Whole-genome sequencing and genome-scale metabolic modeling of Chromohalobacter canadensis 85B to explore its salt tolerance and biotechnological use

Salt tolerant organisms are increasingly being used for the industrial production of high‐value biomolecules due to their better adaptability compared to mesophiles. Chromohalobacter canadensis is one of the early halophiles to show promising biotechnology potential, which has not been explored to date. Advanced high throughput technologies such as whole‐genome sequencing allow in‐depth insight into the potential of organisms while at the frontiers of systems biology. At the same time, genome‐scale metabolic models (GEMs) enable phenotype predictions through a mechanistic representation of metabolism. Here, we sequence and analyze the genome of C. canadensis 85B, and we use it to reconstruct a GEM. We then analyze the GEM using flux balance analysis and validate it against literature data on C. canadensis. We show that C. canadensis 85B is a metabolically versatile organism with many features for stress and osmotic adaptation. Pathways to produce ectoine and polyhydroxybutyrates were also predicted. The GEM reveals the ability to grow on several carbon sources in a minimal medium and reproduce osmoadaptation phenotypes. Overall, this study reveals insights from the genome of C. canadensis 85B, providing genomic data and a draft GEM that will serve as the first steps towards a better understanding of its metabolism, for novel applications in industrial biotechnology

Antihipertansif İlaçların İnvaziv Olarak Ölçülen Santral Aort Basıncı Üzerine Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, direkt invaziv ölçüm metodu kullanılarak ölçülen santral aorta basıncı ile non-invaziv olarak ölçülen periferik kan basıncını karşılaştırmak ve beta blokerler ile diğer antihipertansif ilaçların direk ölçülen santral aorta basıncı ile non-invaziv olarak ölçülen brakial arter kan basıncı üzerine etkisini değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya herhangi bir nedenle antihipertansif ilaç kullanmakta olan ve koroner anjiografi yapılmak üzere hemodinami laboratuarına alınan 201 hasta dâhil edildi. Hastaların kalp kateterizasyonu sırasında eş zamanlı olarak periferik arter basıncı ve invaziv olarak çıkan aortadan santral aorta basıncı ölçüldü. Periferik ve santral ölçümler için 3 değerin ortalaması alındı. Ayrıca invaziv santral aort basıncı ölçümü sırasında alınan basınç traselerinden artırma basıncı ve artırma indeksi hesaplandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan hastaların ortalama yaşı 59.9±9.1 olup hastaların %53.2 si erkek idi. Hastaların %61.2 sinde anjiografi sonucunda koroner arter hastalığı, %38.8 inde ise normal koronerler tespit edildi. Ortalama kalp hızı beta-bloker kullanan hastalarda 73.5±14.3, diğer antihipertansif ilaçları kullanan hastalarda ise 78.8±15.2 saptandı (p=0.025). Hastaların santral sistolik kan basıncı ve nabız basıncı, periferik değerlerden daha yüksek bulundu. Diyastolik kan basıncı ise periferik ölçümde daha yüksek idi. Ortalama kan basıncı santral ve periferik ölçümde benzer bulundu. Beta-bloker kullanan hastaların santral sistolik kan basıncı , diyastolik kan basıncı, ortalama kan basıncı ve nabız basıncı diğer antihipertansif ilaçları kullanan hastalarla karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmadı (sırasıyla santral SKB 147±31.3 e karşı 152±22.8, p=0.23; DKB 76±16.6 ya karşı 80±14, p=0.07; OKB 100±20 ye karşı, 104±15.6, p=0.12; NB 71±22.2ye karşı 72±16.4, p=0.7). Beta-blokerlerin ve diğer ilaç gruplarının periferik arter basıncı üzerindeki etkileri de benzer bulundu. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda invaziv olarak direkt santral aortadan alınan basınç örneklerinde beta-blokerler ile diğer antihipertansif ilaçların santral aort basıncı üzerindeki etkilerinin benzer olduğu gösterilmiştir. Farklı antihipertansif ilaçların santral kan basıncı üzerindeki etkisini araştıran daha büyük çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.Aim: The aim of this study to evaluate central aortic pressure with direct invasive measurement from ascending aorta and compare the effects of different antihypertensive drugs on central aortic pressure and peripheral blood pressure. Methods: The study included 201 patients who use an any antihypertensive drug and admitted to our hemodynamic laboratory for coronary angiography. During left heart catheterization peripheral brachial and invasive central aortic pressure measured simultaneously and thrice, mean values were calculated. Augmentation pressure and augmentation index are calculated from the central aortic pressure waveforms. Results: Study population were mainly male (53.2%), with a mean age of 59.9 ± 9.17 and 61.2% of them had coronary atherosclerosis, 38.8% of them had normal coronary arteries. There was statistically significant difference with the heart rate between the beta blockers and other antihypertensive drugs (respectively 73.5±14.3, 78.8±15.2 p = 0.025). Central systolic and pulse pressure were higher than peripheral values, peripheral diastolic pressure was higher than central values in the study cohort. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were similar between the patients treated with beta-blockers and other antihypertensive drugs. (respectively central SBP 147±31.3, 152±22.8 P = 0.23; DBP 76±16.6, 80±14 P = 0.07; MBP 100±20, 104±15.6 p = 0.12; PP 71±22.2, 72±16.4 p = 0.7). Similarly there were no statistically significant difference between the beta-blockers and other antihypertensives on peripheral blood pressure. Conclusion: In our study beta-blockers or other antihypertensive drugs were found similar about the effects on central aortic pressure measured with the invasive method. Future clinical studies should focus on the different antihypertensive drugs and their effects on the central aortic pressure

