Global existence of the two-dimensional QGE with sub-critical dissipation

In this paper, we study the sub-critical dissipative quasi-geostrophic equations $({\bf S}_\alpha)$. We prove that there exists a unique local-in-time solution for any large initial data $\theta_0$ in the space ${\bf{\mathcal X}}^{1-2\alpha}(\mathbb R^2)$ defined by (\ref{ec}). Moreover we show that $({\bf S}_\alpha)$ has a global solution in time if the norms of the initial data in ${\bf{\mathcal X}}^{1-2\alpha}(\mathbb R^2)$ are bounded by $1/4$. Also, we prove a blow-up criterion of the non global solution of $({\bf S}_\alpha)$.Comment: 16 page

Amélioration par ajout d’un métal de transition de la régénération in situ d’un charbon actif par oxydation catalytique

En raison de la réglementation plus sévère sur la pollution de l’eau, l’oxydation chimique (CWAO et AOP) et l’hybridation adsorption / régénération par oxydation sont de plus en plus envisagées pour éliminer les polluants réfractaires. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’effet de l’imprégnation du fer ou du cuivre sur l’activité du charbon actif dans l’oxydation catalytique en voie humide (avec ou sans ajout d’H202), ainsi que sur sa durée de vie comme adsorbant / catalyseur dans le procédé séquentiel Adsorption-Oxydation (ADOX). Les catalyseurs (Fe / AC et Cu / AC) ont été préparés par imprégnation à humidité naissante d’un charbon actif commercial avec une solution contenant le sel de métal (nitrate de fer ou le nitrate de cuivre). Les matériaux sont ensuite séchés pendant une nuit à 110° C, et calcinés à 350 ° C pendant 4 heures sous azote. Les cycles d’adsorption et d’oxydation successifs ont été effectués en réacteur à lit fixe. Au cours de l’étape d’adsorption, le réacteur a été alimenté en continu avec une solution de phénol à 0,5 g / L, jusqu’à la saturation de l’adsorbant. La capacité d’adsorption du charbon actif a été calculée à partir des courbes de percée du phénol. L’étape d’oxydation s’effectue en batch durant 8 h (50 bars, 150 ° C). Dans certains cas, une faible quantité de H2O2 (20% de la quantité stœchiométrique nécessaire pour la minéralisation totale du phénol présent dans le solide et la solution) a été ajoutée à la solution de phénol. La dégradation du phénol a été suivie à l’aide de l’HPLC/UV et le taux de minéralisation est quantifié au moyen d’analyses DCO ou COT. L’addition du métal (cuivre ou fer) améliore la durabilité du procédé en réduisant la perte de surface BET du charbon actif, et, plus marginalement, la diminution progressive des capacités d’adsorption. L’ajout de H2O2 en oxydation a clairement amélioré la régénération de l’adsorbant, mais son effet ne s’ajoute cependant pas à celui des métaux. ABSTRACT : Due to increasingly severe regulation on water pollution, waste water treatments are more and more concerned with chemical oxidation (CWAO and AOP) and hybrid adsorption/oxidative regeneration processes to remove refractory pollutants. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of iron or copper addition on Activated Carbon (AC) activity in standard and peroxide-promoted CWAO, as well as on its lifetime as adsorbent/catalyst in the sequential Adsorption-Oxidation process (ADOX). The catalysts (Fe/AC and Cu/AC, respectively) were prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation of a commercial activated carbon (5% by weight) with a precursor solution containing the metal salt (iron nitrate or copper nitrate). After drying overnight at 110°C, they were calcinated at 350°C for 4h under nitrogen flow. The successive adsorption-oxidation cycles were performed using a small fixed bed reactor containing about 7 g of AC. During the adsorption step, the reactor was continuously fed with a 0.5 g/L phenol solution until complete bed saturation. The adsorption capacity of the AC was calculated from the breakthrough curves of phenol adsorption. The batch oxidation step (50 bar, 150°C) lasted 8h. For peroxide promoted CWAO, a low dose of H2O2 (20% of the stoichiometric amount required for phenol mineralization) was added to the recycled phenol solution. Phenol conversion was monitored by HPLC/UV and the extent of mineralization by Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) or Total Organic Carbon (TOC). The addition of metal (copper or iron) showed a slight beneficial effect on AC regeneration by CWAO, but not as high as expected from the final BET area of the solids. Peroxide promoted CWAO clearly improved AC regeneration, nevertheless its effect was not additive with that of the metals

Evidence for a role of Arabidopsis CDT1 proteins in gametophyte development and maintenance of genome integrity

