Paraoxonase (PON1) L55M and Q192R polymorphisms in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder

Objective: Oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways, along with immune-inflammatory response, might play an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. The aim of the present study is to investigate paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms and its correlations with disease parameters in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Methods: PON1 L55M and Q192R single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed in a group consisted of 100 patients with major depressive disorder, and 100 patients with bipolar disorder and 96 healthy controls. Polymorphisms were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups for the existence of PON1 genotypes. Additionally, there was no association between the PON1 genotypes and disease variables in both depressed and bipolar patients. Conclusions: Evaluating the different stages of patients with mood disorders and examining the connection between PON1 polymorphisms and treatment outcomes will help us to clarify the relationship between PON1 and mood disorders.Publisher's Versio

Paraoxonase (PON1) L55M and Q192R polymorphisms in major depression and bipolar affective disorder

Background: Oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways, along with immune-inflammatory response, might play an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying major depression and bipolar disorder. Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms and its correlations with disease parameters in patients with major depression and bipolar affective disorder. Methods: PON1 L55M and Q192R single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed in a group consisted of 100 patients with major depression, and 100 patients with bipolar affective disorder and 96 healthy controls. Polymorphisms were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Our findings reported no association between Q192R and L55M polymorphisms of PON1 and major depression and bipolar disorder. Additionally, there was no association between the PON1 genotypes and disease variables in both depressed and bipolar patients. Discussion: Evaluating the different stages of patients with affective disorders and and investigating the connection between PON1 polymorphisms and treatment outcomes will help us to clarify the relationship between PON1 and mood disorders.This study was supported by the Gaziosmanpasa University (project no: 2015/28). The authors would like to thank the patients and the controls for their participationPublisher's Versio

The Effect of Targeted Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Following Prostate Biopsy: A Prospective Randomized Trial

Objective:Targeted antibiotic prophylaxis in prostate biopsy is recommended for patients at risk due to increased complication rates seen in recent years. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is currently one of the most prevalent complications with a rate of more than 40%. The study examined the effects of targeted antibiotic prophylaxis on biopsy-related LUTS and to compare the results with standard prophylaxis.Materials and Methods:A total of 240 patients were included in the study, 120 of whom had been administered targeted antibiotic prophylaxis and 120 of whom had received ciprofloxacin treatment between January 2021-Januray 2023. Patients’ results before the procedure, on the 7th day, and in the first month were prospectively recorded and compared.Results:While Qmax mean values were measured as 18.3±5.1 mL/s in the targeted prophylaxis group and 17.4±4.6 mL/s in the control group (p=0.157) before the procedure, these values were found to be 14.6±3.3 mL/s and 11.7±4.1 mL/s (p<0.001) on the 7th day and 16.8 16.8±4.3 mL/s and 14.9±3.5 mL/s (p=0.013) in first month, respectively. IPSS mean scores of the groups were calculated as 16.8±4.3 mL/s and 14.9±3.5 mL/s (p=0.013) before the procedure, respectively, while these scores were found to be 18.12±6.1 and 22.97±7.4 (p<0.001) on the 7th day and 17.5±5.5 and 22.8±7.5 (p<0.001) in the first month, respectively.Conclusion:In this study, we found that targeted antibiotic prophylaxis had a significant effect on preventing biopsy-related LUTS. We believe that routine application of targeted antibiotic prophylaxis can be effective in reducing the rates of biopsy-related LUTS

Mezotelyoma ve plevral plaklı hastaların çevresel asbest maruziyeti yaşamış sağlıklı bireylere kıyasla serum biyokimyasal belirteçlerin karşılaştırılması