Classification Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms Using Two Independent CAD Datasets

In the last few decades, statistical methods and machine learning (ML) algorithms have become efficient in medical decision-making. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common type of cardiovascular disease that causes many deaths each year. In this study, two CAD datasets from different countries (TRNC and Iran) are tested to understand the classification efficiency of different supervised machine learning algorithms. The Z-Alizadeh Sani dataset contained 303 individuals (216 patient, 87 control), while the Near East University (NEU) Hospital dataset contained 475 individuals (305 patients, 170 control). This study was conducted in three stages: (1) Each dataset, as well as their merged version, was subject to review separately with a random sampling method to obtain train-test subsets. (2) The NEU Hospital dataset was assigned as the training data, while the Z-Alizadeh Sani dataset was the test data. (3) The Z-Alizadeh Sani dataset was assigned as the training data, while the NEU hospital dataset was the test data. Among all ML algorithms, the Random Forest showed successful results for its classification performance at each stage. The least successful ML method was kNN which underperformed at all pitches. Other methods, including logistic regression, have varying classification performances at every step

Simulated acid mine drainage treatment in iron oxidizing ceramic membrane bioreactor with subsequent co-precipitation of iron and arsenic

Acid mine drainage (AMD), generated in the active and abandoned mine sites, is characterized by low pH and high metal concentrations. One AMD treatment possibility is biologically oxidizing Fe2+ followed by precipitation through pH control. As compared to autotrophic iron oxidizing microbial community, a microbial community enriched in the presence of organic nutrients was hypothesized to yield higher biomass during commissioning the bioreactor. In this study, the treatment of Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, Ni, and As containing simulated AMD was studied using an iron-oxidizing ceramic membrane bioreactor (CMBR) at varying hydraulic retention times (HRTs) (6–24 h) and two different feed Fe2+ concentrations (250 and 750 mg/L). The impact of tryptone soya broth (TSB) on the CMBR performance was also investigated. Almost complete Fe2+ oxidation and sustainable flux at around 5.0 L/(m2.h) were obtained in the CMBR with the Alicyclobacillus tolerans and Acidiphilium cryptum dominated enrichment culture. The Fe2+ oxidation rate, as assessed in batch operation cycles of CMBR, increased significantly with increasing Fe2+ loading to the bioreactor. The iron oxidation rate decreased by the elimination of organic matter from the feed. The increase of the CMBR permeate pH to 3.5–4.0 resulted in selective co-precipitation of As and Fe (over 99%) with the generation of biogenic schwertmannite.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe