudio en profundidad a cerca de las ventajas y desventajas del uso de las redes sociales como un medio más que de forma reglada pueda incorporarse adecuadamente en los programas docentes universitarios.A los docentes del grado de fisioterapia de las diferentes universidades españolas por cedernos su tiempo y por su participación desinteresada en este estudio.Cantero Tellez, R. (2018). Uso profesional de las redes sociales por los Docentes de grado de Fisioterapia. Estudio Multi- Institucional. 227-234. doi:10.4995/redu.2018.9171SWORD22723

Proactive esophageal cooling protects against thermal insults during high-power short-duration radiofrequency cardiac ablation

[EN] Background Proactive cooling with a novel cooling device has been shown to reduce endoscopically identified thermal injury during radiofrequency (RF) ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation using medium power settings. We aimed to evaluate the effects of proactive cooling during high-power short-duration (HPSD) ablation. Methods A computer model accounting for the left atrium (1.5 mm thickness) and esophagus including the active cooling device was created. We used the Arrhenius equation to estimate the esophageal thermal damage during 50 W/ 10 s and 90 W/ 4 s RF ablations. Results With proactive esophageal cooling in place, temperatures in the esophageal tissue were significantly reduced from control conditions without cooling, and the resulting percentage of damage to the esophageal wall was reduced around 50%, restricting damage to the epi-esophageal region and consequently sparing the remainder of the esophageal tissue, including the mucosal surface. Lesions in the atrial wall remained transmural despite cooling, and maximum width barely changed (<0.8 mm). Conclusions Proactive esophageal cooling significantly reduces temperatures and the resulting fraction of damage in the esophagus during HPSD ablation. These findings offer a mechanistic rationale explaining the high degree of safety encountered to date using proactive esophageal cooling, and further underscore the fact that temperature monitoring is inadequate to avoid thermal damage to the esophagus.Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R44HL158375 (the content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health) and by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades/Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 under grant RTI2018-094357-B-C21).Mercado Montoya, M.; Gomez Bustamante, T.; Berjano, E.; Mickelsen, SR.; Daniels, JD.; Hernández Arango, P.; Schieber, J.... (2022). Proactive esophageal cooling protects against thermal insults during high-power short-duration radiofrequency cardiac ablation. International Journal of Hyperthermia. 39(1):1202-1212. https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2022.21218601202121239

A clinically oriented computer model for radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tissue with internally cooled wet electrode

Purpose: To improve the computer modelling of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) by internally cooled wet (ICW) electrodes with added clinically oriented features. Methods: An improved RFA computer model by ICW electrode included: (1) a realistic spatial distribution of the infused saline, and (2) different domains to distinguish between healthy tissue, saline-infused tumour, and non-infused tumour, under the assumption that infused saline is retained within the tumour boundary. A realistic saline spatial distribution was obtained from an in vivo pig liver study. The computer results were analysed in terms of impedance evolution and coagulation zone (CZ) size, and were compared to the results of clinical trials conducted on 17 patients with the same ICW electrode. Results: The new features added to the model provided computer results that matched well with the clinical results. No roll-offs occurred during the 4-min ablation. CZ transversal diameter (4.10 ± 0.19 cm) was similar to the computed diameter (4.16 cm). Including the tumour and saline infusion in the model involved (1) a reduction of the initial impedance by 10 − 20 Ω, (2) a delay in roll-off of 20 s and 70 − 100 s, respectively, and (3) 18 − 31% and 22 − 36% larger CZ size, respectively. The saline spatial distribution geometry was also seen to affect roll-off delay and CZ size. Conclusions: Using a three-compartment model and a realistic saline spatial distribution notably improves the match with the outcome of the clinical trials

Electrical-thermal analytical modeling of monopolar RF thermal ablation of biological tissues: determining the circumstances under which tissue temperature reaches a steady state

This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES doi:10.3934/mbe.2015003 AND ENGINEERING following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering (MBE) Pages: 281 - 301, Volume 13, Issue 2, April 2016 is available online at http://www.aimsciences.org/journals/displayArticlesnew.jsp?paperID=11998[EN] It has been suggested that during RF thermal ablation of biological tissue the thermal lesion could reach an equilibrium size after 1-2 minutes. Our objective was to determine under which circumstances of electrode geometry (needle-like vs. ball-tip), electrode type (dry vs. cooled) and blood perfusion the temperature will reach a steady state at any point in the tissue. We solved the bioheat equation analytically both in cylindrical and spherical coordinates and the resultant limit temperatures were compared. Our results demonstrate mathematically that tissue temperature reaches a steady value in all cases except for cylindrical coordinates without the blood perfusion term, both for dry and cooled electrodes, where temperature increases infinitely. This result is only true when the boundary condition far from the active electrode is considered to be at infinitum. In contrast, when a finite and sufficiently large domain is considered, temperature reaches always a steady state.This work received financial support from the Spanish "Plan Estatal de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad" under Grant TEC2014-52383-C3-R (TEC2014-52383-C3-1-R).López Molina, JA.; Rivera Ortun, MJ.; Berjano, E. (2016). Electrical-thermal analytical modeling of monopolar RF thermal ablation of biological tissues: determining the circumstances under which tissue temperature reaches a steady state. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering. 13(2):281-301. https://doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2015003S28130113

Ring electrode for radio-frequency heating of the cornea: modelling and in vitro experiments

[EN] Radio-frequency thermokeratoplasty (RF-TKP) is a technique used to reshape the cornea curvature by means of thermal lesions using radio-frequency currents. This curvature change allows refractive disorders such as hyperopia to be corrected. A new electrode with ring geometry is proposed for RF-TKP. It was designed to create a single thermal lesion with a full-circle shape. Finite element models were developed, and the temperature distributions in the cornea were analysed for different ring electrode characteristics. The computer results indicated that the maximum temperature in the cornea was located in the vicinity of the ring electrode outer perimeter, and that the lesions had a semi-torus shape. The results also indicated that the electrode thickness, electrode radius and electrode thermal conductivity had a significant influence on the temperature distributions. In addition, in vitro experiments were performed on rabbit eyes. At 5 IN power the lesions were fully circular. Some lesions showed non-uniform characteristics along their circular path. Lesion depth depended on heating duration (60% of corneal thickness for 20s, and 30% for 10s). The results suggest that the critical shrinkage temperature (55-63degreesC) was reached at the central stroma and along the entire circular path in all the cases.Berjano, E.; Saiz Rodríguez, FJ.; Alió, J.; Ferrero, JM. (2003). Ring electrode for radio-frequency heating of the cornea: modelling and in vitro experiments. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. 41(6):630-639. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02349970S630639416Alió, J. L., Ismail, M. M., Artola, A., andPérez-Santonja, J. J. (1997a): ‘Correction of hyperopia induced by photorefractive keratectomy using non-contact Ho: YAG laser thermal keratoplasty’,J. Refract. Surg.,13, pp. 13–16Alió, J. L., Ismail, M. M., andSanchez, J. L. (1997b): ‘Correction of hyperopia with non-contact Ho: YAG laser thermal keratoplasty’,J. Refract. Surg.,13, pp. 17–22Alió, J. 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