Background: In this study, we aimed to compare serum biochemical markers in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and pleural plaques versus healthy individuals exposed to environmental asbestos. Methods: Between September 01, 2010 and March 31, 2011, a total of 540 participants (354 males, 186 females; mean age 61.4 years; range, 35 to 89 years) were included in the study. The participants were divided into four groups as follows: (1) patients with pleural plaques (n=277); (2) healthy individuals with normal chest X-rays who were exposed to environmental asbestos (n=121); (3) healthy individuals with normal chest X-rays who were not exposed to environmental asbestos (n=118); and (4) patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (n=24). Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 125, 15-3, 19-9, free T3, free T4, thyroidstimulating hormone, vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin were measured. Results: Serum cancer antigen 125, 15-3, folic acid, vitamin B12, and ferritin levels were higher with lower free T3 levels in Group 4 than the other groups. The areas under the curve for cancer antigen 125 and 15-3 were 0.78 and 0.67, respectively in the differential diagnosis of mesothelioma from other pathologies (p < 0.001 for both). Optimal limits of these biomarkers were 13.63 and 18.43 ng/mL, respectively with 83% and 75% sensitivity and 69% and 48% specificity, respectively. Conclusion: The combination or individual use of serum cancer antigen 125, 15-3, folic acid, vitamin B12, and ferritin levels may be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma.Amaç: Bu çalışmada mezotelyoma ve plevral plaklı hastaların çevresel asbest maruziyeti yaşamış sağlıklı bireylere kıyasla serum biyokimyasal belirteçleri karşılaştırıldı. Ça­lış­ma pla­nı: 01 Eylül 2010 - 31 Mart 2011 tarihleri arasında toplam 540 katılımcı (354 erkek, 186 kadın; ort. yaş 61.4 yıl; dağılım, 35-89 yıl) çalışmaya alındı. Katılımcılar dört gruba ayrıldı: (1) plevral plaklı hastalar (n=277); (2) çevresel asbeste maruz kalıp göğüs röntgenleri normal olan sağlıklı bireyler (n=121); (3) çevresel asbeste maruz kalmadan göğüs röntgenleri normal olan sağlıklı bireyler (n=118) ve (4) malign plevral mezotelyomalı hastalar (n=24). Serumda karsinoembriyonik antijen, kanser antijeni 125, 15-3, 19-9, serbest T3, serbest T4, tiroid stimülan hormon, B12 vitamini, folik asit ve ferritin düzeyleri ölçüldü. Bulgular: Diğer gruplara kıyasla, Grup 4’te serum kanser antijeni 125, 15-3, folik asit, B12 vitamini ve ferritin düzeyleri daha yüksek ve serbest T3 düzeyleri daha düşük idi. Mezotelyomanın diğer patolojilerden ayırıcı tanısında kanser antijeni 125 ve 15-3’ün eğri altında kalan alanı sırasıyla 0.78 ve 0.67 idi (her ikisi için de p<0.001). Bu biyobelirteçlerin optimum sınırı sırasıyla 13.63 ve 18.43 ng/mL olup, duyarlılıkları sırasıyla %83 ve %75 ve özgüllükleri %69 ve %48 idi. So­nuç: Serum kanser antijeni 125, 15-3, folik asit, B12 vitamini ve ferritin düzeylerinin birlikte veya tek başına kullanımı, malign plevral mezotelyomanın erken tanı ve tedavisinde yararlı olabilir

The Effect of Sulfonation Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene Fibers Prior to the Carbonization Stage

The effect of sulfonation treatment was investigated on the molecular structure and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene fibers extruded at a take up speed of 2500 m/min. It was found that at extensive sulfonation times, the sulfonated structure showed the characteristic features of carbonized structure as indicated by the results of the density and the X-ray diffraction measurements. Mechanical properties of the sulfonated samples were found to be adversely affected by the sulfonation conditions. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed surface irregularities at low sulfonation times and fiber fractures at high sulfonation times. Polarized infrared spectroscopy measurements analysed by curve fitting procedure showed increasing molecular orientation of long helical chain segments represented by the IR band at 841 cm(-1) whereas amorphous structure represented by the IR band at 2723 cm(-1) showed gradual loss of orientation with the progress of sulfonation. IR bands assigned to the sulfonic acid groups formed during sulfonation treatment showed perpendicular polarization and low molecular orientation characteristics indicating the initiation and the development of crosslinking process being perpendicular to the fiber axis direction. Analysis of the equatorial X-ray diffraction traces showed the loss of crystallinity where the paracrystalline phase disappeared faster than the crystalline alpha-monoclinic phase. During the sulfonation treatment, content of amorphous phase showed gradual increase in line with decreasing crystallinity. In accordance with the loss of crystallinity, apparent crystallite sizes corresponding to the 110, 040 and 130 planes of the alpha-monoclinic phase also decreased gradually with increasing sulfonation time. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 3375-3389, 2012The effect of sulfonation treatment was investigated on the molecular structure and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene fibers extruded at a take up speed of 2500 m/min. It was found that at extensive sulfonation times, the sulfonated structure showed the characteristic features of carbonized structure as indicated by the results of the density and the X-ray diffraction measurements. Mechanical properties of the sulfonated samples were found to be adversely affected by the sulfonation conditions. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed surface irregularities at low sulfonation times and fiber fractures at high sulfonation times. Polarized infrared spectroscopy measurements analysed by curve fitting procedure showed increasing molecular orientation of long helical chain segments represented by the IR band at 841 cm-1 whereas amorphous structure represented by the IR band at 2723 cm-1 showed gradual loss of orientation with the progress of sulfonation. IR bands assigned to the sulfonic acid groups formed during sulfonation treatment showed perpendicular polarization and low molecular orientation characteristics indicating the initiation and the development of crosslinking process being perpendicular to the fiber axis direction. Analysis of the equatorial X-ray diffraction traces showed the loss of crystallinity where the paracrystalline phase disappeared faster than the crystalline ?-monoclinic phase. During the sulfonation treatment, content of amorphous phase showed gradual increase in line with decreasing crystallinity. In accordance with the loss of crystallinity, apparent crystallite sizes corresponding to the 110, 040 and 130 planes of the ?-monoclinic phase also decreased gradually with increasing sulfonation time

