Mo\u3csup\u3eV\u3c/sup\u3e Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Sulfite Oxidase Revisited: The Low-pH Chloride Signal

Valuable information on the active sites of molybdenum enzymes has been provided by MoV electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In recent years, multiple resonance techniques have been extensively used to examine details of the active-site structure, but basic continuous-wave (CW) EPR has not been re-evaluated in several decades. Here, we present a re-examination of the CW EPR spectroscopy of the sulfite oxidase low-pH chloride species and provide evidence for direct coordination of molybdenum by chloride

Fruit and Vegetable Intake, Food Security, Barriers to Healthy Eating, and Empowerment Among Dietetic Interns and Physician Assistant Interns: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Students are required to complete supervised practice hours prior to becoming Registered Dietitians and Physician Assistants. Research suggests that environmental and social factors affect dietetic interns’ diets during their internship, although these factors have not been studied among physician assistant interns. This cross-sectional study utilized an online survey to compare dietetic interns’ (n = 81) and physician assistant interns’ (n = 79) fruit and vegetable intake, food security, barriers to healthy eating, and empowerment for making healthy dietary choices during an internship. Differences were assessed via independent t-tests and chi-square distributions. The significance was set at p \u3c 0.05. Dietetic interns had a higher vegetable intake (p = 0.002) while physician assistant interns had higher rates of food insecurity (p = 0.040). Dietetic interns reported a greater impact on their dietary choices due to mental fatigue (p = 0.006), while physician assistant interns’ dietary choices were more heavily impacted by peer influence, interactions with patients, and interactions with preceptors (p \u3c 0.05). There was not a group difference in overall empowerment (p = 0.157), although both groups rated empowerment for asking for help with food and nutrition challenges the lowest of the empowerment sub-items. Addressing interns’ unique needs may support students’ educational success and wellbeing once they are professionals, promote a diverse workforce, and ensure optimal care for patients

Becoming the best mom that I can: women's experiences of managing depression during pregnancy – a qualitative study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The purpose of this constructivist grounded theory study was to develop a theoretical model that explains women's processes of managing diagnosed depression when pregnant.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We explored the experiences of 19 women in Ontario who were diagnosed with depression during their pregnancy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The model that emerged from the analysis was becoming the best mom that I can. Becoming the best mom that I can explains the complex process of the women's journey as they travel from the depths of despair, where the depression is perceived to threaten their pregnancy and their ability to care for the coming baby, to arrive at knowing the self and being in a better place. In order to reground the self and regain control of their lives, the women had to recognize the problem, overcome shame and embarrassment, identify an understanding healthcare provider, and consider the consequences of the depression and its management. When confronting and confining the threat of depression, the women employed strategies of overcoming barriers, gaining knowledge, and taking control. As a result of counseling, medication, or a combination of both, women felt that they had arrived at a better place.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>For many women, the idea that depression could occur during pregnancy was antithetical to their vision of the pregnant self. The challenge for a pregnant woman who is diagnosed with depression, is that effective care for her may jeopardize her baby's future health. This provides a dilemma for about-to-be parents and their healthcare providers. Improved awareness of depression during pregnancy on the part of healthcare professionals is needed to improve the women's understanding of this disorder and their ability to recognize and seek help with depression should it occur during the prenatal period. Further qualitative research is needed to determine the specific aspects that need to be addressed in such classes.</p

Consultant medical trainers, modernising medical careers (MMC) and the European time directive (EWTD): tensions and challenges in a changing medical education context

Background: We analysed the learning and professional development narratives of Hospital Consultants training junior staff ('Consultant Trainers') in order to identify impediments to successful postgraduate medical training in the UK, in the context of Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) and the European Working Time Directive (EWTD). Methods: Qualitative study. Learning and continuing professional development (CPD), were discussed in the context of Consultant Trainers' personal biographies, organisational culture and medical education practices. We conducted life story interviews with 20 Hospital Consultants in six NHS Trusts in Wales in 2005. Results: Consultant Trainers felt that new working patterns resulting from the EWTD and MMC have changed the nature of medical education. Loss of continuity of care, reduced clinical exposure of medical trainees and loss of the popular apprenticeship model were seen as detrimental for the quality of medical training and patient care. Consultant Trainers' perceptions of medical education were embedded in a traditional medical education culture, which expected long hours' availability, personal sacrifices and learning without formal educational support and supervision. Over-reliance on apprenticeship in combination with lack of organisational support for Consultant Trainers' new responsibilities, resulting from the introduction of MMC, and lack of interest in pursuing training in teaching, supervision and assessment represent potentially significant barriers to progress. Conclusion: This study identifies issues with significant implications for the implementation of MMC within the context of EWTD. Postgraduate Deaneries, NHS Trusts and the new body; NHS: Medical Education England should deal with the deficiencies of MMC and challenges of ETWD and aspire to excellence. Further research is needed to investigate the views and educational practices of Consultant Medical Trainers and medical trainees

New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk.

