Refrigeration in Winemaking Industry

The effectiveness of winery operations in a wine cellar and their impact on wine quality depend closely on the technology used. A correct application of refrigeration systems is perhaps the best guarantee of a correct processing process. In this work, a review of the refrigeration engineering in warehouse is carried out, calculating the refrigeration needs of each one of the main stages of elaboration, according to the different winemakings. The energy requirements for the cold maceration and debourbage in white winemaking, the cooling of the crushed-grapes in the elaboration of red wine, as well as for the temperature control during fermentation and physical-chemical stabilization of the finished wine are calculated. The main cold production techniques in the winery are also addressed to respond to those needs

Emotional intelligence and musical performance

A lo largo del presente artículo tratamos de demostrar con una muestra de 344 alumnos de entre 14 y 16 años de edad (1º y 2º ESO), cómo existe una correlación positiva entre los tres factores de IE medidos en el TMMS-24 y el rendimiento en música. Nuestros resultados tienden a confirmar lo que diversos estudios realizados en los últimos años con diferentes muestras e instrumentos ya habían apuntado, es decir, que la IE es un potencial predictor no sólo del equilibrio psicológico del alumnado, sino también de su logro escolar, y en nuestro caso, está relacionado con el rendimiento musical. Estos resultados, tendrán consecuencias pedagógicas muy importantes para el desempeño de nuestra labor docente.In this article we attempt to demonstrate with a sample of 344 students between the ages of 14 and 16 years (1st and 2nd of ESO) that there is a positive correlation between the three factors measured in the IE TMMS-24 and performance in music. Our results tend to confirm what several studies in recent years using different samples and instruments have already pointed out, namely that IE is a potential predictor not only of the psychological balance of the students, but also of their school achievement and, in our case, of musical performance. The results will have very important consequences for the educational performance of our educational work.peerReviewe

Mejora de las aptitudes musicales mediante una intervención en atención auditiva e interior

[Resumen] Tradicionalmente, las investigaciones sobre aptitudes musicales han girado en torno a los siguientes temas: evaluación de las mismas, relaciones entre aptitudes musicales con variables musicales, relaciones con aspectos del lenguaje y trabajos que relacionan aptitudes musicales con variables personales. Tras observar que apenas hay investigaciones que relacionen las aptitudes musicales con la atención, y que las que lo hacen, lo hacen en un sentido que no es el de nuestras hipótesis, decidimos demostrar la relación de causaefecto entre una intervención en atención y la mejora en la percepción de las aptitudes musicales medidas en el Test de Seashore. Para ello, elaboramos un programa de intervención, proponiendo actividades auditivas encaminadas a trabajar la atención espacial, también llamada atención sensorial o exterior (Posner, 1980), como actividades relacionadas con el ejecutivo central (Norman y Shallice, 1988), destinadas al trabajo de la atención dirigida al mundo de las ideas o atención interior (introspección). Nuestros resultados tienden a confirmar que tras una intervención en atención mejoran las aptitudes musicales. Confirmamos, también, de este modo la vinculación existente entre música y atención, que ha sido escasamente estudiada[Abstract] Traditionally, the investigations on musical aptitudes have turned about following: evaluation of the same ones, relations between musical aptitudes with musical variables, relations with aspects of the language and works that relate musical aptitudes to personal variables. After observing that as soon as there are investigations that relate the musical aptitudes to the attention, and that those that does it, they do it in a sense that is not the one of our hypotheses, we decided to demonstrate to the relation of cause-effect between an intervention in attention and the improvement in the perception of the measured musical aptitudes in the Test of Seashore. For it, we elaborated an intervention program, proposing auditory activities directed to work the space attention, also call sensorial or outer attention (Posner, 1980), like activities related to the central executive (Norman & Shallice, 1988), destined to the work of the attention directed to the world of the ideas or inner attention (introspection). Our results tend to confirm that after an intervention in attention they improve the musical aptitudes. We confirmed, also, in this way the existing entailment between music and attention, that barely has been studied

Evaluation of Cleaning Processes Using Colorimetric and Spectral Data for the Removal of Layers of Limewash from Medieval Plasterwork

