Caractérisation structurale et potentiel biologique des polysaccharides issus de Plantago notata Lagasca (Plantaginaceae) et Urginea noctiflora Batt.Trab (Liliaceae)

The study of polysaccharides of Plantago notata Lagasca (Plantaginaceae) and Urginea noctiflora Batt. and Trab (Liliaceae), two spontaneous medicinal plants harvested from East Septentrional Algerian Sahara, allowed to isolate several hydro-and alkali-soluble polysaccharides fractions. Chemical composition analyses of these fractions showed that P.notata seeds extract was the fraction that have the highest neutral sugars composition (85.55%). In this study we have defined an extraction procedure to collect water-soluble polysaccharides and characterized their structure, prior to investigate their physico-chemical properties and biological activities. Structural analyses have revealed that P.notata polysaccharide is a heteroxylan with a backbone composed of β-(1,3)-d-Xylpand β-(1,4)-d-Xylp. The backbone might be highly branched, through O-2 and O-3 positions of β-(1,4)-d-Xylp by various side chains and terminal monosaccharides such as α-l-Araf-(1,3)-β-d-Xylp, β-d-Xylp-(1,2)-β-d-Xylp, T-Xylp or T-Araf. The physico-chemical analysis of this polysaccharide in dilute and semi- diluted regimes showed that this heteroxylan exhibited a molecular weight of 2.3 x 106 g/mol and a pseudoplastic behavior. The use of the digestibility of this heteroxylan has led to the production of a non-digestible polymer with prebiotic properties.L’étude des polysaccharides de Plantago notata Lagasca. (Plantaginaceae) et Urginea noctiflora Batt. et Trab (Liliaceae), deux plantes spontanées à caractère médicinal récoltées au Sahara Septentrional Est Algérien, a permis d’isoler plusieurs fractions polysaccharidiques hydro- et alcali-solubles. Les analyses de la composition globale de ces fractions ont montré que l’extrait des graines de P.notata est la fraction la plus riche en oses totaux (85,55 %). Cette étude a consisté essentiellement en à définir les conditions d’extraction des polysaccharides hydro solubles, à en identifier la structure, à en caractériser les propriétés physico-chimiques et à explorer les activités biologiques. Ce travail a conduit à l’identification d’un hétéroxylane de haute masse molaire (2,3 x 106 g/mol). Ce polysaccharide est constitué d’une chaîne principale de β-(1,3)-d-Xylp et β-(1,4)-d-Xylp substituée en positions O-2 et O-3 de β-(1,4)-d-Xylp par des chaines latérales et des monosaccharides terminales  comme α-l-Araf-(1,3)-β-d-Xylp, β-d-Xylp-(1,2)-β-d-Xylp, T-Xylp ou T-Araf. L’analyse physico-chimique de ce polysaccharide dans des régimes dilués et semi-dilués a montré que l’hétéroxylane présente un comportement rhéofluidifiant, ayant des propriétés de gel faible. La mise en œuvre de la digestibilité de cette hétéroxylane a conduit à l’obtention d’un polymère non digestible avec des propriétés prébiotiques

Structural Characterization and Biological Potential of Polysaccharides from Plantago notata Lagasca (Plantaginaceae) and Urginea noctiflora Batt. Trab (Liliaceae)

L’étude des polysaccharides de Plantago notata Lagasca. (Plantaginaceae) et Urginea noctiflora Batt. et Trab (Liliaceae), deux plantes spontanées à caractère médicinal récoltées au Sahara Septentrional Est Algérien, a permis d’isoler plusieurs fractions polysaccharidiques hydro- et alcali-solubles. Les analyses de la composition globale de ces fractions ont montré que l’extrait des graines de P.notata est la fraction la plus riche en oses totaux (85,55 %). Cette étude a consisté essentiellement en à définir les conditions d’extraction des polysaccharides hydro solubles, à en identifier la structure, à en caractériser les propriétés physico-chimiques et à explorer les activités biologiques. Ce travail a conduit à l’identification d’un hétéroxylane de haute masse molaire (2,3 x 106 g/mol). Ce polysaccharide est constitué d’une chaîne principale de β-(1,3)-d-Xylp et β-(1,4)-d-Xylp substituée en positions O-2 et O-3 de β-(1,4)-d-Xylp par des chaines latérales et des monosaccharides terminales  comme α-l-Araf-(1,3)-β-d-Xylp, β-d-Xylp-(1,2)-β-d-Xylp, T-Xylp ou T-Araf. L’analyse physico-chimique de ce polysaccharide dans des régimes dilués et semi-dilués a montré que l’hétéroxylane présente un comportement rhéofluidifiant, ayant des propriétés de gel faible. La mise en œuvre de la digestibilité de cette hétéroxylane a conduit à l’obtention d’un polymère non digestible avec des propriétés prébiotiques.The study of polysaccharides of Plantago notata Lagasca (Plantaginaceae) and Urginea noctiflora Batt. and Trab (Liliaceae), two spontaneous medicinal plants harvested from East Septentrional Algerian Sahara, allowed to isolate several hydro-and alkali-soluble polysaccharides fractions. Chemical composition analyses of these fractions showed that P.notata seeds extract was the fraction that have the highest neutral sugars composition (85.55%). In this study we have defined an extraction procedure to collect water-soluble polysaccharides and characterized their structure, prior to investigate their physico-chemical properties and biological activities. Structural analyses have revealed that P.notata polysaccharide is a heteroxylan with a backbone composed of β-(1,3)-d-Xylpand β-(1,4)-d-Xylp. The backbone might be highly branched, through O-2 and O-3 positions of β-(1,4)-d-Xylp by various side chains and terminal monosaccharides such as α-l-Araf-(1,3)-β-d-Xylp, β-d-Xylp-(1,2)-β-d-Xylp, T-Xylp or T-Araf. The physico-chemical analysis of this polysaccharide in dilute and semi- diluted regimes showed that this heteroxylan exhibited a molecular weight of 2.3 x 106 g/mol and a pseudoplastic behavior. The use of the digestibility of this heteroxylan has led to the production of a non-digestible polymer with prebiotic properties

