Prevalence and correlates of cyberbullying perpetration : findings from a German representative student survey

Based on a survey of 9512 ninth-grade students conducted in Lower Saxony in 2013, this paper examines the prevalence of cyberbullying perpetration and the correlates of this behavior. Binary logistic multilevel regression was used in order to analyze correlates of sexual and psychological cyberbully perpetration. In the preceding semester, 2.4% of the adolescents were perpetrators of psychological cyberbullying and 0.4% bullied someone online sexually. Low levels of empathy, frequent consumption of violent media, and being victims of aggressive online behaviors are correlated with the risk that a child will become a bully. Female adolescents are less likely than boys to engage in sexual cyberbullying perpetration, but they are more likely to engage in psychological cyberbullying perpetration. Only a small share of adolescents engage in sexual and psychological cyberbullying perpetration. Both behaviors differ in their correlates, however being a victim of aggressive online behaviors increase the risk for perpetration of both behaviors, respectively

Risk-Seeking, Risky Lifestyles and Cyberstalking – What Factors Promote Cyberstalking Victimization Among Adolescents? An Empirical Test of the Self-Control/Risky Lifestyle Mediation Hypothesis

The aim of this paper is to apply the self-control/risky lifestyle theory to the risk of cyberstalking victimization among a younger age group by using a representative student sample from Germany. Results show that cyberstalking victimization is experienced by 18.2% of the representative sample of ninth graders. Girls were more often victimized than boys. Only a minority solely experience cyberstalking whereas considerably more juveniles report having experienced both offline stalking and cyberstalking. The findings from the parallel multiple mediation models support the self-control/lifestyle theory and are consistent with a growing body of literature indicating that low self-control has a direct and indirect effect on the risk of experiencing cyberstalking. For both genders, risk seeking is significantly and positively associated with the risk of experiencing – both directly and indirectly – cyberstalking victimization

Towards Interspecies Sustainability: The Future for Thoroughbreds and Thoroughbred Racing

The international thoroughbred racing industry is increasingly vulnerable to public scrutiny due to its horse welfare record. At the same time, the industry is concerned about its sustainability. The interface of welfare and sustainability however offers little for the horses because of a disconnect between dominant conceptions of sustainability and the protection of animals arising from an anthropocentric orientation of most conceptualisations of sustainability. This study investigates the interface of animal protection and sustainability, a realm of great relevance for animal geographies. It develops a theory of interspecies sustainability and applies it to the horseracing industry. The role of one aspect of this theory, naturalness, is explored further as it plays a salient role in the thoroughbred racing and breeding discourse. Nine industry and seven animal advocacy informants in senior roles from Australia, the US and the UK, have been interviewed using semi-structured interviewing and photo-elicitation. Broadly, the two groups’ differences in conceptualising sustainability, welfare and naturalness follow patterns of contrasting worldviews as expressed in reductionism versus holism, techno-bio-medical control of animal bodies versus the protection of animal integrity, and a downplaying and naturalising of violence committed against the horses versus a recognition of the de-naturalisation of the horses’ life-worlds and its impact on them. Eight analytical layers were identified in the intersecting discourse of sustainability and animal protection, of which two have transformational sway to advance interspecies sustainability. This study seeks to raise conceptual awareness to identify at what layers a particular discourse takes place, to unveil industry co-option of the conceptual space of sustainability and animal protection, and to assist animal advocacy and policy development guided by a paradigm of interspecies sustainability for animal protection

Epidemiology of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and direct self-injurious behavior in adolescents with a migration background : a representative study

Background: Data on the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and direct self-injurious behavior in adolescents with a migration background are scarce. There are hints that this population is at risk. The aim of the study is to investigate the epidemiology of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and direct self-injurious behavior in adolescents with a migration background in Germany while taking gender-specific differences into consideration. Methods: A representative study with N = 10,638 students (mean age 14.91 years, SD = .73).) in the state of Lower Saxony in Germany was conducted. In the 2014–2015 school year, 672 classes were selected by randomly sampling different school types. The participation rate was 84.1%, excluding any classes for which the director refused to provide consent. A total of 49.8% were female adolescents, and 23.3% of the participants had a migration background. Target variables were assessed with items from the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory, the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire and the Self-Harm Inventory, partly adapted. Results: Of all students, 7.6% had a lifetime history of suicide attempts, and 36.6% answered with a rating of at least “rarely” when asked to rate the lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation. The 12-month prevalence of direct self-injurious behavior was 17.8%. Adolescents with a migration background showed a significantly higher prevalence of all three constructs (p = .006; p < .001; p = .006). Male students with a migration background reported a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts (4.7% vs. 3.1%) than native males (p = .009). Female students with a migration background reported a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts (15.9% vs. 10.4%) and suicidal ideation (“often” 12.1% vs. 8.9%) than native female students (p < .001; p = .008). Conclusion: Our assessment indicates an elevated risk for suicidal behaviors in adolescents with a migration background. From research on adults, it is known that the dominant motives for suicidal behavior in migrants are associated with their migration history/situation. As suggested by Cramer and Kapusta’s (Front Psychol 8:1756, 2017) theoretical model, the Social-Ecological Framework of Theory, Assessment, and Prevention, there is a need for culturally sensitive preventions that take into account the specific reasons for suicide attempts in migrants

