351 research outputs found
Congenital Midline Nodules on the Chin and Sternum
History: A 5-day old black male full-term neonate born via vacuum-assisted delivery for non-reassuring fetal heart rate presented with congenital presentation of two asymptomatic midline lesions which appeared asymptomatic. There was no history of seizures, ophthalmologic findings, abnormalities in head circumference, height, weight or limb size. Newborn screening examination was unremarkable.
Examination: On the midline submental chin there was a soft, brown dome-shaped plaque measuring 0.8-centimeters with a circumferential ring of light brown pigmentation; on the midline upper chest there was a light brown 2-millimeter dome-shaped papule.
Course and Therapy: Ultrasound of the submental chin lesion revealed a 0.5 x 0.8 x 0.4-centimeter heterogeneously hypoechoic structure with a peripheral soft tissue rind. Punch biopsies of the submental chin and the midline upper chest revealed haphazardly arranged striated muscle fibers in the dermis, some of which inserted directly into the epidermis. The muscle fibers were highlighted by Massonâs trichrome and myogenin. Alcian blue revealed increased dermal mucin.
Discussion: Striated muscle hamartomas (SMH) are rare, benign congenital skin tumors characterized by haphazard arrangement of mature striated skeletal muscle, collagen, nerve bundles, and adipose tissue in the dermal and subcutaneous tissue. Although a rare entity, it is important to recognize this benign hamartoma as a congenital midline defect. Conservative management with clinical monitoring is recommended if cosmetically acceptable, as spontaneous regression over a period of years has been reported. Surgical excision may be pursued; however, the hamartoma may recur.https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/merf2020caserpt/1133/thumbnail.jp
No impact of early intervention on late outcome after minimal, mild and moderate head injury
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on outcome after minimal, mild and moderate head injury.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Three hundred and twenty six patients underwent stratified randomization to an intervention group (n = 163) or a control group (n = 163). Every second patient was allocated to the intervention group. Participants in this group were offered a cognitive oriented consultation two weeks after the injury, while subjects allocated to the control group were not. Both groups were invited to follow up 3 and 12 months after injury.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 50 (15%) patients completed the study (intervention group n = 22 (13%), control group n = 28 (17%), not significant). There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention group and the control group.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>There was no effect on outcomes from an early educational intervention two weeks after head injury.</p
26856 Proliferative nodule resembling angiomatoid Spitz with pronounced degenerative atypia arising within a giant congenital nevus
Proliferative nodules arising within congenital melanocytic nevi present a diagnostic challenge for dematopathologists given their close resemblance to melanoma. In difficult cases, ancillary molecular tests can be used to better exclude the possibility of malignancy. We report case of a biopsy and subsequent excision of an unusual proliferative nodule with overlapping features of angiomatoid Spitz tumor and ancient melanocytic nevus which demonstrated normal findings on both chromosomal microarray and a gene expression profiling assay. Our case is noteworthy given its striking resemblance to what has been reported for an angiomatoid Spitz tumor. To our knowledge, this particular morphologic subset of Spitz has been described primarily in the context of spontaneous melanocytic tumors arising de novo outside the context of a congenital lesion. The pathology showed bizarre cytological features along with a myxoid and highly vascularized stroma which is thought to represent degenerative atypia characteristic of an âancient nevus.â The lesions described as ancient nevi have some overlapping stromal features with angiomatoid Spitz tumors. A low proliferation index and paucity of mitotic figures is characteristic of these neoplasms. We hypothesize that continued host response to the lesion may be responsible for inducing the observed cytological and stromal derangement. Interestingly, these changes increased from the time of biopsy to the excision. Future studies should aim to define the genetic and immunologic signature of these lesions to help predict prognosis. The relationship between angiomatoid Spitz tumor, ancient change, and regressing nevi should also be investigated
Alcohol consumption, blood alcohol concentration level and guideline compliance in hospital referred patients with minimal, mild and moderate head injuries
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In 2000 the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee published guidelines for safe and cost-effective management of minimal, mild and moderate head injured patients.</p> <p>The aims of this study were to investigate to what extent the head injury population is under the influence of alcohol, and to evaluate whether the physicians' compliance to the guidelines is affected when patients are influenced by alcohol.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study included adult patients (âĽ15 years) referred to a Norwegian University Hospital with minimal, mild and moderate head injuries classified according to the Head Injury Severity Scale (HISS). Information on alcohol consumption was recorded, and in most of these patients blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was measured. Compliance with the abovementioned guidelines was registered.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The study includes 860 patients. 35.8% of the patients had consumed alcohol, and 92.1% of these patients had a BAC ⼠1.00â°. Young age, male gender, trauma occurring during the weekends, mild and moderate head injuries were independent factors significantly associated with being under the influence of alcohol. Guideline compliance was 60.5%, and over-triage was the main violation. The guideline compliance showed no significant correlation to alcohol consumption or to BAC-level.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study confirms that alcohol consumption is common among patients with head injuries. The physicians' guideline compliance was not affected by the patients' alcohol consumption, and alcohol influence could therefore not explain the low guideline compliance.</p
An observational study of compliance with the Scandinavian guidelines for management of minimal, mild and moderate head injury
