Premières données de l’étude par radio-pistage VHF des déplacements des chats dans un site majeur de reproduction du Puffin Yelkouan, endémique de Méditerranée

Le chat représente un des prédateurs invasifs les plus menaçants pour les espèces natives des îles et particulièrement pour les oiseaux marins adultes qui sont fortement vulnérables à la prédation. Les populations du Puffin Yelkouan, espèce endémique du bassin méditerranéen, sont réparties en quelques grandes colonies de reproduction et sont en voie de déclin, notamment du fait de l’impact des chats harets et errants. Dans une étude précédemment publiée, l’impact des chats introduits sur la population de puffins de l’île du Levant a été évalué au travers du régime alimentaire du chat sur une période de deux ans. Cette étude a mis en évidence que les chats consommaient trois proies principales : le Lapin, le Rat noir et le Puffin Yelkouan, et qu’un pic de prédation de puffins était observé dès leur arrivée sur les colonies (période de prospection). Nous avons donc cherché à compléter ce travail par une étude préliminaire visant à étudier les patrons de mouvement de quatre chats (trois chats harets et un chat domestique) via un suivi VHF (very high frequency), dans le but d’analyser leurs comportements individuels et leurs domaines vitaux sur l’île du Levant, qui est l’un des principaux sites de reproduction du Puffin Yelkouan. Nos résultats montrent que deux des trois chats harets ont été détectés dans les colonies de puffins durant les périodes de prospection et de reproduction de cet oiseau marin alors que le chat domestique n’a jamais été détecté dans ces colonies. Cela suggère que les patrons de déplacement des quatre chats suivis puissent être liés à la présence des puffins dès que ces oiseaux marins arrivent à la colonie. Les chats suivis montrent des domaines vitaux de taille relativement réduite, plus larges pour les chats harets qui couvrent de plus grandes distances, et avec des territoires chevauchants, que pour le chat domestique. Ces résultats préliminaires de patrons de déplacements, couplés aux résultats précédents de prédation du chat sur le Puffin Yelkouan, nous indiquent que l’impact du chat haret se doit d’être limité. Cet objectif doit être atteint en effectuant une stratégie de gestion efficace qui tiendrait compte des patrons de déplacements des chats afin d’éviter l’épuisement d’un des sites de reproduction les plus importants pour cette espèce de puffin endémique de MéditerranéeCats are considered one of the most harmful invasive predators of island native species, particularly adult shearwaters, which are highly vulnerable to predation. Populations of Yelkouan shearwater, an endemic species of the Mediterranean basin with only a few large breeding colonies, are predicted to decline in response to feral or free-roaming cats. In a previous study, the impact of introduced cats on the Yelkouan shearwater population of Le Levant Island was assessed through the analysis of cat diet over a two-year period. The study showed that cats prey upon three staple species: rabbits, rats, and shearwaters, with a peak of predation on shearwaters immediately upon their arrival at colonies (prospecting period). Here, we supplement this previous work by conducting a preliminary study on the movement patterns of four free-roaming cats (three feral and one domestic) using very high frequency (VHF) tracking to analyse individual behaviour and home ranges on Le Levant Island, one of the Yelkouan shearwater’s major breeding sites. Our results show that two of the three feral cats were recorded inside and in close vicinity to the shearwater colonies, mainly during the prospecting period, while the domestic cat was never recorded inside the colonies. This suggests that some feral cats could show movement behavioural patterns linked to the shearwater presence as soon as these seabirds arrive at the colonies. The monitored domestic cat also showed a relatively small home range, while feral cats covered larger distances and with overlapping territories. Based on these preliminary results of cat movement behaviour, in addition to the previous results of cat predation, it is evident that cat impact must be reduced. This may be achieved through accurate management strategy that takes cat movement behaviour into account to avoid exhausting one of the most important breeding sites for this Mediterranean endemic specie

Snow accumulation and ablation measurements in a midlatitude mountain coniferous forest (Col de Porte, France, 1325 m altitude): the Snow Under Forest (SnoUF) field campaign data set