In the cultural heritage preservation of medieval buildings, it is common to find plaster walls covered in lime, which previously were painted in polychromy. The conservation interventions usually try to remove the whitewash, whilst maintaining the original color of the painted wall as much as possible. However, there is no agreement on which cleaning technique best preserves the original appearance of the colored plaster. Different pigments found below the lime layer may behave differently depending on the cleaning technique used. Usually, colorimetric or photometric area-based measurements are carried out to study the color of the cleaned areas to compare with their original color, obtained from pre-made plaster probes. However, this methodology fails when the mean color difference is not enough to fully characterize the changes in texture and color appearance. This study presents a set of experiments carried out using two different pigments (cinnabar and malachite) covered with lime, and treated with nine different cleaning techniques on plaster probes prepared according to medieval techniques. We have studied the effect of the cleaning process on the color and the homogeneity of the samples using a hyperspectral imaging workflow. Four different analysis methods are presented and discussed. Our results show that the proposed analysis is able to provide a much more comprehensive and diversified characterization of the quality of the cleaning method compared to the commonly used colorimetric or photometric area-based measurements.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness HAR2015-66139-PEuropean Union (EU) HAR2015-66139-

Redefining the Role of ADAM17 in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells and Its Implications in an Obese Mouse Model of Pre-Diabetes

ADAM17; Obesidad; Células tubulares proximales renalesADAM17; Obesity; Renal proximal tubular cellsADAM17; Obesitat; Cèl·lules tubulars proximals renalsAcute and chronic kidney lesions induce an increase in A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) that cleaves several transmembrane proteins related to inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. Our group has demonstrated that renal ADAM17 is upregulated in diabetic mice and its inhibition decreases renal inflammation and fibrosis. The purpose of the present study was to analyze how Adam17 deletion in proximal tubules affects different renal structures in an obese mice model. Tubular Adam17 knockout male mice and their controls were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 22 weeks. Glucose tolerance, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, renal histology, and pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers were evaluated. Results showed that wild-type mice fed an HFD became obese with glucose intolerance and renal histological alterations mimicking a pre-diabetic condition; consequently, greater glomerular size and mesangial expansion were observed. Adam17 tubular deletion improved glucose tolerance and protected animals against glomerular injury and prevented podocyte loss in HFD mice. In addition, HFD mice showed more glomerular macrophages and collagen accumulation, which was prevented by Adam17 deletion. Galectin-3 expression increased in the proximal tubules and glomeruli of HFD mice and ameliorated with Adam17 deletion. In conclusion, Adam17 in proximal tubules influences glucose tolerance and participates in the kidney injury in an obese pre-diabetic murine model. The role of ADAM17 in the tubule impacts on glomerular inflammation and fibrosis.This research was funded by ISCIIII-FEDER grant numbers PI16/00620 and PI17/00257; ISCIII-RETICS REDinREN RD16/0009/0013, and ISCIII-RICORS RD21/0005. C.B. is also funded by the Catalan Health Department (Generalitat de Catalunya) contract PERIS STL008/18/00018 to develop clinical and epidemiological studies mainly focused on diabetes and its associations with new biomarkers. V.P. is a research fellow of ISCIII-FSE project FI17/00025

Endothelial ADAM17 Expression in the Progression of Kidney Injury in an Obese Mouse Model of Pre-Diabetes

Endothelial cells; Obesity; Pre-diabetesCélulas endoteliales; Obesidad; PrediabetesCèl·lules endotelials; Obesitat; Pre-diabetisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) activates inflammatory and fibrotic processes through the shedding of various molecules such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) or Transforming Growht Factor-α (TGF-α). There is a well-recognised link between TNF-α, obesity, inflammation, and diabetes. In physiological situations, ADAM17 is expressed mainly in the distal tubular cell while, in renal damage, its expression increases throughout the kidney including the endothelium. The aim of this study was to characterize, for the first time, an experimental mouse model fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with a specific deletion of Adam17 in endothelial cells and to analyse the effects on different renal structures. Endothelial Adam17 knockout male mice and their controls were fed a high-fat diet, to induce obesity, or standard rodent chow, for 22 weeks. Glucose tolerance, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, renal histology, macrophage infiltration, and galectin-3 levels were evaluated. Results showed that obese mice presented higher blood glucose levels, dysregulated glucose homeostasis, and higher body weight compared to control mice. In addition, obese wild-type mice presented an increased albumin-to-creatinine ratio; greater glomerular size and mesangial matrix expansion; and tubular fibrosis with increased galectin-3 expression. Adam17 deletion decreased the albumin-to-creatinine ratio, glomerular mesangial index, and tubular galectin-3 expression. Moreover, macrophage infiltration in the glomeruli of obese Adam17 knockout mice was reduced as compared to obese wild-type mice. In conclusion, the expression of ADAM17 in endothelial cells impacted renal inflammation, modulating the renal function and histology in an obese pre-diabetic mouse model.This research was funded by ISCIIII-FEDER and ISCIII-RETICS REDinREN, grant number PI16/00620, PI17/00257, RD16/0009/0013, and RICORS RD21/0005. Additionally, C.B. is funded by the Catalan Health Department (Generalitat de Catalunya) contract PERIS STL008/18/00018 to develop clinical and epidemiological studies mainly focused in diabetes and its associations with new biomarkers. V.P. is a research fellow of ISCIII-FSE project FI17/00025