Bioactivités, méthodes d’extraction et de purification des polysaccharides de produits naturels

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl.GUM

International audienceMyrrha, the gum resin exudate from Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. tree, has been extensively used in traditional medicine for their beneficial effects. In this work, we isolated and purified water-soluble polysaccharide fraction (WSP), which afforded a yield of 42%. The chemical composition of WSP was mainly consisted of 83.33±2.63% carbohydrates, among them 79.25±1.06% are neutral monosaccharides and 13.4± 2.18% proteins, with traces of polyphenols (3.82%): The majority components of monosaccharides were galactose (45%) and arabinose (44%), with low levels of xylose (6%), and mannose (5%): In order to evaluate the immunostimulatory effect of WSP, phagocytic activity of opsonized human leucocytes against opportunist pathogen yeast, Candida albicans, was assessed. WSP could significantly (p < 0.05) enhance phagocytic capacity at the dose of 150 μg/ml, which showed a phagocytic activity of 29%. Moreover, the antihyperglycemic activity of extract was determined by α-D-glucosidase inhibitory activity, in vitro. WSP displays a promising inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 8.30±0.12 mg/mL. The results of this work provide new knowledge in the field of chemical composition and biological activities of polysaccharides of Commiphora myrrha gum and might play an important role in activating phagocytosis leucocytes cells, thus having contribution to antidiabetic activity

Mediterranean semi-arid plant Astragalus armatus as a source of bioactive galactomannan

International audienceA water-soluble polysaccharide fraction (WSPF) was extracted and purified from Astragalus armatus Lam. (Fabaceae), a spontaneous plant found in North Algerian Sahara. The structural features of WSPF were evaluated by colorimetric assays, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). WSPF was a galactomannan-rich fraction, with a β-(1,4)-d-manp backbone with α-(1,6)-d-galp branches, and a Man:Gal ratio of 1.13. Besides, the anti-complement activity and the antioxidant potential (DPPH and hydroxyl radicals) of WSPF were evaluated. The results exhibited an anti-complementary activity, with an IC50 value of 0.39 mg/mL of the fraction, better than for heparin (0.58 mg/mL). Moreover, WSPF possessed a notable antioxidant activity on DPPH radical with an IC50 of 330 µg/mL

Chemical features and biological activities of water-soluble polysaccharides from Commiphora myrrha gum

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Beneficial Health Potential of Algerian Polysaccharides Extracted from Plantago ciliata Desf. (Septentrional Sahara) Leaves and Seeds

International audienceToday, an ethnobotanical approach makes sense for identifying new active bioactive chemicals from uses of indigenous plants. Two water-soluble enriched polysaccharide fractions (L-PSPN and S-PSPN) were extracted by hot water extraction from the leaves and seeds of Plantago ciliata Desf. (1798), a Mzab indigenous herb currently used in Algeria by traditional healers. Primary investigation was performed for describing the main structural features of these polysaccharides (pectin- and heteroxylan-like compositions) by using colorimetric assays, FTIR spectroscopy, HPAEC/PAD and GC/MS-EI analyses. Some biological activities were also monitored, such as anticomplement, anti-inflammatory (phagocytic ability, NOX2 and MPO inhibitions) and anti-diabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions). L-PSPC seems able to moderately modulate innate immune system (IC50 around 100 µg/mL) and contribute to wound-healing processes (IC50 close to 217 vs. 443 µg/mL for sodium heparin). S-PSPC shows some potential as an anti-hyperglycemic (IC50 around 4.7 mg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (IC50 ranging from 111 to 203 µg/mL) agent, as well as other (fiber) psyllium-like polysaccharides extracted from Plantago species

Partial characterization and phagocytosis activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Plantago ciliata seeds

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Caractérisation structurale et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et biologiques de deux polysaccharides extraits des plantes africaines, Plantago notata et Astragalus armatus

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Bioactive polysaccharides from African terrestrial plants: the importance of ethnobotany

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