Forests strongly modify the accumulation, metamorphism and melting of snow in midlatitude and high-latitude regions. Recently, snow routines in hydrological and land surface models were improved to incorporate more accurate representations of forest snow processes, but model intercomparison projects have identified deficiencies, partly due to incomplete knowledge of the processes controlling snow cover in forests. The Snow Under Forest (SnoUF) project was initiated to enhance knowledge of the complex interactions between snow and vegetation. Two field campaigns, during the winters 2016–2017 and 2017–2018, were conducted in a coniferous forest bordering the snow study at Col de Porte (1325 m a.s.l., French Alps) to document the snow accumulation and ablation processes. This paper presents the field site, the instrumentation and the collection and postprocessing methods. The observations include distributed forest characteristics (tree inventory, lidar measurements of forest structure, subcanopy hemispherical photographs), meteorology (automatic weather station and an array of radiometers), snow cover and depth (snow pole transect and laser scan) and snow interception by the canopy during precipitation events. The weather station installed under dense canopy during the first campaign has been maintained since then and has provided continuous measurements throughout the year since 2018. Data are publicly available from the repository of the Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) data center at https://doi.org/10.17178/SNOUF.2022 (Sicart et al., 2022).</p

A value-based comparison of the management of ambulatory respiratory diseases in walk-in clinics, primary care practices, and emergency departments : protocol for a multicenter prospective cohort study

Background: In Canada, 30%-60% of patients presenting to emergency departments are ambulatory. This category has been labeled as a source of emergency department overuse. Acting on the presumption that primary care practices and walk-in clinics offer equivalent care at a lower cost, governments have invested massively in improving access to these alternative settings in the hope that patients would present there instead when possible, thereby reducing the load on emergency departments. Data in support of this approach remain scarce and equivocal. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the value of care received in emergency departments, walk-in clinics, and primary care practices by ambulatory patients with upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, influenza-like illness, pneumonia, acute asthma, or acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study will be performed in Ontario and Québec. In phase 1, a time-driven activity-based costing method will be applied at each of the 15 study sites. This method uses time as a cost driver to allocate direct costs (eg, medication), consumable expenditures (eg, needles), overhead costs (eg, building maintenance), and physician charges to patient care. Thus, the cost of a care episode will be proportional to the time spent receiving the care. At the end of this phase, a list of care process costs will be generated and used to calculate the cost of each consultation during phase 2, in which a prospective cohort of patients will be monitored to compare the care received in each setting. Patients aged 18 years and older, ambulatory throughout the care episode, and discharged to home with one of the aforementioned targeted diagnoses will be considered. The estimated sample size is 1485 patients. The 3 types of care settings will be compared on the basis of primary outcomes in terms of the proportion of return visits to any site 3 and 7 days after the initial visit and the mean cost of care. The secondary outcomes measured will include scores on patient-reported outcome and experience measures and mean costs borne wholly by patients. We will use multilevel generalized linear models to compare the care settings and an overlap weights approach to adjust for confounding factors related to age, sex, gender, ethnicity, comorbidities, registration with a family physician, socioeconomic status, and severity of illness. Results: Phase 1 will begin in 2021 and phase 2, in 2023. The results will be available in 2025. Conclusions: The end point of our program will be for deciders, patients, and care providers to be able to determine the most appropriate care setting for the management of ambulatory emergency respiratory conditions, based on the quality and cost of care associated with each alternative

Arras : la gare au centre du développement urbain, 1846-2001

The city of Arras got its railway and its first station in 1846. A study of the three main stations – created in 1846,1898 and 1957 – underlines the elements which are relevant for their locations and evolutions. The site for the settlement of the first station was chosen for economic, social and urban matters and military obligations too. The removal and the extension of the station (between 1895 and 1898) aimed at attempts of urban renewal and economic development, the latter leading to the creation of secondary stations in the urban structure. Then the two world wars and the competition of road transport prevented the railway from expending whereas the adaptation caused by the arrival of the TGV tends to reorganise the equipments for the benefits of the passengers.La ville d'Arras obtient le passage du chemin de fer et sa première gare en 1846. La création des trois gares principales en 1846, 1898 et 1957 met en évidence les éléments qui président a` leur localisation et à leur évolution. Le site choisi pour installer la première gare répond à des préoccupations économiques, sociales et urbaines mais aussi à des contraintes militaires. Le déplacement et l'extension opérés en 1895-1898 correspondent à des intentions de rénovation urbaine et de développement économique, ce dernier suscitant la création de gares annexes dans le tissu urbain. Les deux guerres mondiales et la concurrence des transports routiers contrarient ensuite l'extension de l'emprise ferroviaire, alors que l'adaptation à l'arrivée du TGV tend à provoquer une réorganisation des installations en faveur du trafic voyageurs. *** . . - Article disponible sur http://www.cairn.info/revue-histoire-urbaine-2004-3-p-31.htm consulté le 26/01/2010

