África, el continente olvidado

Contiene: Actuaciones sobre el terreno (p. 6).-- La UC3M coopera con África (p. 7).-- Entrevista José Antonio Bastos (pp. 9-11).-- Entrevista Rafael Bengoa (pp. 12-13).-- Entrevista Susanna Griso (pp. 14-15

La sanidad pública a debate

Audiovisuales. Sanidad Pública ¿Un sistema en evolución o en desaparición?, desde la Universidad Carlos III. Intervienen Luciano Parejo, Felix Lobo y Rafael Bengoa. Disponible en:http://www.lawyerpress.tv/2013/02/26/tertulia-desde-la-universidad-carlos-iii/El 26 de febrero, la tertulia titulada ‘La Sanidad Pública. ¿Un sistema en evolución o en desaparición?’ contó con la participación de Félix Lobo, catedrático de Economía Aplicada de la UC3M, exdirector general de Farmacia y expresidente de la Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria; Luciano Parejo, catedrático de Derecho Administrativo de la UC3M; y Rafael Bengoa, exconsejero de Sanidad del Gobierno Vasco, exdirector de Sistemas de Salud de la OMS y asesor en Salud Pública de Estados Unidos de América. En la tertulia se trataron asuntos de actualidad como el diagnóstico de la sanidad pública, el gasto sanitario, la privatización y la gestión derivada, el copago y el repago

El estado relacional. De la teoría a la práctica

El Estado de Bienestar se sitúa frente a considerables retos en un contexto de reconfiguración económica a nivel nacional y europeo. Se trata de desafíos que se caracterizan por su gran complejidad. Las fórmulas tradicionales de responder a estas encrucijadas —más mercado o más burocracia— no son adecuadas para enfrentarse a las demandas y heterogeneidad social existente. Asimismo, se precisan nuevos patrones que identifiquen al ciudadano como un actor activo y no un simple receptor pasivo de servicios. El concepto de Estado Relacional se muestra como una de las respuestas más prometedoras para esa nueva realidad social. En este artículo se describen los elementos que hacen operativo este nuevo modelo de actuación y ejemplos prácticos de la configuración que está adquiriendo en el sector sanitario y social

Enantioselective Synthesis of Succinimides by Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Maleimides Organocatalyzed by Chiral Primary Amine-Guanidines

The monoguanylation of (1S,2S)- and (1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine affords chiral primary amine-guanidines that are used as chiral organocatalysts in the enantioselective Michael addition of aldehydes, particularly α,α-disubstituted aldehydes, to maleimides. The reaction is carried out in the presence of imidazole, as an additive, in aqueous N,N-dimethylformamide, as the solvent, and affords the corresponding enantioenriched succinimides in high or quantitative yields with enantioselectivities up to 96 % ee. Theoretical calculations (DFT and M06–2X) suggest a different hydrogen-bonding coordination pattern between the maleimide (C=O) and the catalyst (NH groups) is responsible for the enantioinduction switch that is observed when the reaction is carried out using primary amine-guanidines versus primary amine-thioureas as the organocatalysts.The authors thank the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MEC) (projects CTQ2010-20387, CTQ2010-21263-C02, and Consolider Ingenio 2010, CSD2007-00006), the Fondos Europeos para el Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), the COST Action CM0905 “Organocatalysis”, the Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo/2009/039), the Basque Government (GV grant IT-291-07), the University of Alicante, and the University of the Basque Country for the financial support

Organocatalytic Enantioselective α-Nitrogenation of α,α-Disubstituted Aldehydes in the Absence of a Solvent

A highly efficient enantioselective α-nitrogenation method of α,α-disubstituted aldehydes with azodicarboxylates promoted by a chiral carbamate-monoprotected cyclohexa-1,2-diamine as organocatalyst has been developed. The process was carried out without any solvent, and the corresponding α,α-disubstituted α-nitrogenated aldehydes were obtained with excellent yields and enantioselectivities up to 99% ee. The sustainability of the procedure was established through the calculation of green metrics, such as EcoScale and E-factor. In addition, theoretical calculations have been used to justify the obtained enantioselectivity sense.This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (PGC2018-096616-B-I00), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-110008GB-I00), and the University of Alicante (VIGROB-173). We also thank SGIker (UPV/EHU) for providing human and computational resources

Enantioselective addition of aryl ketones and acetone to nitroalkenes organocatalyzed by carbamate-monoprotected cyclohexa-1,2-diamines

Enantiomerically pure carbamate-monoprotected trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamines are used as chiral organocatalysts for the addition of aryl ketones and acetone to nitroalkenes to give enantioenriched β-substituted γ-nitroketones. The reaction was performed in the presence of 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid as an additive, in chloroform as the solvent at room temperature, achieving enantioselectivities up to 96%. Theoretical calculations are used to justify the observed sense of the stereoinduction.We thank the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (project CTQ2011-24151), FEDER, the COST Action CM0905 ‘Organocatalysis’, the FP7 Marie Curie Action of the European Commission via the ITN ECHONET Network (FP7-MCITN-2012-316379), and the universities of Alicante and the Basque Country

Enantioselective Michael addition of isobutyraldehyde to nitroalkenes organocatalyzed by chiral primary amine-guanidines

Primary amine-guanidines derived from trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamines are used as organocatalysts for the enantioselective conjugate addition of isobutyraldehyde to arylated and heteroarylated nitroalkenes. The reaction was performed in the presence of imidazole as the additive in aqueous DMF as the solvent at 0 °C. The corresponding Michael adducts bearing a new stereocenter were obtained in high yields and with enantioselectivities of up to 80%. Theoretical calculations are used to justify the observed sense of the stereoinduction.Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (projects CTQ2010-20387, CTQ2010-21263-C02 and Consolider Ingenio 2010, CSD2007-00006), FEDER, the COST Action CM0905 ‘Organocatalysis’, the Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo/2009/039), the Basque Government (GV Grant IT-291-07), the FP7 Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission via the ITN ECHONET Network (MCITN-2012-316379) and the universities of Alicante and the Basque Country

Enantioselective Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Maleimides Organocatalyzed by a Chiral Primary Amine-Salicylamide

A primary amine-salicylamide derived from chiral trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine was used as an organocatalyst for the enantioselective conjugate addition of aldehydes, mainly α,α-disubstituted to N-substituted maleimides. The reaction was performed in toluene as a solvent at room temperature. The corresponding enantioenriched adducts were obtained with high yields and enantioselectivities up to 94%. Theoretical calculations were used to justify the stereoinduction.We thank the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (CTQ2015-66624-P and CTQ201788171-P) and the University of Alicante (VIGROB-173). A.M. thanks SIGMA Clermont Chemistry Engineering Graduate School for an ERASMUS+ fellowship. We also thank the Basque Government (GIC15/03, IT1033-16) for financial support, and IZO/SGI SGIker of UPV/EHU for human and technical support