The effect of magnetic and electric fields on the processes of food freezing

The article summarizes the results of studies based on scientific publications on the effect of magnetic fields (MF) and electric fields (EF) on the kinetics of freezing processes applied onto biological tissue and on their properties. The processes of freezing food media on installations equipped with the Cells Alive System (CAS) magnetic system manufactured by ABI Co., Ltd., Japan are considered in this article. It is shown that the majority of researchers did not confirm the benefits claimed by the CAS system developers in comparison with the processes of fast freezing in the chambers without the magnetic field. In the case of using the alternating magnetic fields (AMF) with high field induction values, the effect is more pronounced. The application of strong static or alternating EF contributes to the creation of a fine-grained structure of ice, reduces the freezing duration and decreases mass loss during the food thawing

A calculation model for the heat capacity of beef with different moisture during freezing taking into account free water crystallization

The paper proposes a model for the process of free moisture crystallization in beef within the framework of the Debye concept with establishment of dependencies of model parameters on the initial moisture content. Model adequacy was validated by comparison of the calculation results with the results of the experiments on determination of values of heat capacity and phase transition enthalpy in beef with different initial moisture obtained by the differential scanning calorimetry method. It is shown that the end of free water phase transition in beef with initial moisture in a range of 37% to 80% occurs at a temperature of 243 К. Calculation dependencies of parameters of the model used for calculation of beef heat capacity are presented

Effect of strain rate on the formation of the microstructure of a 1950/10% SiC metal matrix composite under high temperature

The paper studies the effect of strain rate on the formation of grains and low-angle boundaries in an aluminum matrix composite based on the 1950 alloy (analogous to the AA7075 alloy) with 10 vol% SiC. The deformation of the metal matrix composite, produced by a powder technique, is investigated at a temperature of 500 °C. The specimens are investigated by electron backscatter diffraction before and after deformation at strain rates ranging from 0.1 to 5.5 s-1. It has been established that continuous dynamic recrystallization occurs in the composite at 500 °C in the whole strain rate range considered. The recrystallization is followed by a decrease in the average grain diameter and an increase in the density of the low-angle boundaries with increasing strain rate. © 2017 Author(s).The work was partially financially supported rheological behavior of a metal matrix composite

Generation of coherent terahertz pulses in Ruby at room temperature

We have shown that a coherently driven solid state medium can potentially produce strong controllable short pulses of THz radiation. The high efficiency of the technique is based on excitation of maximal THz coherence by applying resonant optical pulses to the medium. The excited coherence in the medium is connected to macroscopic polarization coupled to THz radiation. We have performed detailed simulations by solving the coupled density matrix and Maxwell equations. By using a simple $V$-type energy scheme for ruby, we have demonstrated that the energy of generated THz pulses ranges from hundreds of pico-Joules to nano-Joules at room temperature and micro-Joules at liquid helium temperature, with pulse durations from picoseconds to tens of nanoseconds. We have also suggested a coherent ruby source that lases on two optical wavelengths and simultaneously generates THz radiation. We discussed also possibilities of extension of the technique to different solid-state materials

Decomposition process in a FeAuPd alloy nanostructured by severe plastic deformation

The decomposition process mechanisms have been investigated in a Fe50Au25Pd25 (at.%) alloy processed by severe plastic deformation. Phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction and microstructures were observed using transmission electron microscopy. In the coarse grain alloy homogenized and aged at $450 ^{circ}\mathrm{C}$, the bcc \alpha-Fe and fcc AuPd phases nucleate in the fcc supersaturated solid solution and grow by a discontinuous precipitation process resulting in a typical lamellar structure. The grain size of the homogenized FeAuPd alloy was reduced in a range of 50 to 100nm by high pressure torsion. Aging at $450 ^{circ}\mathrm{C}$ this nanostructure leads to the decomposition of the solid solution into an equi-axed microstructure. The grain growth is very limited during aging and the grain size remains under 100nm. The combination of two phases with different crystallographic structures (bcc \alpha-Fe and fcc AuPd) and of the nanoscaled grain size gives rise to a significant hardening of the allo

Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement

This paper summarizes the results of the seminar "Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement", held on August 26, 2022, at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad. During the seminar, the Institute of Geopolitical and Regional Studies of the university announced an initiative to devise a system of monitoring the geopolitical (regional) security of Russia. The debate centred around the development of a conceptual framework and a geopolitical security model as a prerequisite for the system. The discussion also covered other relevant issues, including the definition of geopolitical security and geopolitical space as well as the types of geopolitical threats and vulnerabilities. Another topic on the agenda was the analysis of theoretical approaches applicable to monitoring the geopolitical security in Russia. A constructivist approach based on discursive practices was viewed as the most promising for tracking changes in geopolitical threats. In this work, the emphasis should be placed on regional issues, i. e. the situation in particular regions. Other promising avenues for further research are the operationalization of relevant concepts and the development of a set of indicators of geopolitical threats and vulnerabilities, which Russia has already faced and may face in the future

