La chiesa extraurbana di Tuscolo. Prime ipotesi di identificazione.

6 páginas, 6 figuras, 21 referencias. Si deve alla sensibilità archeologica di Xavier Dupré, archeologo di formazione classica, l'attenzione riservata in questi anni all'analisi delle problematiche tuscolane medievali e l'ampio spazio ad esse dedicato all'interno dei progetti editoriali della Scuola Spagnola. A lui dedico questo studio, con affetto e riconoscenza per tutto ciò che in questi anni di proficua collaborazione mi ha insegnato.Gli scavi condotti a partire dal 1994 dall 'Escuela Española de Historia y Argueolgía en Roma-CSIC nell'area dell'antico e abbandonato sito di Tuscolo hanno restituito consistenti tracce di fasi insediative databili ai secoli centrali del medioevo, in misura superiore ad ogni più rosea previsione. All 'inizio delle ricerche gli archeologi nutrivano infatti ben poche speranze di poter ancora rinvenire in situ resti significativi dell'abitato di XI-XII secolo, a causa delle testimonianze fornite in tal senso sia dalle fonti storiche coeve, sia dai diari di scavo relativi alle campagne archeologiche condotte al Tuscolo a partire dal XVIII secolo.Peer reviewe

Renacimiento, apogeo y declive de Tuscolo en el medioevo: historia de una ciudad en las puertas de Roma, a la luz de las recientes excavaciones arqueológicas españolas

[EN]Since 1994, the Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma (CSIC) has undertaken archaeological excavations in the ancient city of Tuscolo. After ten seasons, although there are many gaps, there are ever more data which enhance our knowledge of the formal features of the city throughout the long period of its history, from the archaic period until the Middle Ages. The available stratigraphic data allow to date the medieval occupation of Tuscolo from the end of the Xth century, and the existence of a series of layers demonstrate an intense occupation of ancient city until its final destruction (17th April 1191). The city was the capital of the Counts of Tuscolo (end of the Xth century- second half of the XII century), and after that it became a papal city. Archaeological results and historical sources coherently confirm that the city played an important political and economical role in the Latian context, and the rivalry between Tuscolo and Rome itself.[ES]Partiendo de los resultados obtenidos en las sucesivas excavaciones arqueológicas que desde el año 1994 la Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma ha llevado a cabo en el asentamiento hoy abandonado de Tuscolo, el artículo intenta reconstruir la fisonomía originaria de la ciudad en época medieval. Las excavaciones han suministrado muchos elementos útiles para reconstruir las dinámicas de desarrollo urbanístico del yacimiento entre los siglos XI y XII, hasta su destrucción final acaecida el 17 de abril de 1191, y en particular han puesto de relieve las diferentes modalidades de ocupación del área en los años de dominio tusculano (finales del siglo X- segunda mitad del siglo XII) y en los años posteriores al abandono de la ciudad por parte del potente linaje aristocrático, cuando Tuscolo pasó bajo el control pontificio. El trabajo de investigación se ha planteado a partir de una lectura cruzada de los datos arqueológicos y de las fuentes histórico-documentales disponibles, con el objetivo de comprender el papel desempeñado en el territorio lacial por esta importante ciudad, rival en muchas ocasiones de la propia Roma en la historia socio-económica y política de la época.Peer reviewe

Una passeggiata particolare: tracce archeologiche della riscoperta e prima valorizzazione di Tusculum

Le conferenze impartite dal professor Ricardo Olmos in qualità di direttore della Escuela española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma si tramutavano immancabilmente in vere e proprie esperienze di crescita culturale, grazie alla ricchezza dell’universo letterario di riferimento dell’autore, alla sua prosa elegante e all’acume con cui rileggeva e interpretava le tracce del passato. Fu in occasione di una di queste conferenze che citò, parafrasandolo, un verso tratto dal poema barocco dell’Epístola moral a Fabio: “el autor detiene un momento la mirada ante las ruinas antiguas y se interroga: De la pasada edad, ¿qué me ha quedado?”. Traspare dalla scelta del verso la sensibilità con cui Ricardo Olmos osserva e indaga il mondo antico, lo sguardo attento e profondo che lo caratterizza e che lo ha accompagnato anche in quella che lui stesso ebbe occasione di definire “la experiencia enriquecedora, nutricia y ‘alma’ de su estancia en Roma”

improvement of bioremediation performance for the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated sediments

Microcosm bioremediation strategies were applied to sediments contaminated with hydrocarbons. Experiments were performed in aerobic conditions in a single-step treatment and in a two-step anaerobic-aerobic treatment. In aerobic conditions, either inorganic nutrients or composts were added to the microcosms, while, in the first anaerobic phase of the two-step experiment, acetate and/or allochthonous sulfate-reducing bacteria were used. After the treatment under anaerobic conditions, samples were exposed to aerobic conditions in the presence of compost. In the aerobic treatments, 81% hydrocarbon biodegradation was observed after 43 days in the presence of inorganic nutrients. In aerobic conditions in the presence of mature compost, hydrocarbon biodegradation was 51% after 43 days of treatment, whereas it was 47% after 21 days with fresh compost. The two-step experiment allowed us to obtain a hydrocarbon degradation of 91%, after a first anaerobic step with an inoculum of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes

Extraction of Zinc and Manganese from Alkaline and Zinc-Carbon Spent Batteries by Citric-Sulphuric Acid Solution

The paper is focused on the recovery of zinc and manganese from alkaline and zinc-carbon spent batteries. Metals are extracted by sulphuric acid leaching in the presence of citric acid as reducing agent. Leaching tests are carried out according to a24full factorial design, and empirical equations for Mn and Zn extraction yields are determined from experimental data as a function of pulp density, sulphuric acid concentration, temperature, and citric acid concentration. The highest values experimentally observed for extraction yields were 97% of manganese and 100% of zinc, under the following operating conditions: temperature40∘C, pulp density 20%, sulphuric acid concentration 1.8 M, and citric acid 40 gL-1. A second series of leaching tests is also performed to derive other empirical models to predict zinc and manganese extraction. Precipitation tests, aimed both at investigating precipitation of zinc during leaching and at evaluating recovery options of zinc and manganese, show that a quantitative precipitation of zinc can be reached but a coprecipitation of nearly 30% of manganese also takes place. The achieved results allow to propose a battery recycling process based on a countercurrent reducing leaching by citric acid in sulphuric solution

End-of-Life Liquid Crystal Display Recovery: Toward a Zero-Waste Approach

End-of-life liquid crystal displays (LCD) represent a possible source of secondary raw materials, mainly glass and an optoelectronic film composed of indium (90%) and tin (10%) oxides. A strong interest for indium, classified as critical raw material, pushed research towards the development of high-efficiency recycling processes. Nevertheless, a deepened study of the technological innovation highlighted that only a small number of treatments included use of whole waste. Furthermore, these processes often need high temperatures, long times, and raw materials that have a significant environmental impact. In this context, this article shows an approach developed in accordance with the "zero waste" principles for whole, end-of-life LCD panel recycling. This process includes preliminary grinding, followed by cross-current acid leaching and indium recovery by zinc cementation, with efficiencies greater than 90%. A recirculation system further increases sustainability of the process. To enhance all waste fractions, glass cullets from leaching are used for concrete production, avoiding their disposal in landfill sites. Considering the achieved efficiencies, combined the simple design suitable for real-scale application (as confirmed by the related patent pending), this process represents an excellent example of implementing circular economy pillars