Artisans de la mémoire et de la reconstruction symbolique de l’Acadie : le cas du Congrès mondial acadien

En nous appuyant sur une étude de l’édition de 2019 du Congrès mondial acadien, notre texte montre comment cet événement culturel s’inscrit dans le prolongement d’un travail de mémoire mené par des individus et des groupes de l’Acadie et de sa diaspora. Par ce travail, ceux-ci tentent de reconstruire symboliquement la communauté acadienne, que l’armée britannique avait cherché à détruire en la déportant, tout en exprimant la résilience du peuple acadien et en établissant et en entretenant des liens entre l’Acadie et sa diaspora. Aux fins de notre démonstration, nous présentons le cadre conceptuel qui nous a permis de comprendre comment la mémoire des événements historiques liés au Grand Dérangement ou à la déportation du peuple acadien s’est construite et a revêtu une dimension mythique. Ce cadre conceptuel nous sert ensuite à mieux saisir le sens du Congrès mondial acadien pour les personnes qui en assurent l’organisation et celles qui y participent.Based on the scientific literature and on a study we did on the Congrès mondial acadien (Acadian World Congress), our text shows how this cultural event is a prolongation of a remembrance carried out by individuals and groups from Acadia and its diaspora. Using this collective project, they attempt to symbolically rebuild the Acadian community—which the British army attempted to dismantle through deportation—by reestablishing ties with its diaspora. For the purposes of our demonstration, we present the conceptual framework that allowed us to understand how the memory of historical events related to the Great Upheaval and the deportation of the Acadian people was constructed and took on a mythical dimension. This framework is then used to better understand the meaning of the Acadian World Congress for its organizers and participants

Error Estimation of Polynomial Chaos Approximations in Transient Structural Dynamics

International audienceUsually, within stochastic framework, a testing dataset is used to evaluate the approximation error between a surrogate model (e.g. a Polynomial Chaos expansion) and the exact model. We propose here another method to estimate the quality of an approximated solution of a stochastic process, within the context of structural dynamics. We demonstrate that the approximation error is governed by an equation based on the residue of the approximate solution. This problem can be solved numerically using an approximated solution, here a coarse Monte Carlo simulation. The developed estimate is compared to a reference solution on a simple case. The study of this comparison makes it possible to validate the efficiency of the proposed method. This validation has been observed using different sets of simulations. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach to a more challenging problem, we also present a problem with a large number of random parameters. This illustration shows the interest of the method compared to classical estimates

Rassembler les Acadies d’ici et d’ailleurs : le cas du Congrès mondial acadien

Cet article présente les principaux résultats de l’étude que nous avons menée sur le Congrès mondial acadien (CMA), qui s’est tenu en 2019 à l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard et dans le sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick. Événement culturel majeur en Acadie, se déroulant tous les cinq ans depuis 1994, le CMA vise à raffermir les liens entre l’Acadie et sa diaspora. Il offre aux personnes qui y participent l’occasion de vivre des expériences identitaires, de faire des rencontres mémorables, notamment à l’occasion des réunions de familles, et de discuter de l’Acadie et de sa diaspora. Notre étude a porté sur le sens des expériences vécues par les participantes et participants, notamment sur le plan identitaire.This article presents the main results of a study conducted on the Congrès mondial acadien (CMA, or World Acadian Congress) held in Prince Edward Island and southeastern New Brunswick in 2019. A major cultural event in Acadia, organized every five years since 1994, the CMA aims to strengthen the ties between Acadia and its diaspora. It offers participants the opportunity to enjoy identity experiences, to have meaningful encounters, particularly in the context of family reunions, and to discuss Acadia and its diaspora. Our study focused on the meaning of the participant’s experiences, particularly in terms of identity