Una reflexión sobre las cadenas productivas

Desde que se creó la ley 811 del 2003 donde se definió la formación de las cadenas productivas el MADR se dio a la tarea de apoyar el establecimiento de las mismas, con la convicción que ese modelo de integración de los interesados pudiera ser la solución para el desarrollo del campo colombiano, entendiendo que ese sistema es la respuesta al proceso de industrialización de la producción de alimentos para los seres humanos. “Originalmente, la palabra cadena se ha utilizado para referirse a un objeto constituido por una serie de eslabones, generalmente metálicos, enlazados entre sí”. La cadena de la que hablamos los eslabones son personas naturales o jurídicas que intervienen directa o indirectamente en el producción de alimento

Endomarketing y la calidad de servicio interno en las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector salud de Barranquilla

Maestría en AdministraciónThe research aims to analyze the relationship between the Endomarketing and the internal service Quality of the small and medium enterprises of the health sector of Barranquilla. Supported by the theoretical postulates of Berry & Parasuraman (1991), Gronross (1990), Kotler & Keller ( 2006), Escobar (2016) y Picota y Pinzón (2014), Caridad, Salazar, & Castellano, (2017) Albretch (1992), Simancas (2012) and Zeithaml V. & Parasuraman (2004) Najul (2011), Prieto, Burgos, Jesús, & Yanyn (2016), (Duque Oliva, 2005; Zeithaml, Parasuraman, & Berry, 1985), (Regalado Otto, 2011), Najul (2011), González & Hernández, (2012) , Prieto, Burgos, Jesús, & Yanyn (2016) with a deductive methodological approach and a quantitative paradigm and non-experimental field design, the survey was used as a technique by applying a Likert type scale questionnaire, which was implemented to a population characterized by 16 customer care professionals from small and medium-sized enterprises from Barranquilla health sector (IPS). The data collected were processed through descriptive statistics. The results showed that the elements of Endomarketing and the dimensions of quality of service have weak positive correlations; however they are recognized and identificated of the implementation of each one of them in the companies. Strong evidence was shown in the trust and responsibility given to the internal customer and in the provision of equipment and tools to promote the good performance of their work. Regarding the weaknesses, those related to communication, remuneration and interest policies towards the collaborators.La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre el Endomarketing y calidad del servicio interno de las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector salud de Barranquilla. Soportado en los postulados teóricos de of Berry & Parasuraman (1991), Gronross (1990), Kotler & Keller ( 2006), Escobar (2016) y Picota y Pinzón (2014), Caridad, Salazar, & Castellano, (2017) Albretch (1992), and Zeithaml V. & Parasuraman (2004) Najul (2011), Prieto, Burgos, Jesús, & Yanyn (2016), (Duque Oliva, 2005; Zeithaml, Parasuraman, & Berry, 1985), (Regalado Otto, 2011), Najul (2011), González & Hernández, (2012) Simancas (2012), Prieto, Burgos, Jesús, & Yanyn (2016). Con un enfoque metodológico deductivo con paradigma cuantitativo y diseño no experimental de campo, se utilizó como técnica la encuesta aplicando un cuestionario de escala tipo Likert, el cual fue aplicado a una población caracterizada por 16 personas de atención al cliente de las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector salud (IPS) de Barranquilla. Los datos recolectados fueron procesados a través de estadística descriptiva. Los resultados arrojaron que los elementos de endomarketing y las dimensiones de la calidad de servicio tienen correlaciones positivas débiles, sin embargo, se reconocen e identifican la implementación de cada una de éstas en las empresas. Se evidenció fortaleza en la confianza y responsabilidad que se le brinda al cliente interno y en el suministro de equipos y herramientas que propicien el buen desarrollo de sus labores. Con respecto a las debilidades se derivaron aquellas relacionadas con las políticas de comunicación, remuneración e interés hacia los colaboradores

Characteristics of Buffalo Production and Research Systems in Southern Mexico

Background: This research aimed to characterize the production units of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and review the published scientific literature in southeastern Mexico. Methods: Between May and June 2020, a questionnaire was created in Google forms, distributed through social networks, and emailed to buffalo breeders. In addition, a review of different scientific databases on the experimental studies developed in Mexico on buffalo was performed. Results: Data was collected from 8,867 animals from 13 producers located in southeastern Mexico; dual-purpose (milk-meat) is the primary zootechnical purpose (69.24%), and the rest is meat production. The buffalo herd is mainly composed of females (72.09%). Females are used primarily to repopulate the herd and males for meat production. Mortality in adults remained between 2 to 5%. 30.76% of the producers produce milk (495 females) with 5.1 L/d on average. 100% of the producers stated that they transform the milk into dairy products, mainly cheeses and other products. In the case of meat production, 31.97% of the males are fattened based on pastures with a weight range between 400-600 kg at the age of 22 months (range 18-30 months). Between 2012-and 2021, 19 studies related mainly to herd health (63.15%) were registered. Conclusion: It is concluded that this Mexican species has great productive potential with different areas for improvement. Due to sanitary management and rusticity, mortality is low. It is necessary to develop other lines of research associated with the reproduction, production of milk/meat, health, quality of products, safety, and sustainability of buffalo activity in Mexico

Efficacy and Safety of Topical Fipronil 1% and Deltamethrin 0.1% in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Naturally Infested by Haematopinus tuberculatus

Haematopinus tuberculatus is the main arthropod affecting buffaloes around the world. It causes intense itching and restlessness, altering feeding habits, thus reducing animal productivity. This parasitosis is seldom studied, as it does not lead to significant animal mortality or financial losses. In this project, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of two commercially available products for control of pediculosis in naturally infested buffaloes. A total of 24 milk producing, clinically healthy female buffaloes that were naturally infested by lice were included in this study. Animals were equally distributed into two groups: group 1 was treated with a single dose of pour on Fipronil (1%, Carval de Colombia, 1 ml of product per 10 kg of live weight). Group 2 was treated with a single dose of deltamethrin (5%, Bioara, SA), at a final concentration of 0,1% applied with an aspersion pump as a single bath of 4 liters of diluted solution per animal. Lice were counted weekly from day 1 to day 58 post-treatment. Up to day 23 post-treatment, no significant differences in efficacy were observed between products.Fipronil 1% consistently exhibited an efficacy above 70% from day 8 and until 30 day of the study. These results suggest that both products are efficient and safe to control lice infestations in buffaloes. However, fipronil 1% exhibited a greater residual effect, which reduces the number of baths required to treat infested animals, and reduces the probability of selecting for drug-resistant lice populations

Stability and Thermal Properties Study of Metal Chalcogenide-Based Nanofluids for Concentrating Solar Power

Nanofluids are colloidal suspensions of nanomaterials in a fluid which exhibit enhanced thermophysical properties compared to conventional fluids. The addition of nanomaterials to a fluid can increase the thermal conductivity, isobaric-specific heat, diffusivity, and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the original fluid. For this reason, nanofluids have been studied over the last decades in many fields such as biomedicine, industrial cooling, nuclear reactors, and also in solar thermal applications. In this paper, we report the preparation and characterization of nanofluids based on one-dimensional MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets to improve the thermal properties of the heat transfer fluid currently used in concentrating solar plants (CSP). A comparative study of both types of nanofluids was performed for explaining the influence of nanostructure morphologies on nanofluid stability and thermal properties. The nanofluids prepared in this work present a high stability over time and thermal conductivity enhancements of up to 46% for MoS2-based nanofluid and up to 35% for WS2-based nanofluid. These results led to an increase in the efficiency of the solar collectors of 21.3% and 16.8% when the nanofluids based on MoS2 nanowires or WS2 nanosheets were used instead of the typical thermal oil