Meristems retain the ability to divide throughout the life cycle of plants, which can last for over 1000 years in some species. Furthermore, the germline is not laid down early during embryogenesis but originates from the meristematic cells relatively late during development. Thus, accurate cell cycle regulation is of utmost importance to avoid the accumulation of mutations during vegetative growth and reproduction. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes two homologs of the replication licensing factor CDC10 Target1 (CDT1), and overexpression of CDT1a stimulates DNA replication. Here, we have investigated the respective functions of Arabidopsis CDT1a and CDT1b. We show that CDT1 proteins have partially redundant functions during gametophyte development and are required for the maintenance of genome integrity. Furthermore, CDT1-RNAi plants show endogenous DNA stress, are more tolerant than the wild type to DNA-damaging agents, and show constitutive induction of genes involved in DNA repair. This DNA stress response may be a direct consequence of reduced CDT1 accumulation on DNA repair or may relate to the ability of CDT1 proteins to form complexes with DNA polymerase e, which functions in DNA replication and in DNA stress checkpoint activation. Taken together, our results provide evidence for a crucial role of Arabidopsis CDT1 proteins in genome stability

Improving the Pharmacologic Management of Patients after Osteoporotic Hip Fractures

Abstract Background Osteoporotic hip fractures have become an increasingly common healthcare burden with significant morbidity and mortality in the geriatric population. Pharmacological management of the underlying osteoporosis is critical. Our objective is to determine the percentage of patients older than 65 who receive pharmacologic treatment of osteoporosis within six months after a fragility fracture at Cabell Huntington Hospital. Methods Data was extracted from medical records for patients age 65 or older who sustained a hip fracture during June 2013 - March 2015. Patients who received any form of pharmacologic treatment within six months after their fractures were identified. All analyses were performed using SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina). Results Among the 193 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 26% (n=50) received pharmacologic treatment within six months after fracturing versus 74% (n=143) who did not receive any type of pharmacologic therapy after the fracture. Female was the predominant gender in pharmacologic treatment group (74% vs 71%). Mean age was 81 years old in both groups (81±9 vs 82±8), mean BMI was 25 in both groups (25±5 vs 25±6). There was no significant difference in pharmacologic management when the patients were stratified according to age group. Conclusion Patients were pharmacologically undertreated after an osteoporotic hip fracture, regardless of the age of fracture presentation. Due to potential benefits of pharmacologic treatment after osteoporotic hip fracture, treatment should be initiated prior to discharge, if possible. If this is not feasible for the patient, specific and detailed instructions should be given to the patient’s primary care physician, or endocrinologist if medically complicated, for initiating therapy and proper management of the patient

Defining the operating conditions of the attrition-leaching process using thermodynamic process modelling

The attrition-leaching process aims at improving leaching performance when formation of passivation layers at the surface of leached particles is a severe limiting factor, as discussed recently by Julcour and coworkers (Julcour et al., 2015). This paper proposes a geochemistry-based modelling scheme for deriving the window of possible operating conditions for the attrition-leaching process to match the properties of the processed ore. The rationale is that the attrition-leaching process maintains the surface of reacting particles in an unpassivated state by continuous mechanical removal of surface leach layers, so that the process reactions can be modelled from thermodynamic equilibria throughout the duration of the process. The strength of the proposed modelling approach is that it bridges the gap between the properties of the ore and the process operating conditions. The present paper exemplifies the proposed process modelling route for derivation of the attrition-leaching process operating conditions in the context of the leaching of silicate ores, matching model predictions against controlled laboratory experiments. It is shown how thermodynamic modelling, when used in conjunction with a solid knowledge of the phases present in the system, can assist with deciding upon suitable process operating conditions. As an example, this firstprinciple modelling approach predicted that steel grinding medium would be converted into siderite (FeCO3) under a wide range of operating conditions, which led to questioning this initial choice of grinding medium for the attrition-leaching process under mineral carbonation conditions. It is emphasised that the same approach could be applied to ores of greater economic significance

Simplified open repair for anterior chest wall deformities. Analysis of results in 205 patients