AN X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY FOR ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE FIBRES PRODUCED WITH TAKE-UP SPEEDS OF 2500-4250 M/MIN

X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies of isotactic polypropylene fibres, produced by melt spinning with take-up speeds of 2500-4250 m/min, showed the presence of polymorphism where the a-monoclinic and the smectic phases coexist together with an amorphous phase. X-ray diffraction was used for the determination of the unit cell dimensions, crystalline density, crystallinity and the crystallite size using an analysis of the equatorial traces whereas DSC was used for the evaluation of the melting enthalpies, melting temperatures and the crystallinity as a function of take-up speed. Crystallinity evaluated with the X-ray diffraction and the DSC techniques are compared and found that the X-ray crystallinity values are on average 8-14% higher than the DSC crystallinity values. Crystallite sizes are evaluated after curve fitting of X-ray diffraction traces for the (110), (040) and (130) reflections due to the a-monoclinic phase. The results show the crystallite size distribution of 116-136 angstrom, 108-118 angstrom and 89-97 angstrom for the alpha-monoclinic phase reflections, whereas smectic phase reflection showed smaller crystallite size of 11-13 angstrom due to large intensity distribution of this peak.X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies of isotactic polypropylene fibres, produced by melt spinning with take-up speeds of 2500-4250 m/min, showed the presence of polymorphism where the ?-monoclinic and the smectic phases coexist together with an amorphous phase. X-ray diffraction was used for the determination of the unit cell dimensions, crystalline density, crystallinity and the crystallite size using an analysis of the equatorial traces whereas DSC was used for the evaluation of the melting enthalpies, melting temperatures and the crystallinity as a function of take-up speed. Crystallinity evaluated with the X-ray diffraction and the DSC techniques are compared and found that the X-ray crystallinity values are on average 8-14% higher than the DSC crystallinity values. Crystallite sizes are evaluated after curve fitting of X-ray diffraction traces for the (110), (040) and (130) reflectionsdue to the ?-monoclinic phase. The results show the crystallite size distribution of 116-136 Å, 108-118 Å and 89-97Å for the ?-monoclinic phase reflections, whereas smectic phase reflection showed smaller crystallite size of 11-13 Å due to large intensity distribution of this peak

THE USE OF INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUE FOR THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE FIBRES

Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) fibres were produced by melt spinning method with take-up speeds between 2500 m/min and 4250 m/min. The effect of production parameters on structural parameters such as crystallinity and tacticity is investigated using infra-red spectroscopy together with density measurements. Samples were also characterized using Melt Flow Index (MFI) measurements. Curve fitting of IR spectra yielded accurate peak parameters which are in turn used in the evaluation of tacticity and fractional crystallinity values. Evaluation of isotacticity and atacticity fractions were performed using the absorbance ratios of the IR bands at 998, 841 and 973 cm-1 (A998/A973, A841/A973). Isotacticity fractions evaluated from A841/A973 are generally found to be higher than that evaluated from the ratio of A998/A973. Isotacticity fractions show an increasing trend after about the extrusion speed of 3000 m/min whereas atacticity fractions decrease accordingly. Crystallinity fractions obtained from density and infra-red spectroscopy methods are compared. In general, crystallinity fractions obtained from IR-spectroscopy are found to be slightly higher than the density based crystallinity fractions