A ruthenium-based catalytic system with switchable selectivity between cyclotrimerization and enyne metathesis/Diels–Alder reactions of terminal alkynes

AbstractIn this study, we report a practical catalytic system, [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2/IPr (IPr: 1,3-bis(2,6 diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene), that can switch between cyclotrimerization and cross enyne metathesis. The cyclotrimerization reaction of phenylacetylene catalyzed by [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 can be switched to enyne metathesis by the introduction of a sterically hindered N-heterocyclic carbene. The 1,3-diene formed during this reaction reacts with dienophiles to form the Diels–Alder adduct. A practical one-pot synthesis method, utilizing enyne metathesis/Diels–Alder reactions, was used to construct cyclic compounds in an efficient manner

Characterization of an AlN buffer layer and a thick-GaN layer grown on sapphire substrate by MOCVD

An AlN buffer layer and a thick-GaN layer for high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) were grown on sapphire substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The structural and morphological properties of the layers were investigated by high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The optical quality of the thick-GaN layer was also evaluated in detail by a photoluminescence (PL) measurement. It was found that the AlN buffer layer possesses high crystal quality and an atomically flat surface with a root-mean-square (rms) roughness of 0.16 nm. The screw-and edge-type dislocation densities of the thick-GaN layer were determined as 5.4 9 107 and 5.0 9 109 cm-2 by means of the mosaic crystal model, respectively. It was observed that the GaN layer has a smooth surface with an rms of 0.84 nm. Furthermore, the dark spot density of the GaN surface was estimated as 6.5 9 108 cm-2 over a scan area of 4 μm2. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010

Assessment of Centella Asiatica Extract Containing Dual-crosslinked Gel-MA/Pec Hydrogels as Wound Dressing

In the present work, 3D-printed wound dressings containing different amounts of Centella Asiatica extract were synthesized via dual-crosslinking method. Methacrylic anhydride modified gelatin (Gel-MA) and pectin (Pec) were chosen as the base material for dressings. A dual crosslinked network was formed with Gel-MA photo-crosslinking using Irgacure 2959 and Pectin (Pec) psychical-crosslinking using Ca++ ions. Meanwhile, the developed dual-crosslinked hydrogel dressings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical, swelling, in vitro degradation as well as ex vivo bioadhesion tests. It has been observed that the preapred dressings provide good bioadhesion on the chicken skin. Moreover, MTT assay revealed cell viability of Gel-MA/Pec hydrogel dressings containing Centella Asiatica extract. The results presented the dressings as a promising biomaterial to be used for wound healing purposes, which should be further investigated in future

Delayed diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a case series

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>In malign neoplasms, oral cancer is one of the important causes of mortality and morbidity. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form of oral cancers in adults and is related to risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>In this article, we present three case reports of oral squamous cell carcinomas with delayed diagnosis. The first patient was a 52-year-old Turkish man, the second patient was a 61-year-old Turkish man and the third patient was a 60-year-old Turkish woman. All were referred to the Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry with pain, swelling and various complaints in their jaws.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Early diagnosis is of vital importance for the prognosis of the patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas. For this reason, dentists play a crucial role in the early detection and prevention of oral cancers.</p

Heavy metal analysis in kashar cheese being sold in Trakya region

Araştırmada, Trakya Bölgesi nde satışa sunulan taze kaşar peynirlerinden toplam 50 adet numune toplanmış ve örneklerin kurşun, kalay, bakır ve cıva olmak üzere ağır metal analizleri yapılmıştır. Örnekler basınç altında mikrodalga fırında yaş yakma metodu ile hazırlanarak, mineral maddeleri atomik absorbsiyon spektrofotometre (AAS) ile belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda kaşar peynirlerindeki ağır metal değerleri ortalama olarak, kurşun (Pb) 0.0600 ppm, kalay (Sn) 0.0366 ppm, bakır (Cu) 0.5036 ppm, cıva (Hg) 0.0214 ppm olarak bulunmuştur. Bakır ve kalay ölçümleri tüm numunelerde limit de erinde altında kalmış , kurşun ve cıva ölçümleri ise bazı numunelerde limit değerin üstünde bulunmuştur.In this research, 50 samples of kashar cheese were studied of which are produced and sold in Trakya region, for heavy metal analysis as Lead (Pb), tin (Sn), copper (Cu) and mercury (Hg). Mineral contents of samples were analysied after burning in a microvawe oven by Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometer (AAS). As a result of this study, heavy metal contents of 50 samples in average found as; lead (Pb): 0.0600 ppm, tin (Sn): 0.0366 ppm, copper (Cu): 0.5036 ppm, mercury (Hg): 0.0214 ppm. Analysis also indicated that all results in copper and tin are under limit levels whereas some results in lead and mercury are over these limits

