Advertising and Entry Deterrence: How the Size of the Market Matters

We analyze the relationship between market size and entry when an incumbent and potentially an entrant compete to gain market share and advertising is the only strategic variable. Entry occurs when the relative effectiveness of incumbent's advertising is smaller than a threshold level that depends on the size of the market. This threshold level is monotonically and positively related to market size. Consequently, equilibrium with entry is more likely the greater is the size of the market.advertising; entry; market size

Advertising and entry deterrence: how the size of the market matters

Schmalensee (1974) shows that, when the cost functions of the advertising e¤ort are linear, the monopoly position is only sustained when the advertising�s e¤ectiveness of the incumbent is relatively high. We show that this result does not hold in a more general nonlinear cost. The no-entry equilibrium may hold even when the relative e¤ectiveness of the incumbent is low. This happens when the size of the market is su¢ ciently low.Advertising, Entry, Market seize

The Value of Rents and the Likelihood of Conflicts

This paper extends the prey--predator model of Grossman and Kim (1995) to analyze the relation between the value of the contested rent and the emergence of a conflict. We show that an increase in the value of the rent makes the conflict equilibrium more likely. We also analyze the case where the valuation of the rent is different for the two players. We find, for example, that a conflict equilibrium may occur even though the predator has an important disadvantage in warfare. That's when its valuation of the rent is sufficiently high compare to that of the prey.Conflict-size

Contribution à la modélisation des approches de coopération en e-maintenance.

International audienceCe travail traite des problèmes liés à la modélisation de la coopération entre différents agents (experts) situés à diffé-rents endroits, pour aider à diagnostiquer et à réparer des défaillances, dans un contexte de e-maintenance. Nous propo-sons des façons d'organiser la coopération entre les experts et de rendre l'information nécessaire à leur diagnostic suffi-samment disponible. Ceci tenant compte de plusieurs facteurs dont la disponibilité des experts, le caractère hétérogène des moyens de communication, et l'évolution dans le temps de l'état des installations à maintenir. Pour cela, nous avons adopté une méthodologie basée sur les modèles de Trenteseau, utilisant également les réseaux de Petri et la simulation. Des résultats de simulation de différentes situations seront présentées et discutées par rapport aux hypothèses et aux indicateurs de performances adoptés

SIG-CLIMALG: The geographical dimension of climate data in Algeria

In Algeria, implementation, monitoring and exploitation of climate data, development and dissemination of periodic publications and climate assistance to users, are tasks of the National Climatological Centre (NCC). Moreover, the effective management of this large volume of data requires the use of new technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In this context, the aim of the present work is to develop an IT solution on the Web, based on the use of Geographic Information Systems. The approach consists, first, to design databases to store various data used (climatic and topographic) considering the functional needs such as the dissemination of data in several modes (read, download) and the possibility direct data access from remote locations. Then the choice of technology and tools to implement a mapping solution that will allow, in addition to the functionality of storage and distribution of different types of data, analysis of climate observations by using a web service whitin the WPS (Web Processing Service) standard.Keywords: GIS, SIG-CLIMALG, climate data, WP

On the demand pressure hypothesis in option markets: the case of a redundant option

Gârleanu et al. (RFS 2009) show that a demand pressure phenomenon exists in option markets due to limit to arbitrage. They assert that if arbitrage is perfect, option demand does not impact option price. In this note we show that there is a positive relation between the demand for a redundant option and the option price, which is related to the beliefs of constrained investors regarding future payoffs

Advertising and Entry Deterrence: How the Size of the Market Matters

We analyze the relationship between market size and entry when an incumbent and potentially an entrant compete to gain market share and advertising is the only strategic variable. Entry occurs when the relative effectiveness of incumbent's advertising is smaller than a threshold level that depends on the size of the market. This threshold level is monotonically and positively related to market size. Consequently, equilibrium with entry is more likely the greater is the size of the market

Multilevel modeling of the effect of bullying on absenteeism and performance in Saudi schools

This study explores the role of bullying in Saudi schools to explain absenteeism, gender-gap and between-school variation in mathematics achievement. Using the 2015 Trends in the International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) dataset, the mathematics achievement scores and questionnaire responses of 4337 fourth-graders from 189 single-sex schools are analyzed. A multilevel linear modeling is employed; the results indicate that the level of student bullying and the average bullying score for that student’s school have a limited but significant impact on the risk of the student missing school. We highlight the potential role of bullying in explaining girls’ advantage in mathematics. The bullying level in a school is largely more predictive of the school mathematics achievement than measures of home background of students. All these findings demonstrate the need to tackle the bullying phenomenon in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the most afflicted all-boys schools, to reduce variation in performance between schools, decrease significantly the gender difference with regard to mathematics, and improve the overall attainment of Saudi schools and students

Modèle de phototransistor SiGe/Si haute-fréquences: effet de distribution spatiale bi-dimensionnelle

Ce papier présente les résultats de nos travaux de recherche concernant la modélisation d’un phototransistor à hétérojonction PTH SiGe. Dans ces travaux, nous nous sommes intéressés aux phénomènes survenant lors de la fabrication du composant PTH SiGe à partir d’un transistor bipolaire à hétérojonction HBT. Notamment la distribution spatiale du flux des porteurs de charges qui modifie les caractéristiques statique, optique et dynamique du composant