Exploring the scattering directionality and light interaction in nanoparticle dimers of different semiconductors

Assuming as a starting point our recent work on a dimer of silicon nanoparticles with light scattering directionality, we have explored the light interaction between the incoming and scattered electric fields in dimers made of other different semiconductors. The scattering directionality is achieved by accomplishing Kerker's conditions. By directing the scattered light towards the gap of the dimer, interferential effects can be used to achieve high or low light intensities as a basis of all-optical nanoswitches. A comparison between dimers of different materials is shown.This work has been supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (grants no. TEC2013-47342-C2-2-R and no. TEC2013-50138-EXP) and the R&D Program SINFOTON S2013/MIT-2790 of the Comunidad de Madrid) and the funding from Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) for the Project TEC2016-77242-C3-1-R AEI/FEDER,UE

Towards a polarization control of the directional scattering of semiconductor nanoparticles

Reunión de Jóvenes Investigadores SINFOTON: 2ª Feria de Otoño 2016In this work we analyze the sensitivity of the directional scattering conditions in semiconductor nanodisks with the polarizationof the incident light. The possibility to reach or not this directional scattering as a function of the polarization of the incidentbeam could be very interesting for the design of new all-optical devices for optical communications and circuitry.This work has been supported by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad of Spain through projects TEC2013-47342-C2-2-R, TEC2012-38901-C02-01 and TEC2013-50138-EXP and the Comunidad de Madrid under program SINFOTON-CM (S2013/MIT-2790). B. García-Cámara, J.F. Algorri, J.M. Sánchez-Pena and R. Vergaz also acknowledge support from European Commision through EU Cost Action IC1208.Publicad

Optimized Minimum-Forward Light Scattering by Dielectric Nanopillars

In this letter, silicon nanopillars (NPs) with an optimum aspect ratio are analyzed, in such a way that the overlapping of the electric and magnetic dipolar resonances provides a remarkable minimum forward (MF) scattering. This ideal shape is also related with the incident wavelength and the refractive index of the surrounding medium. We work in the frame of numerical simulations based on Maxwell equations solved by the finite-element method. When the aspect ratio implies an NP, a linear behavior for the MF condition is observed. An upper limit of the aspect ratio has been found to satisfy the MF condition. This aspect ratio is determinant in order to scale these systems with wavelength. A larger efficiency at the directional conditions is also shown with respect to silicon nanodisks. These results are promising for design and create novel CMOS integrated flat optical devices.This work was supported in part by the Comunidad de Madrid through the Research and Development Program SINFOTON under Grant S2013/MIT-2790 and in part by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain under Grant TEC2013-47342-C2-2-R and Grant TEC2013-50138-EXP.Publicad

Teaching receptive vocabulary in a foreign language classroom to students with down syndrome through different methodological elements.

Nowadays the teaching of a foreign language is limited to certain populations due to the learning difficulties that they have. In the English area, it is important to consider that there are schools with students with Down syndrome whose English teachers should have knowledge about how to teach these populations. The main purpose of this research is to present the different methodological elements that predominate in the recognition of English receptive vocabulary for students with Down syndrome, to describe the learning environment in the classroom, identify the predominated methodological elements used to teach vocabulary and demonstrate how is the vocabulary recognition of a basic category of vocabulary. In order to achieve the objectives and answer the question of this research used different instruments to collect information as: surveys, observations, interviews and audiovisual materials. Hence it was possible to determine from this information the characterization of the participants, the cause of visual materials in the students, techniques and strategies that facilitated the recognition of vocabulary, the factors that supported the students in the different learning environments and the recognition of vocabulary through a basic category of vocabulary. In this case of study, it is concluded that most of these elements focused on students' visual memory through different strategies, techniques, approaches and methods, as well as the reinforcement of vocabulary in all classes, as well as the different environments that helped the student in his learning process

Size Dependence of the Directional Scattering Conditions on Semiconductor Nanoparticles

The resonant modes observed in semiconductor nanoparticles and the coherent interaction between them, producing directional light scattering, may be very interesting for CMOS integrated all-optical devices. In these systems, the control over the light scattering should be crucial, as well as the strength of this control. Fabrication parameters such as the size and shape of the nanoparticles and the optical properties of the environment can strongly affect to the emergence of these phenomena. In this letter, we numerically explore the size dependence of the directional scattering conditions of semiconductor nanoparticles. Several semiconductor materials and a large size range have been considered as a reference for further works. An interesting and unexpected linear behavior has been observed.This work was supported in part by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain under Grant TEC201350138EXP and Grant TEC201347342C22R and in part by the Comunidad de Madrid through the Research and Development Program SINFOTON under Grant S2013/MIT2790.Publicad

Propuesta para implementación de un sistema de inocuidad de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura en la Panadería Schick N°1 en la ciudad de Managua

La elaboración de la Propuesta del Manual de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura permitirá a Panadería Schick N°1 mejorar y controlar sus procesos productivos, además de poder optar a una certificación de inocuidad alimentaria en algún futuro. También de la adquisición de una posición privilegiada en el mercado al ser reconocida como una empresa que fabrica productos sanos, libres de cualquier enfermedad y así ofrecer al consumidor un producto de calidad dentro de las normas de higiene