A Quasi-Experimental Study Analyzing the Effectiveness of Portable High-Efficiency Particulate Absorption Filters in Preventing Infections in Hematology Patients during Construction

Objective: The increased risk of infection for patients caused by construction and renovation near hematology inpatient clinics is a major concern. The use of high-efficiency particulate absorption (HEPA) filters can reduce the risk of infection. However, there is no standard protocol indicating the use of HEPA filters for patients with hematological malignancies, except for those who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This quasi-experimental study was designed to measure the efficacy of HEPA filters in preventing infections during construction. Materials and Methods: Portable HEPA filters were placed in the rooms of patients undergoing treatment for hematological malignancies because of large-scale construction taking place near the hematology clinic. The rates of infection during the 6 months before and after the installation of the portable HEPA filters were compared. A total of 413 patients were treated during this 1-year period. Results: There were no significant differences in the antifungal prophylaxis and treatment regimens between the groups. The rates of infections, clinically documented infections, and invasive fungal infections decreased in all of the patients following the installation of the HEPA filters. When analyzed separately, the rates of invasive fungal infections were similar before and after the installation of HEPA filters in patients who had no neutropenia or long neutropenia duration. HEPA filters were significantly protective against infection when installed in the rooms of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, patients who were undergoing consolidation treatment, and patients who were neutropenic for 1-14 days. Conclusion: Despite the advent of construction and the summer season, during which environmental Aspergillus contamination is more prevalent, no patient or patient subgroup experienced an increase in fungal infections following the installation of HEPA filters. The protective effect of HEPA filters against infection was more pronounced in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, patients undergoing consolidation therapy, and patients with moderate neutropenia

Preparation of quercetin incorporated photocrosslinkable methacrylated gelatin/methacrylated kappa-carrageenan antioxidant hydrogel wound dressings

© 2022, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences.Wound dressings with antioxidant potential have attracted remarkable concerns for wound healing. The purpose of this work is to investigate blank, and quercetin loaded photocrosslinkable methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)/methacrylated kappa-carrageenan (KapMA) hydrogel. Wound dressings were produced by the photocrosslinking method in the presence of a photoinitiator. Quercetin was incorporated in photocrosslinkable GelMA/KapMA wound dressings with different ratios. Besides, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, swelling, and degradation tests were performed for characterization studies of the hydrogel wound dressings. The release of quercetin from GelMA/KapMA wound dressings was investigated at a physiological pH value of 7.4 at 37 °C. The antioxidant activity of the hydrogel dressings was further evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. Biocompatibility of wound dressings was assessed using MTT assay tests on NIH-3T3 cell line, which evaluated its suitability in biomaterial applications. The obtained results indicated that quercetin incorporated photocrosslinked GelMA/KapMA wound dressings provide antioxidant activity, and they could be the ability for the potential wound dressings applications

The effect of thiol functional groups on bovine serum albumin/chitosan buccal mucoadhesive patches

In this research, the effect of thiol functional groups on bovine serum albumin (BSA)/chitosan (Chi) based buccal mucoadhesive patch was investigated. Thiolated BSA (BSA-SH) was prepared via 2-mercaptoethanol. FTIR and 1H NMR results confirmed that BSA-SH was synthesized successfully. The buccal mucoadhesive patches were fabricated by the solvent casting method. Following the structural characterization of BSA/Chi and BSA-SH/Chi buccal patches, the mechanical characterization was performed by tensile tests. The drug release from triamcinolone acetonide (TR) loaded buccal patches was evaluated in-vitro in simulated salivary. According to the ex-vivo buccal adhesion experiments, the mechanical and mucoadhesion properties of BSA-SH/Chi buccal patch had improved compared to BSA/Chi buccal patch. The total cumulative TR permeated after 12 h was higher for BSA-SH/Chi than BSA/Chi buccal patches. The developed mucoadhesive buccal patches were found to be biocompatible in vitro. To conclude, the thiolated BSA-SH/Chi buccal adhesive patch is a promising biomaterial for a satisfied drug delivery, which provides advantages for various oral applications