Okkupant om okkupert. Fremstillingen av nordmenn i Deutsche Polarzeitung og Polar-Kurier (1941–1945)

Under den tyske okkupasjonen av Norge 1940–1945 møttes okkupant og okkupert; tyskere og nordmenn; soldater og sivile. Denne avhandlingen søker å avdekke hvordan nordmenn ble fremstilt i den tyske okkupasjonsavisen Deutsche Polarzeitung, fra november 1944 Polar-Kurier, utgitt i Tromsø 9. februar 1941–6. mai 1945. Avisen er lite utforsket i tidligere forskning, men kildeundersøkelser tilsier at den trolig må forstås som et sivilt presseprodukt. Imidlertid var den sannsynligvis hovedsakelig rettet mot tyske og tyskallierte soldater i Norge, og i tillegg deltok soldater i produksjonen av avisen. Fremstillingene analyseres hovedsakelig kvalitativt ved representasjonsanalyse, og det undersøkes hvilke emner nordmenn ble presentert i forbindelse med, hvordan språkbruken om nordmenn var, samt hvordan relasjonen mellom nordmenn og tyskere ble fremstilt som et fellesskap. Slik søker avhandlingen å besvare to problemstillinger: Hvorvidt fremstillingene av nordmenn var preget av en ideologisk slagside; enten en SS-ideologisk rasebasert tankegang eller en mer økonomisk «Großraumwirtschaft»-tenking, eller om de kan knyttes til mer allmenne former for tyske Norden-svermeri, eller om representasjonene av nordmenn først og fremst må forstås i lys av Deutsche Polarzeitung og Polar-Kurier som nyhetsorgan. Videre undersøkes det om fremstillingene var dynamiske eller statiske, og om det slik kan spores en utvikling i representasjonen av nordmenn. Dette gjøres ved utvalget av fire ulike måneder: Først undersøkes fremstillingen av nordmenn i avisens første uker (9. februar–4. mars 1941) og måneden etter Svolvær-raidet (5. mars–4. april 1941). Deretter undersøkes fremstillingene i august 1943, som i stor grad ble preget av tyske aksjoner mot norske partisaner. Til slutt studeres representasjonene av nordmenn i tidsrommet 21. november–20. desember 1944, og dermed etter overgangen til Polar-Kurier, som var en sammenslåing av Deutsche Polarzeitung og Lappland-Kurier i november 1944. Siste periode innebærer slik også tiden under og etter tysk tilbaketrekning fra Finland og tvangsevakueringen av den norske befolkningen i Finnmark og Nord-Troms. En undersøkelse av Deutsche Polarzeitung og Polar-Kurier finnes i appendiks

Differential Influences of Parenting Dimensions and Parental Physical Abuse during Childhood on Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents

Besides other explanatory variables, parenting styles and parental violence might also be responsible for setting a path towards overweight/obesity in childhood. While this association has consistently been observed for adults, findings for adolescents still remain scarce and inconsistent. Therefore, the goal of this study is to add evidence on this topic for children and adolescents. Analyses are based on a sample of 1729 German, ninth-grade students. To analyze associations between parenting dimensions and weight status, non-parametric conditional inference trees were applied. Three gender-specific pathways for a heightened risk of overweight/obesity were observed: (1) female adolescents who report having experienced severe parental physical abuse and medium/high parental warmth in childhood; (2) male adolescents who report having experienced low or medium parental monitoring in childhood; and (3) this second pathway for male adolescents is more pronounced if the families receive welfare. The importance of promoting parenting styles characterized by warmth and a lack of physical abuse is also discussed. This is one of only a few studies examining the association of parenting dimensions/parental physical abuse and weight status in adolescence. Future studies should include even more parenting dimensions, as well as parental physical abuse levels, in order to detect and untangle gender-specific effects on weight status

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The Building of Empathy: Conceptual “Pillars” and Conversational Practices in Psychotherapy

Empathy can be considered a special type of cooperation between therapist and patient. This exploratory study compares psychoanalytical, depth-psychological and behavioural therapy, in each case using transcriptions of audio recordings of initial, mid-term and late sessions. For each school of therapy, five treatments are included, creating a database of 45 sessions. We describe the project and the method of conversation analysis using examples of these transcripts and hypothesise that while all three schools of therapy are faced with common fundamental problems concerning the realisation of empathy, one can observe empathy profiles specific to each school. Here, we introduce theoretical groundwork and the terminology of conversation analysis. The topic may be of particular interest to clinicians, since everyday problems are examined through the prism of microanalysis