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Scandinavian guidelines for management of minimal, mild and moderate head injuries were developed to provide safe and cost effective assessment of head injured patients. In a previous study conducted one year after publication and implementation of the guidelines (2003), we showed low compliance, involving over-triage with computed tomography (CT) and hospital admissions. The aim of the present study was to investigate guideline compliance after an educational intervention.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We evaluated guideline compliance in the management of head injured patients referred to the University Hospital of Stavanger, Norway. The findings from the previous study in 2003 were communicated to the hospitals physicians, and a feed-back loop training program for guideline implementation was conducted. All patients managed during the months January through June in the years 2005, 2007 and 2009 were then identified with an electronic search in the hospitals patient administrative database, and the patient files were reviewed. Patients were classified according to the Head Injury Severity Scale, and the management was classified as compliant or not with the guideline.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The 1 180 patients were 759 (64%) males and 421 (36%) females with a mean age of 31.5 (range 0-97) years. Over all, 738 (63%) patients were managed in accordance with the guidelines and 442 (37%) were not. Compliance was not significantly different between minimal (56%) and mild (59%) injuries, while most moderate (93%) injuries were managed in accordance with the guidelines (p < 0.05). Noncompliance was caused by overtriage in 362 cases (30%) and undertriage in 80 (7%). Guideline compliance was 54% in 2005, 71% in 2007, and 64% in 2009.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study shows higher guideline compliance after an educational intervention involving feed-back on performance. A substantial number of patients are exposed to over-triage, involving unnecessary radiation from CT examinations, and unnecessary costs from hospital admissions.</p
Neural mediators of subjective and autonomic responding during threat learning and regulation
Threat learning elicits robust changes across multiple affective domains, including changes in autonomic indices and subjective reports of fear and anxiety. It has been argued that the underlying causes of such changes may be dissociable at a neural level, but there is currently limited evidence to support this notion. To address this, we examined the neural mediators of trial-by-trial skin conductance responses (SCR), and subjective reports of anxious arousal and valence in participants (n = 27; 17 females) performing a threat reversal task during ultra-high field functional magnetic resonance imaging. This allowed us to identify brain mediators during initial threat learning and subsequent threat reversal. Significant neural mediators of anxious arousal during threat learning included the dorsal anterior cingulate, anterior insula cortex (AIC), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), subcortical regions including the amygdala, ventral striatum, caudate and putamen, and brain-stem regions including the pons and midbrain. By comparison, autonomic changes (SCR) were mediated by a subset of regions embedded within this broader circuitry that included the caudate, putamen and thalamus, and two distinct clusters within the vmPFC. The neural mediators of subjective negative valence showed prominent effects in posterior cortical regions and, with the exception of the AIC, did not overlap with threat learning task effects. During threat reversal, positive mediators of both subjective anxious arousal and valence mapped to the default mode network; this included the vmPFC, posterior cingulate, temporoparietal junction, and angular gyrus. Decreased SCR during threat reversal was positively mediated by regions including the mid cingulate, AIC, two sub-regions of vmPFC, the thalamus, and the hippocampus. Our findings add novel evidence to support distinct underlying neural processes facilitating autonomic and subjective responding during threat learning and threat reversal. The results suggest that the brain systems engaged in threat learning mostly capture the subjective (anxious arousal) nature of the learning process, and that appropriate responding during threat reversal is facilitated by participants engaging self- and valence-based processes. Autonomic changes (SCR) appear to involve distinct facilitatory and regulatory contributions of vmPFC sub-regions
Contested resources: Challenges to the governance of natural resources in Southern Africa
In this keynote address I wish to identify some
important ideas and conclusions arising out of recent
analyses of theory and practice on natural resource
management. I use these in a preliminary attempt to
argue that the centrality of power and meaning in
processes of âgoverning natural resourcesâ is not
sufficiently addressed in the currently favoured
approaches of âcommon property theoryâ.
My intention is to provide some food for thought as
we consider together the specific cases presented in
the symposium. I am personally committed to the
intersection of scholarship or theory-building with
practical action, including policy. Note that I say
âintersectionâ â I do not wish to conflate the academic
work of theory-building with the practical work of
applying theory to policy, but I also reject their total
separation as neither possible nor desirable. It is the
interface of ideas and action which interests me. I am
particularly interested in the way certain ideas or
approaches make their way into policy design and
implementation, often with no attention being paid
to their theoretical premises, and how quickly they
become accepted as conventional wisdoms. Equally
interesting is the question of why some ideas and
approaches developed by thinkers and researchers do
not make their way into policy debate. Today, I shall
discuss some notions that currently dominate the
realm of natural resource management so effectively
that they exclude others that might be more
appropriate guides
A pediatric case of pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma with chromosomal copy number alterations in 15q and 17q and a novel NTRK3âSCAPER gene fusion
Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma (PEM) represents a group of rare, heavily pigmented melanocytic tumors encompassing lesions previously designated as âanimalâtype melanomasâ and âepithelioid blue nevi.â Despite the association of multiple such tumors in the setting of Carney complex, most cases of PEM occur spontaneously as solitary neoplasms in otherwise healthy patients. PEM may arise in both children and adults, and has a known propensity to spread to the regional lymph nodes. Despite this latter finding, recurrence at the biopsy site or spread beyond the lymph node basin is exceptionally uncommon. Although the molecular basis for PEM continues to be characterized, findings to date suggest that this category of melanocytic neoplasia has genetic alterations distinct from those seen in common nevi, dysplastic nevi, Spitz nevi, and melanoma. Herein, we present an inâdepth clinical, histopathologic, and molecular analysis of a case of PEM occurring on the scalp of a young African American girl found to have a novel NTRK3âSCAPER gene fusion.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152480/1/cup13566.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152480/2/cup13566_am.pd
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