Análisis in silico de la expresión génica en células de granulosa de folículos preovulatorios en dos especies de bovinos

Buffaloes and cattle are two species of bovines with great similarity in their reproductive physiology, but at the same time with great difference in their reproductive parameters. The objective of this work is to compare gene expression in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles of these two species, based on information available in the literature, existing transcriptome repositories and functional analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Only two independent studies comparing buffalo and cattle in terms of gene expression in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles were found. Expression data were analyzed independently and in combination. It was found that, between buffaloes and cattle, there is practically no correspondence between the processes evaluated, neither in the canonical pathways, nor in the upstream regulators, only some correspondence is found between the networks and physiological aspects of each process. It is concluded that each species has a different way of carrying out the same process and that each event should be studied according to the needs of the researchers.Los búfalos y vacunos son dos especies de bovinos con gran parecido en su fisiología reproductiva, pero a la vez con gran diferencia en sus parámetros reproductivos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es comparar la expresión génica en células de granulosa de folículos preovulatorios de estas dos especies, basados en información disponible en la literatura, los repositorios de transcriptomas existentes y en el análisis funcional usando Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Sólo se encontraron dos estudios independientes en los que se comparan búfalos y vacunos en cuanto a la expresión génica en células de la granulosa de folículos preovulatorios. Se analizaron los datos de expresión de forma independiente y combinada. Se encontró que, entre búfalos y vacunos, prácticamente no hay correspondencia entre los procesos evaluados, ni en las vías canónicas, ni en los reguladores corriente arriba, solamente se encuentra alguna correspondencia entre las redes y aspectos fisiológicos de cada proceso. Se concluye que cada especie tiene forma diferente de realizar el mismo proceso y que debe investigarse cada evento de acuerdo con las necesidades de los investigadores

Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Performance of Calcined ZnCr-Layered Double Hydroxides

The development of new materials for performing photocatalytic processes to remove contaminants is an interesting and important research line due to the ever-increasing number of contaminants on our planet. In this sense, we developed a layered double hydroxide material based on Zn and Cr, which was transformed into the corresponding oxide by heat treatment at 500 & DEG;C. Both materials were widely characterized for their elemental composition, and structural, morphological, optical and textural properties using several experimental techniques such as x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and physisorption techniques. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of both materials was analysed. The calcined one showed interesting photocatalytic activity in photodegradation tests using crystal violet dye. The operational parameters for the photocatalytic process using the calcined material were optimised, considering the pH, the initial concentration of the dye, the catalyst load, and the regeneration of the catalyst. The catalyst showed good photocatalytic activity, reaching a degradation of 100% in the optimised conditions and showing good performance after five photodegradation cycles.This research was funded by 2014-2020 ERDF Operational Programme and by the Department of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University of the Regional Government of Andalusia, grant number FEDER-UCA18-107510

Imprinting, Sucking and Allosucking Behaviors in Buffalo Calves

This paper provides a short review of the scientific literature, focusing on recent advances on the most representative events from birth to weaning, with special emphasis on the behavior and welfare of buffalo calves during the phases of imprinting, suckling and allosucking, based on the differences and similarities reported with dairy and beef cattle. The similarities include the facts that all 3 are gregarious animals whose dams separate from the herd prior to parturition to facilitate dam-calf bonding, and that maternal care fosters the ingestion of colostrum by the young. These species are also precocial and rely on mother - young mutual recognition for calf survival. In particular, mothers develop a selective bonding with their young soon after parturition, although buffalo cows seem to be tolerant to alien claves and are often engaged in communal nursing. In buffaloes and cattle negative emotions are induced by the stress brought on by early maternal separation. However, buffalo calves are more prone to express cross-sucking and contract neonatal diseases with higher mortality rates in intensive systems as compared to cattle. The review concludes that all three exhibit similar behaviors from parturition to weaning although the knowledge about the specific needs of buffalo calves should be increased and appropriate management practices implemented to improve their welfare state