An all optical nanometric switch

[Poster of]: ¿SINFOTONes en el Año de la Luz?: Reunión de Jóvenes Investigadores SINFOTON: 1ª Feria de Otoño 2015, 23 de Octubre.Current requirements on information transfer, computation and storage demand new counterparts to the electronic components. In particular, full-optical components are currently explored. Different phenomena observed in the interaction of light with nanoparticles allow the development of this concept. In this work, we explored the possibility of creating a full optical nanometric switch to be the simplest part of the future family of components in optical nanocircuits. In 80's, Kerker et al [1] showed that the scattering of sub-wavelength particles can be directed under certain conditions. In fact, a nanoparticle can accomplish a zero backscattering (ZB) or minimum forward scattering (MF) depending on the relationship between its material, size and incident wavelength. We have demonstrated that the Kerker conditions can be found in the visible range for several usual semiconductor materials, as Silicon, Germanium, TiO2, GaAs, etc [2]. Playing with sizes, it is possible to obtain nanoparticles satisfying either the ZB or the MF at the same wavelength. Then, we have proposed a dimer of silicon nanoparticles [3] presenting such combination of directional scattering in the visible range. This set can produce either a maximum or a minimum of the scattered field in the area between the nanoparticles. As Kerkers' conditions are very dependent on the wavelength, we propose that a modulation of the incident wavelength can be used as switching parameter (Fig. 1). We have searched the optimum parameters of the dimer setup, in wavelength, distance between particles and their sizes, in order to make easier the fabrication for the Research Community to get an experimental Proof of Technology of these simple designs.This work has been supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (grants no. TEC2013-47342-C2-2-R, TEC2012-38901-C02-01 and no.TEC2013-50138-EXP) and the R&D Program SINFOTON S2013/MIT-2790 of the Comunidad de Madrid.Publicad

High-speed global shutter CMOS machine vision sensor with high dynamic range image acquisition and embedded intelligence

High-speed imagers are required for industrial applications, traffic monitoring, robotics and unmanned vehicles, moviemaking, etc. Many of these applications call also for large spatial resolution, high sensitivity and the ability to detect images with large intra-frame dynamic range. This paper reports a CIS intelligent digital image sensor with 5.2Mpixels which delivers 12-bit fully-corrected images at 250Fps. The new sensor embeds on-chip digital processing circuitry for a large variety of functions including: windowing; pixel binning; sub-sampling; combined windowing-binning-subsampling modes; fixed-pattern noise correction; fine gain and offset control; color processing, etc. These and other CIS functions are programmable through a simple four-wire serial port interface.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación IPT-2011-1625-43000

Ultra-narrow spectral response of a hybrid plasmonic-grating sensor

We configure and analyze a nanostructured device that hybridizes grating modes and surface plasmon resonances. The model uses an effective index of refraction that considers the volume fraction of the involved materials, and the propagation depth of the plasmon through the structure. Our geometry is an extruded low-order diffraction grating made of dielectric nano-triangles. Surface plasmon resonances are excited at a metal/dielectric interface, which is separated from the analyte by a high-index dielectric layer. The optical performance of the refractometric sensor is highly competitive in sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) because of the the ultra-narrow spectral response (below 0.1 nm). Moreover, it is operative within a wide range of the index of refraction (from 1.3 till 1.56), and also works under normal incidence conditions

A low frequency of losses in 11q chromosome Is associated with better outcome and lower rate of genomic mutations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- et al.To analyze the impact of the 11q deleted (11q-) cells in CLL patients on the time to first therapy (TFT) and overall survival (OS), 2,493 patients with CLL were studied. 242 patients (9.7%) had 11q-. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies showed a threshold of 40% of deleted cells to be optimal for showing that clinical differences in terms of TFT and OS within 11q- CLLs. In patients with ≥40% of losses in 11q (11q-H) (74%), the median TFT was 19 months compared with 44 months in CLL patients with <40% del(11q) (11q-L) (P<0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, only the presence of 11q-L, mutated IGHV status, early Binet stage and absence of extended lymphadenopathy were associated with longer TFT. Patients with 11q-H had an OS of 90 months, while in the 11q-L group the OS was not reached (P = 0.008). The absence of splenomegaly (P = 0.02), low LDH (P = 0.018) or β2M (P = 0.006), and the presence of 11q-L (P = 0.003) were associated with a longer OS. In addition, to detect the presence of mutations in the ATM, TP53, NOTCH1, SF3B1, MYD88, FBXW7, XPO1 and BIRC3 genes, a select cohort of CLL patients with losses in 11q was sequenced by next-generation sequencing of amplicons. Eighty %of CLLs with 11qshowed mutations and fewer patients with low frequencies of 11q- had mutations among genes examined (50% vs 94.1%, P = 0.023). In summary, CLL patients with <40% of 11qhad a long TFT and OS that could be associated with the presence of fewer mutated genes.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias FIS 09/01543, PI12/00281 and PI15/01471, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) "Una manera de hacer Europa", Proyectos de Investigación del SACYL 355/A/09, GRS/1172/A15, COST Action EuGESMA (BM0801), Fundación Manuel Solórzano, Obra Social Banca Cívica (Caja Burgos), Fundación Española de Hematología y Hemoterapia (FEHH), and by grants (RD12/0036/0069 and RD12/0036/0044) from Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) "Una manera de hacer Europa" (CEI 2010-1-0010). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under Grant Agreement n°306242-NGS-PTL. María Hernández-Sánchez is fully supported by an Ayuda Predoctoral de la Junta de Castilla y León from the Fondo Social Europeo (JCYL-EDU/346/2013 Ph.D. scholarship). Vera Grossmann was supported by MLL Munich and Alexander Kohlmann was supported by MLL Munich and AstraZeneca in terms of salary.Peer Reviewe