CROHN HASTALIĞI ZEMİNİNDE GELİŞEN ADENOKANSER VAKASI

GİRİŞCrohn hastalığı, aktivite ve remisyon dönemleri olan,bozulmuş bir immün yanıtla ilişkili etiyolojisi bilinmeyen kronik inflamatuarbağırsak hastalığıdır. Ağızdan anüse kadar tüm mide-bağırsak sisteminietkileyebilen yamalı ve transmural lezyonlarla karakterizedir. En sık görülensemptomlar karın ağrısı ve ishaldir ve hastaların yaşam kalitesini ciddi şekildeetkileyebilir. Komplikasyon riskini azaltmak için, birinci basamak hekimleri vegastroenterologlar, hastalığın yönetimine aşina olmalıdır. Crohn hastalığı olanlarda kolorektal kanser riski genelpopülasyona göre artar.(3)Biz de Crohn hastalığı yönünden tetkik ettiğimiz vekolon kanseri tanısını koyduğumuz olguyu sunduk.OLGU37 yaşında komorbiditesi olmayan erkek hasta acil servise halsizlikve ishal şikayetiyle başvurmuş olup laboratuvar değerlerindeHgb:5,5g/dL olan demir eksikliği anemisi ile uyumlu olan hastaya 2 ünite eritrositreplasmanı yapılarak taburcu edilmiş ve etiyolojisi araştırmak içingastroenteroloji polikliniğine yönlendirilmiş. Hasta dış merkezde cerrahi kliniktekolonoskopik görüntülemesinde crohn hastalığı düşünülerek polikliniğimize başvurdu.Değerlendirmesinde 7-8 aydır günde 10-15 kez kanlıishal şikayeti ve 2 ayda 35kg kaybı olması, muayanesinde servikallenfadenopatileri(LAP) olması ve laboratuvar incelemesinde CRP:4mg/dL Wbc:8,8103/uLHgb:8,3g/dL Plt:443&nbsp;103/uL Ferritin:1,3 ng/mL olması üzerine tetkik amaçlıgastroenteroloji servisine yatırıldı. Hastaya tarafımızca yapılan kolonoskopisinde rektumkorunmuş, hepatik fleksuraya kadar multipl villöz polipoid pseudopoliplerineşlik ettiği, arada normal mukozalar olduğu görüldü.Yeni tanı Crohn hastalığı vekolonik darlık görülerek biyopsiler alındı.Hastaya siprofloksasin 2x400mg,metronidazol 3x500mg ve metilprednizolon 60mg başlandı.BilgisayarlıTomografi’de(BT) servikal zincirde, mediastende 18mm ulaşan patolojikgörünümlü lenf nodları ve tüm kolonik segmentlerde submukozal heterojenite ve hepatikfleksurada asimetrik duvar kalınlık artışı saptandı.HastanınLAP’larının olması nedeniyle hematoloji tarafından değerlendirildi ve hematolojikmalignite düşünülmedi.Serviste ishali gerileyen hasta metilprednizolonazaltılarak kesildi ve biyolojik ajan tedavisinin patoloji sonucuna görebaşlanması önerilerek taburcu edildi.Taburculuğunun 13.gününde kontrole gelen ve kolon biyopsisonucu adenokarsinom olarak raporlanan hasta, 2 gündür gaz-gaitaçıkışı olmaması ile ileus düşünülerek acil servise yönlendirildi.Çekilen BT’dehepatik fleksurada 4cm'lik segmentte duvar kalınlaşması yapan kitlesi olanhastaya sağ hemikolektomi+uç ileostomi yapıldı. Postoperatif durumu iyiolan hasta taburcu edildi.GÖRSELLER:<img src="data:image/png;base64,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

Aloe vera-based antibacterial porous sponges for wound dressing applications

The antibacterial sponges with high macroporosity, high interconnectivity and high biocompatibility is a significant concern for wound healing applications. In this work, novel Aloe vera (AV) based sponges were developed via subsequent lyophilization with further chemical crosslinking throughout the double network sponges. Single network was composed of gelatin-sodium alginate (G-SA) while the double network using gelatin-sodium alginate- sodium hyaluronate (G-SA-HA) was produced with the addition of hyaluronic acid solution into the gelatin-sodium alginate matrix. Lastly, Aloe vera as the bioactive agent was fabricated throughout the gelatin-sodium alginate-sodium hyaluronate matrix. The AV-based sponges demonstrated large pores with high interconnectivity. The swelling degree of the AV-based sponges were higher than that of G-SA and G-SA-HA sponges. The release of AV from the sponges reached an equilibrium value after 24 h showing a more controlled release at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.4. AV-based sponges showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus and displayed any cytotoxicity against Mesenchymal stem cells.Hitit University ; Hitit University Scientific and Tecnical Application and Research Cente