SummaryIntroductionPectus deformities are the most frequently seen congenital thoracic wall anomalies. The cause of these conditions is thought to be abnormal elongation of the rib cartilages. We here report our clinical experience and the results of a sternochondroplasty procedure based on the subperichondrial resection of the elongated cartilages.HypothesisThis technique is a valuable surgical strategy to treat the wide variety of pectus deformities.Patients and methodsDuring the period from October 2001 through September 2009, 205 adult patients (171 men and 34 women) underwent pectus excavatum (181), carinatum (19) or arcuatum (5) repair. The patients’ pre and postoperative data were collected using a computerized database, and the results were assessed with a minimum 2-year follow-up.ResultsThe postoperative morbidity rate was minimal and the mortality was nil. The surgeon graded cosmetic results as excellent (72.5%), good (25%) or fair (2.5%), while patients reported better results. Patients with pectus excavatum were found to have much more patent foramen ovale (PFO) than the normal adult population, which occluded after the procedure in 61% of patients, and significant improvement was found in exercise cardiopulmonary function and exercise tolerance at the 1-year follow-up.DiscussionOur sternochondroplasty technique based on the subperichondrial resection of the elongated cartilages allows satisfactory repair of both pectus excavatum and sternal prominence. It is a safe procedure that might improve the effectiveness of surgical therapy in patients with pectus deformities.Level of evidenceLevel IV. Retrospective study

How Students Deal With Password Security: Case Study of Nalut University Students

University students are the largest segment of society that uses modern technology, represented by computers and smart phones, and to ensure the security and integrity of information, students must consider the most common protection methods for conducting the electronic authentication process. This research seeks to evaluate the extent of awareness of Nalut University students about password policies. The size of the study sample was (539) students, and the average age of the sample was (between 18 and 20 years) out of 2177 students. The questionnaire was analyzed using the statistical analysis program SPSS, version (26). The results of the study showed that the level of awareness among Nalut University students was low, as their percentage was 49.8%. It was found that there is a relationship between gender and password policy among university students, where the p value was = 0.01

The MYST histone acetyltransferases are essential for gametophyte development in Arabidopsis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) play critical roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. Arabidopsis genome contains 12 HAT genes, but the biological functions of many of them are still unknown. In this work, we studied the evolutionary relationship and cellular functions of the two Arabidopsis HAT genes homologous to the MYST family members.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An extensive phylogenetic analysis of 105 MYST proteins revealed that they can be divided into 5 classes, each of which contains a specific combination of protein modules. The two Arabidopsis MYST proteins, HAM1 and HAM2, belong to a "green clade", clearly separated from other families of HATs. Using a reverse genetic approach, we show that <it>HAM1 </it>and <it>HAM2 </it>are a functionally redundant pair of genes, as single Arabidopsis <it>ham1 </it>and <it>ham2 </it>mutants displayed a wild-type phenotype, while no double mutant seedling could be recovered. Genetic analysis and cytological study revealed that <it>ham1ham2 </it>double mutation induced severe defects in the formation of male and female gametophyte, resulting in an arrest of mitotic cell cycle at early stages of gametogenesis. RT-PCR experiments and the analysis of transgenic plants expressing the <it>GUS </it>reporter gene under the <it>HAM1 </it>or the <it>HAM2 </it>promoter showed that both genes displayed an overlapping expression pattern, mainly in growing organs such as shoots and flower buds.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The work presented here reveals novel properties for MYST HATs in Arabidopsis. In addition to providing an evolutionary relationship of this large protein family, we show the evidence of a link between MYST and gamete formation as previously suggested in mammalian cells. A possible function of the Arabidopsis MYST protein-mediated histone acetylation during cell division is suggested.</p

Arabidopsis Topless-related 1 mitigates physiological damage and growth penalties of induced immunity

Transcriptional corepressors of the Topless (TPL) family regulate plant hormone and immunity signaling. The lack of a genome-wide profile of their chromatin associations limits understanding of the TPL family roles in transcriptional regulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing (ChIP-Seq) was performed on Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing GFP-tagged Topless-related 1 (TPR1-GFP) with and without constitutive immunity via Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1). RNA-Seq profiling of the TPR1-GFP lines and pathogen-infected tpl/tpr mutants, combined with measuring immunity, growth, and physiological parameters was employed to investigate TPL/TPR roles in immunity and defense homeostasis. TPR1 was enriched at promoter regions of c. 1400 genes and c. 10% of the detected binding required EDS1 immunity signaling. In a tpr1 tpl tpr4 (t3) mutant, resistance to bacteria was slightly compromised, and defense-related transcriptional reprogramming was weakly reduced or enhanced, respectively, at early (< 1 h) and late 24 h stages of bacterial infection. The t3 plants challenged with bacteria or pathogen-associated molecular pattern nlp24 displayed photosystem II dysfunctions. Also, t3 plants were hypersensitive to phytocytokine pep1 at the level of root growth inhibition. Transgenic expression of TPR1 rescued these t3 physiological defects. We propose that TPR1 and TPL family proteins function in Arabidopsis to reduce detrimental effects associated with activated transcriptional immunity