Razlike u razinama anti-Müllerovog hormona u krvnoj plazmi i reproduktivnih parametara između dvije vrste goveda Bos indicus i Bubalus bubalis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationships between reproductive parameters and Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels in two closely related bovine species. AMH levels and the reproductive parameters of 50 water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and 50 Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) of the same age and raised in similar conditions were evaluated. Clinical data were obtained from the farm in specialized designed format, and AMH was measured by ELISA. The results show that Zebu cattle had higher AMH levels than water buffaloes (P<0.0001), while water buffaloes exhibited better reproductive parameters: days open to pregnancy (P<0.0001), parity (P<0.0005), age at first calving (P<0.0001), and intercalving period (P<0.0001). Although both species have different reproductive parameters, no correlations were found between AMH and the reproductive parameters evaluated in either species. Finally, pregnant Zebu cattle and water buffalo showed a tendency to have lower AMH levels than non-pregnant counterparts. The results are paradoxical as the species with lower AMH levels exhibited better reproductive parameters, suggesting that the reproductive parameters within the herd do not depend solely on the ovarian reserve of females.Cilj je ovog rada bio procijeniti je li moguće ustanoviti povezanost između reproduktivnih parametara i razina anti-Müllerovog hormona (AMH) u dvije blisko srodne vrste goveda. Analizirane su razine AMH i reproduktivni parametri 50 bivola (Bubalus bubalis) i 50 zebu goveda (Bos indicus) iste dobi uzgojenih u sličnim uvjetima. Klinički podatci dobiveni su s farme u posebno osmišljenom pokusu. AMH je određivan pomoću ELISA metode. Rezultati pokazuju da su razine AMH više u goveda nego u bivola (P<0,0001). Bivoli su pokazali bolje reproduktivne parametre: servisno razdoblje (P<0,0001), paritet (P<0,0005), dob kod prvog teljenja (P<0,0001) i međutelidbeno razdoblje (P<0,0001). Premda obje vrste imaju različite reproduktivne parametre, nije ustanovljena povezanost između AMH i analiziranih reproduktivnih parametara niti u jedne od istraživanih vrsta. Zaključno, steone ženke goveda i bivola pokazuju tendenciju manjih razina AMH u usporedbi s nesteonim. Rezultati dobiveni u ovoj studiji su paradoksalni, jer vrste s nižim AMH razinama pokazuju bolje reproduktivne parametre. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na to da reproduktivni parametri unutar krda ne ovise samo o rezervi jajnih stanica u ženki

Multifunctional microcapsules based on ZnO and n-octadecane: From thermal energy storage to photocatalytic activity

Energy management is one of the most important issues to be addressed in the near future in many fields, one of which is buildings. In this sense, new phase change materials (PCM) are being widely studied for storing energy. Encapsulating PCM is a good way to incorporate these materials into different applications in which energy storage is useful. In this study, microcapsules based on ZnO containing n-octadecane as a phase change material were synthesized and characterized with regard to their structural, morphological and optical properties according to several synthesis parameters, such as the proportion of precursors, stirring rate and ageing time. The microcapsules were characterized using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV–Vis spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode. The presence of n-octadecane inside the capsules was confirmed. Their thermal behaviour was analysed by means of differential scanning calorimetry. Heating/cooling cycles were performed, after which the microcapsules presented good stability. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiency was estimated from melting and crystallization enthalpy values, reaching a value of 23.1%. Moreover, the isobaric specific heat of the microcapsules is higher than that of ZnO, which means that substituting ZnO with microcapsules in buildings leads to an important increase in the amount of sensible heat stored. Finally, the photocatalytic activity of the microcapsules was analysed by studying the photodegradation of Crystal Violet dye. The degradation rate increased when the microcapsules were present, so the photocatalytic activity of the microcapsules was confirmed under UV and visible irradiation, which is of interest because they can be used to remove organic pollutants from buildings.10 página