Adaptive exposure estimation for high dynamic range imaging applied to natural scenes and daylight skies

Digital imaging of natural scenes and optical phenomena present on them (such as shadows, twilights, and crepuscular rays) can be a very challenging task because of the range spanned by the radiances impinging on the capture system. We propose a novel method for estimating the set of exposure times (bracketing set) needed to capture the full dynamic range of a scene with high dynamic range (HDR) content. The proposed method is adaptive to scene content and to any camera response and configuration, and it works on-line since the exposure times are estimated as the capturing process is ongoing. Besides, it requires no a priori information about scene content or radiance values. The resulting bracketing sets are minimal in the default method settings, but the user can set a tolerance for the maximum percentage of pixel population that is underexposed or saturated, which allows for a higher number of shots if a better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the HDR scene is desired. This method is based on the use of the camera response function that is needed for building the HDR radiance map by stitching together several differently exposed low dynamic range images of the scene. The use of HDR imaging techniques converts our digital camera into a tool for measuring the relative radiance outgoing from each point of the scene, and for each color channel. This is important for accurate characterization of optical phenomena present in the atmosphere while not suffering any loss of information due to its HDR.We have compared our method with the most similar one developed so far [IEEE Trans. Image Process. 17, 1864 (2008)]. Results of the experiments carried out for 30 natural scenes show that our proposed method equals or outperforms the previously developed best approach, with less shots and shorter exposure times, thereby asserting the advantage of being adaptive to scene content for exposure time estimation. As we can also tune the balance between capturing time and the SNR in our method, we have compared its SNR performance against that of Barakat’s method as well as against a ground-truth HDR image of maximum SNR. Results confirm the success of the proposed method in exploiting its tunability to achieve the desired balance of total Δt and SNR

Microglial Corpse Clearance: Lessons From Macrophages

From development to aging and disease, the brain parenchyma is under the constant threat of debris accumulation, in the form of dead cells and protein aggregates. To prevent garbage buildup, the brain is equipped with efficient phagocytes: the microglia. Microglia are similar, but not identical to other tissue macrophages, and in this review, we will first summarize the differences in the origin, lineage and population maintenance of microglia and macrophages. Then, we will discuss several principles that govern macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), including the existence of redundant recognition mechanisms ("find-me" and "eat-me") that lead to a tight coupling between apoptosis and phagocytosis. We will then describe that resulting from engulfment and degradation of apoptotic cargo, phagocytes undergo an epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolic rewiring that leads to trained immunity, and discuss its relevance for microglia and brain function. In summary, we will show that neuroimmunologists can learn many lessons from the well-developed field of macrophage phagocytosis biology.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities with FEDER funds (BFU2015-66689 and RYC-2013-12817), a Basque Government Department of Education project (PI_2016_1_0011), and a Fundacion Tatiana Perez de Guzman el Bueno project (P-048-FTPGB 2018) to AS. In addition, MM-R is recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. No funding is available for open access publications from our institution or other sources

Inteligencia emocional en Primaria

El término inteligencia emocional, si bien fue utilizado por algunos autores previos, fueron Mayer y Salovey (1993), psicólogos de la Universidad de New Hampshire, quienes englobaron la inteligencia intrapersonal e interpersonal en el término inteligencia emocional. Con él, pretendieron describir las cualidades emocionales que parecen tener importancia para el éxito. Estas pueden incluir: la empatía, la expresión y comprensión de los sentimientos, el control de nuestro genio, la independencia, la capacidad de adaptación, la simpatía, la capacidad de resolver los problemas en forma interpersonal, la persistencia, la cordialidad, la amabilidad y el respeto.The term emotional intelligence, although it was used by some authors before, were Mayer and Salovey (1993), psychologists from the University of New Hampshire, who included the intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligence in the term emotional intelligence. With it, they tried to describe the emotional qualities that are important for success. These may include: empathy, expression and understanding of the feelings, the control of our genius, independence, the ability to adapt, the sympathy, the ability to solve problems in interpersonal way, persistence, cordiality, kindness and respect.peerReviewe