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ РЕНТГЕНЭНДОВАСКУЛЯРНЫХ МЕТОДОВ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ С ОСТРОЙ ПАТОЛОГИЕЙ АОРТЫ

OBJECTIVES. A timely and accurate diagnosis of acute aortic disease is a prerequisite for a successful surgical treatment. Medical imaging techniques vary in their diagnostic capacity.PURPOSE. The purpose was to assess the current role of endovascular techniques among other diagnostic and treatment modalities for patients with an acute aortic pathology.MATERIAL AND METHODS. The results of endovascular diagnostic investigations performed in 472 patients with aortic pathology have been reviewed.RESULTS. Detection of aorta pathology made 89.6% for aortic aneurysms, 14.1% for aneurysm ruptures, 93.1% for aortic dissection, and 100% for aortic injury. Dissections extended to the aortic branches were identified completely in 41.2 % of cases, and partially indentified in 17.6 %. Endovascular examinations allowed a more accurate evaluation of the aortic branches. Angiography measurements did not reflect an exact size of the aneurysm.CONCLUSION. The angiography is less sensitive method than bolus contrast-enhanced CT and Doppler ultra­sonography and thus should be used only in the cases of suspected aortic-visceral fistulae, to assess the involvement of the aortic branches, the coronary arteryies, and the arteries contributing to spine perfusion, and also in the cases of suspected aortic injury in equivocal CT findings. Angiography should be used at the final stage of the diagnostic work-up in unclear cases and becomes more commonly considered as an endovascular surgical technique for stent-graft implantation, including that in the cases of acute aortic pathology. АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. При своевременной и точной диагностике острой патологии аорты возможно успешное хирургическое лечение пациентов. Методы лучевой диагностики имеют разную диагностическую эффективность.ЦЕЛЬ. Определить значение рентгенэндоваскулярных методов на современном этапе среди других методов в диагностике и лечении больных с острой патологией аорты.МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ. Проанализированы результаты рентгенэндоваскулярной диагностики 472 больных с патологией аорты.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Выявление аневризм составило 89,6%, разрывов аневризм — 14,1%, расслоения — 93,1%, травмы — у 100% больных. Переход расслоения на ветви аорты определен полностью в 41,2% случаев, частично — в 17,6%. Исследования позволили провести наиболее точную оценку состояния ветвей аорты. Измерения при ангиографии не отражают истинные размеры аневризмы.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Ангиография уступает по диагностической точности компьютерной томографии (КТ) с болюсным контрастным усилением и ультразвуковому исследованию с допплеровскими методиками и должна применяться только в случаях подозрения на аорто-органные соустья, для оценки вовлечения в процесс ветвей аорты, коронарных артерий и артерий, участвующих в кровоснабжении спинного мозга; при подозрении на травму аорты при неоднозначности данных КТ. Ангиография — заключительный этап диагностики в неясных случаях, и все больше рассматривается как рентгенохирургический метод, позволяющий имплантировать эндопротез, в том числе и при острой патологии аорты.

Application of machine vision technology for focused laser effect accuracy improvement in microelectronic structures research and semiconductor microprocessing

Machine vision is a field of artificial intelligence that deals with processing images and videos using special algorithms. This allows devices to analyze visual information. Machine vision helps with tasks such as pattern recognition, image segmentation, object detection, and tracking. In microscopy, machine vision plays an important role, particularly in laser scanning microscopy (LSM). Laser scanning microscopy, laser scribing, and laser correction of the topology of semiconductor crystals are important technological processes in the production, control and adjustment of semiconductor crystals both on debug samples and as part of a test batch on a wafer. Laser exposure allows not only mechanically separate crystals, but also carry out more delicate and minimally invasive actions, in particular, adjustments to the values of thin-film resistors or burning of bridges necessary to adjust the circuit and disable unused blocks of the crystal. The paper lists the main parameters of the positioning system as part of the laser scanning setup, their impact on the quality of scanning and exposure to focused radiation at control points. The principles of machine vision algorithms when working with the image of the scanned object and the results of testing in the task of automated laser burning of bridges on a semiconductor wafer are described. Since the number of bridges can reach tens of thousands, and positioning systems have significant errors, machine vision allows you to correct the area and accuracy of laser exposure at any stage of scanning, which significantly improves the quality and efficiency of the process

Indication for a volatile element 114

Recently, the chemical investigation of element 112 revealed a highly volatile, noble metallic behaviour, as expected for the last group 12 member of the periodic table. The observed volatility and chemical inertness were ascribed to the growing influence of relativistic effects on the chemical properties of the heaviest elements with increasing nuclear charge. Here, we report for the first time on gas phase chemical experiments aiming at a determination of element 114 properties. This element was investigated using its isotopes 287114 and 288114 produced in the nuclear fusion reactions of 48Ca with 242Pu and 244Pu, respectively. Identification of three atoms of element 114 in thermochromatography experiments and their deposition pattern on a gold surface indicates that this element is at least as volatile as simultaneously investigated elements Hg, At, and element 112. This behaviour is rather unexpected for a typical metal of group 1