Actindynamik und -regulation in dem filamentösen Pilz Aspergillus nidulans

Im Zuge dieser Dissertation wurde die Actindynamik und -regulation in dem filamentösen Pilz Aspergillus nidulans untersucht. Hierbei wurde die Actindynamik mit Hilfe der Marker TpmA und Lifeact ermittelt. Zudem wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Actincytoskelett und anderen Polaritätsfaktoren, wie Mikrotubuli, Zellendmarkern, Septinen und der Calciumkonzentration erforscht. Experimente zur hochauflösenden Mikroskopie von Mikrotubuli brachten zudem Erkenntnisse zur Mikrotubuli-Bündelung

Dynamics of actin cables in polarized growth of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans

Highly polarized growth of filamentous fungi requires a continuous supply of proteins and lipids to the hyphal tip. This transport is managed by vesicle trafficking via the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons and their associated motor proteins. Particularly, actin cables originating from the hyphal tip are essential for hyphal growth. Although, specific marker proteins have been developed to visualize actin cables in filamentous fungi, the exact organization and dynamics of actin cables has remained elusive. Here, we observed actin cables using tropomyosin (TpmA) and Lifeact fused to fluorescent proteins in living Aspergillus nidulans hyphae and studied the dynamics and regulation. GFP tagged TpmA visualized dynamic actin cables formed from the hyphal tip with cycles of elongation and shrinkage. The elongation and shrinkage rates of actin cables were similar and approximately 0.6 μm/s. Comparison of actin markers revealed that high concentrations of Lifeact reduced actin dynamics. Simultaneous visualization of actin cables and microtubules suggests temporally and spatially coordinated polymerization and depolymerization between the two cytoskeletons. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of ordered polarized growth regulated by actin cables and microtubules

Burnout syndrome - a lifelong journey? : A qualitative study on women's experiences of (trying to) recover from burnout syndrome

Denna studie syftade till att uppnå ökad förståelse för hur kvinnor drabbade av utmattningssyndrom kan uppleva att det är att försöka bli friska samt vad de anser är viktigt för tillfrisknandet. En kvalitativ metod tillämpades där sju kvinnor deltog i semistrukturerade intervjuer varpå tematisk innehållsanalys genomfördes. Analysen utmynnade i två övergripande teman, Livslång anpassning samt Förståelse och stöd. Att bli frisk efter att ha drabbats av utmattningssyndrom är en lång och komplex process. Tillfrisknandet tog sin början i insikt och acceptans men det ifrågasattes om den som drabbats någonsin blir helt frisk. Informanterna uttalade att de aldrig kommer att bli desamma som de var innan, samt att de livslångt behöver arbeta med anpassningar och strategier. Ansvaret för att bli och hålla sig frisk ligger i den drabbades egna händer, även om förståelse, stöd och hjälp i rätt tid från läkare, terapeuter, arbete, familj och vänner också behövs.This study aimed to gain a better understanding of how women suffering from burnout syndrome may experience trying to recover and what they consider significant for recovery. A qualitative method was applied, where seven women participated in semi-structured interviews, after which thematic content analysis was conducted. The analysis resulted in two overarching themes; Lifelong adaptation and Understanding and support. To get well after burnout is a long and complex process where recovery started with insight and acceptance and it was questioned whether someone with burnout would  ever completely recover. The informants stated that they would never be the same as they were before, and that they will have to work with adaptations and strategies for the rest of their lives. The responsibility to recover and stay well lied in their own hands although understanding, support and help at the right time from healthcare, therapists, work, family and friends were also needed

The process of translating family nursing knowledge into clinical practice.

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenTo report on approaches that were used to assist with implementation of family systems nursing (FSN) at a university hospital level in Northern Europe.A quasi-experimental research design was used for the first phase of the study. For the second phase, a cross-sectional research design was used. Data were collected in the first phase of the study from 457 nurses in all except one of the divisions of the hospital regarding their attitudes towards involving families into their care before and after having participated in the education and training intervention (ETI) program in FSN. Furthermore, in the second phase, data were collected from 812 nurses, after FSN had been implemented in all divisions at Landspitali University Hospital, regarding the nurses' knowledge of FSN and their evaluation of the quality of the ETI program (i.e., theoretical lectures on FSN as well as the benefit of the skill lab training regarding applying FSN into their clinical practices). Graham and colleagues' Knowledge to Action framework was used as the conceptual framework for the research.Nurses who had taken a course in FSN reported a significantly more positive attitude towards involving families in their care after the ETI program compared to those who had not taken such a course. Furthermore, a majority of the nurses who participated in the ETI program reported that the program was a favorable experience and indicated readiness for applying FSN in clinical practice.Further research is needed regarding the benefits of offering FSN at an institutional level, but focusing international attention on effective strategies to implement FSN into nursing practice may result in better health care for individuals and families around the globe.Providing clinically meaningful education and training in family nursing through programs such as the ETI program for practicing nurses at a university hospital is essential in supporting nurses applying new knowledge, when providing evidence-based health care services, to individuals and their family members. Such training can facilitate integration of new and needed information in clinical practice.LUH Scientific Fund, Icelandic Nurse Association Scientific Fun

Rhodopsin-based voltage imaging tools for use in muscles and neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) based on microbial rhodopsins utilize the voltage-sensitive fluorescence of all-trans retinal (ATR), while in electrochromic FRET (eFRET) sensors, donor fluorescence drops when the rhodopsin acts as depolarization-sensitive acceptor. In recent years, such tools have become widely used in mammalian cells but are less commonly used in invertebrate systems, mostly due to low fluorescence yields. We systematically assessed Arch(D95N), Archon, QuasAr, and the eFRET sensors MacQ-mCitrine and QuasAr-mOrange, in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans ATR-bearing rhodopsins reported on voltage changes in body wall muscles (BWMs), in the pharynx, the feeding organ [where Arch(D95N) showed approximately 128% ΔF/F increase per 100 mV], and in neurons, integrating circuit activity. ATR fluorescence is very dim, yet, using the retinal analog dimethylaminoretinal, it was boosted 250-fold. eFRET sensors provided sensitivities of 45 to 78% ΔF/F per 100 mV, induced by BWM action potentials, and in pharyngeal muscle, measured in simultaneous optical and sharp electrode recordings, MacQ-mCitrine showed approximately 20% ΔF/F per 100 mV. All sensors reported differences in muscle depolarization induced by a voltage-gated Ca2+-channel mutant. Optogenetically evoked de- or hyperpolarization of motor neurons increased or eliminated action potential activity and caused a rise or drop in BWM sensor fluorescence. Finally, we analyzed voltage dynamics across the entire pharynx, showing uniform depolarization but compartmentalized repolarization of anterior and posterior parts. Our work establishes all-optical, noninvasive electrophysiology in live, intact C. elegans