Levels of circulating glucose are tightly regulated. To identify new loci influencing glycemic traits, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide association studies informative for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and indices of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in up to 46,186 nondiabetic participants. Follow-up of 25 loci in up to 76,558 additional subjects identified 16 loci associated with fasting glucose and HOMA-B and two loci associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. These include nine loci newly associated with fasting glucose (in or near ADCY5, MADD, ADRA2A, CRY2, FADS1, GLIS3, SLC2A2, PROX1 and C2CD4B) and one influencing fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (near IGF1). We also demonstrated association of ADCY5, PROX1, GCK, GCKR and DGKB-TMEM195 with type 2 diabetes. Within these loci, likely biological candidate genes influence signal transduction, cell proliferation, development, glucose-sensing and circadian regulation. Our results demonstrate that genetic studies of glycemic traits can identify type 2 diabetes risk loci, as well as loci containing gene variants that are associated with a modest elevation in glucose levels but are not associated with overt diabetes

The pre-history of health psychology in the UK: From natural science and psychoanalysis to social science, social cognition and beyond

Health psychology formally came of age in the United Kingdom in the 1980s, but it was prefigured by much discussion about challenges to the dominance of biomedicine in healthcare and debates. This articles focuses on what could be termed the pre-history of health psychology in the UK. This was the period in the earlier 20th century when psychological approaches were dominated by psychoanalysis which was followed by behaviourism and then cognitivism. Review of this pre-history provides the backdrop for the rise of health psychology in the UK and also reveals the tensions between the different theoretical perspectives

IMG-06. PREDICTING SURVIVAL FROM PERFUSION AND DIFFUSION MRI BY MACHINE LEARNING

INTRODUCTION Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is routinely used in the assessment of children’s brain tumours. Reduced diffusion and increased perfusion on MRI are commonly associated with higher grade but there is a lack of quantitative data linking these parameters to survival. Machine learning is increasingly being used to develop diagnostic tools but its use in survival analysis is rare. In this study we combine quantitative parameters from diffusion and perfusion MRI with machine learning to develop a model of survival for paediatric brain tumours. METHOD: 69 children from 4 centres (Birmingham, Liverpool, Nottingham, Newcastle) underwent MRI with diffusion and perfusion (dynamic susceptibility contrast) at diagnosis. Images were processed to form ADC, cerebral blood volume (CBV) and vessel leakage correction (K2) parameter maps. Parameter mean, standard deviation and heterogeneity measures (skewness and kurtosis) were calculated from tumour and whole brain and used in iterative Bayesian survival analysis. The features selected were used for k-means clustering and differences in survival between clusters assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression. RESULTS Bayesian analysis revealed the 5 top features determining survival to be tumour volume, ADC kurtosis, CBV mean, K2 mean and whole brain CBV mean. K-means clustering using these features showed two distinct clusters (high- and low-risk) which bore significantly different survival characteristics (Hazard Ratio = 5.6). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Diffusion and perfusion MRI can be used to aid the prediction of survival in children’s brain tumours. Tumour perfusion played a particularly important role in predicting survival despite being less routinely measured than diffusion

OSIRIS-REx Encounters Bennu: Initial Assessment from the Approach Phase

The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft launched on September 8, 2016, on a seven-year journey to return samples from asteroid (101955) Bennu. This presentation summarizes the scientific results from the Approach and Preliminary Survey phases. Bennu observations are set to begin on August 17, 2018,when the asteroid is bright enough for detection by the PolyCam. PolyCam and MapCam collect data to survey the asteroid environment for any hazards and characterize the asteroid point-source photometric properties. Resolved images acquired during final approach, starting in late October 2018, allow the creation of a shape model using stereophotoclinometry (SPC), needed by both the navigation team and science planners. The OVIRS and OTES spectrometers characterize the point- source spectral properties over a full rotation period, providing a first look at any features and thermophysical properties. TAGSAM is released from the launch container and deployed into the sampling configuration then returned to the stow position.Preliminary Survey follows the Approach Phase in early December 2018. This phase consists of a series of hyperbolic trajectories that cross over the North and South poles and the equator of Bennu at a close-approach distance of 7 km. Images from these Preliminary Survey passes provide data to complete the 75-cm resolution SPC global shape model and solve for the rotation state. Once the shape model is complete, the asteroid coordinate system is defined for co-registration of all data products. These higher-resolution images also constrain the photometric properties and allow for an initial assessment of the geology. In Preliminary Survey the team also obtains the first OLA data, providing a measure of the surface topography. OVIRS and OTES collect data as "ride-along" instruments, with the spacecraft pointing driven by imaging constraints. These data provide a first look at the spectral variation across the surface of Bennu. Radio science measurements, combined with altimetry and imagery, determine Bennu's mass, a prerequisite to placing the spacecraft into orbit in late December 2018. Together, data from the Approach and Preliminary Survey phases set the stage for the extensive mapping planned for 2019. These dates are the baseline plan. Any contingency or unexpected discovery may change this mission profile