La stabilité monétaire comme culture ou comment penser l’ordre monétaire au prisme de la culture ? L’exemple allemand

L’objectif de cet article est de saisir la dimension culturelle de la convention monétaire. Les théories (hétérodoxes) de la monnaie ont ouvert la voie à l’analyse des manières dont la monnaie est acceptée comme moyen de paiement et de réserve. La monnaie devient alors l’expression (ou l’émanation) de l’ensemble du corps social. Elle incarne un collectif et, en ce sens, est dotée d’une signification symbolique, souvent saisie par les valeurs partagées au sein de la communauté monétaire. Cette association entre puissance symbolique de la monnaie et valeurs partagées semble se retrouver parfaitement dans la notion de « culture monétaire de stabilité ». Elle oblige néanmoins à s’interroger sur l’articulation entre monnaie et culture. Or la « culture » reste un angle mort des analyses hétérodoxes – conventionnalistes et régulationnistes – de l’économie. L’étude porte sur le cas allemand et sur la culture allemande de stabilité définie comme un large consensus sociétal sur la nécessité d’une monnaie stable. Le croisement des analyses de la théorie de la régulation, de l’économie des conventions ainsi que de la sociologie économique nous permet de proposer une analyse de la culture monétaire de stabilité comme un effet culturel de la forme de l’accumulation capitalistique spécifique prise en Allemagne.What we’re trying to achieve in this article is to understand the cultural dimension of the monetary agreement. The (heterodox) monetary theories have encouraged analysing the different ways currency is accepted as a form of payment as well as a form of a store of value. Money then becomes the expression (or emanation) of the whole social body. It implies a sense of a collective and therefore carries a symbolic meaning often seen in the shared values within the monetary community. The combination between the symbolic power of money and those shared values seem to perfectly match the idea of “monetary stability culture”. This still requires an understanding of the link between money and culture whilst the culture remains a “blind spot” of the different economical heterodox analysis (conventions and regulation ones). The study looks at the case of Germany and the German stability culture which one can define as a major societal agreement about the necessity of stable money. Combining the analysis of the theories of convention and regulation with the economical sociology allows us to offer an analysis of the monetary stability culture as a cultural effect in the form of the capitalistic accumulation that Germany specifically carries out

Culture

« Un dimanche matin à Cologne, sur une très grande artère, pas une voiture ou tram à l’horizon, quelques piétons attendaient que le feu passe au rouge. Nous n’avons pas attendu. Nous avons senti la réprobation du groupe. » « Toujours à Cologne, un samedi après-midi, dans une rue piétonne commerçante, nous sommes entrés dans une boutique, nous avons voulu procéder à un achat, et il y a eu un problème avec ma carte bleue. Pendant que je refaisais des tentatives, puis proposais d’utiliser une au..

ESSAI D'INTERPRETATION <br />DES PHENOMENES CENTRISTES CONTEMPORAINS :<br />analyse comparative : France, Allemagne, Pologne

The renewal of the centre parties in the 1990's on the New Labor model regenerated the debate on the content of the centrism. The fact that the centre doesn't exist as a political offer held on sociologic, ideological and politic dimensions seems to be acknowledged. The study of the democrat-christian parties in Germany, France and Poland stresses the need to disunite these elements. To link one to each other highlights various types of political identification which define a specific understanding of the political scene based on the refusal of the partition. The observed forms can be explained by two variables: one refers to the polarization of the political systems; the second one to the ideological affiliation of the considered political party. The development of the "new" centre parties seems to be linked to the diffusion of a non-conflicted political view to a political party which was until now concerned by the class struggle: the social-democracy.Le renouveau des centres dans les années 1990 sur le modèle du new Labour relance le débat sur le contenu du centrisme. Il semble admis que le centre en tant qu'offre politique articulée sur les dimensions sociologique, idéologique et politique, n'existe pas. L'étude des centres démocrates-chrétiens en France, en Allemagne et en Pologne souligne la nécessité de décomposer ces éléments. Leur mise en relation met en évidence différents types d'identification politique qui définissent un mode spécifique d'appréhension de l'espace politique fondé sur le refus de la partition. Les formes observées s'expliquent par deux variables : l'une renvoie à la polarisation des systèmes politiques et l'autre a trait à la filiation idéologique de la famille politique considérée. L'émergence des " nouveaux " centres semble liée à la diffusion d'une vision politique non-conflictuelle à une famille politique jusqu'ici attachée au principe de la lutte des classes : la social-démocratie

Exemple-Exemplarité | Beispiel-Beispielhaftigkeit: Compte rendu du Séminaire des jeunes chercheurs du CIERA, Moulin d’Andé, 10-12 septembre 2014

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Exemple-Exemplarité | Beispiel-Beispielhaftigkeit

L’exemple est une figure omniprésente de la vie intellectuelle et sociale. Tout à la fois instrument d’argumentation et de communication, genre textuel et modèle (ou anti-modèle) d’action, il sert dans des situations et contextes multiples. En même temps, il est difficile de le définir en tant que tel. Comment aborder la question épistémologique de l’exemple sans avoir recours à des exemples ? Quel rapport l’exemple établit-il entre le général et le particulier ? L’atelier franco-allemand a é..

Multiple Micronutrient Plasma Level Changes Are Related to Oxidative Stress Intensity in Critically Ill Children

Objectives: Micronutrient supplementation in critically ill adults remains controversial. In the pediatric setting, the impact of oxidative stress on the overall micronutrient status has been poorly explored, due to the limited number of studies and to confounding factors (i.e., malnutrition or extra losses). In order to better understand this phenomenon, we aim to describe micronutrient status, focusing on seven micronutrients, in well-nourished critically ill children presenting with severe oxidative stress. Design: Prospective, transversal, observational, single-center study. Setting: PICU, and anesthesiology department, Lyon, France. Patients: Three groups of patients were clinically defined: severe oxidative stress PICU group (at least two organ dysfunctions), moderate oxidative stress PICU group (single organ dysfunction), and healthy control group (prior to elective surgery); oxidative stress intensity was controlled by measuring plasma levels of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione. Children presenting any former condition leading to micronutrient deficiency were excluded (malnutrition, external losses). Interventions: Plasma levels of selenium, zinc, copper, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, and ?-carotene were measured in PICU oxidative stress conditions and compared with those of healthy children. Measurements and Main Results: Two hundred one patients were enrolled (51, 48, and 102 in severe, moderate, and healthy control groups, respectively). Median age was 7.1 years (interquartile range, 2.1-13.8 yr). There was a significant trend (p &lt; 0.02) toward plasma level decrease of six micronutrients (selenium, zinc, copper, vitamin E, vitamin C, and ?-carotene) while oxidative stress intensity increased. Biological markers of oxidative stress (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione) were in accordance with the clinical definition of the three groups. Conclusions: A multiple micronutrient deficiency or redistribution occurs in critically ill children presenting with severe oxidative stress. These findings will help to better identify children who might benefit from micronutrient supplementation and to design adapted supplementation trials in this particular setting

Efficacité et tolérance du dupilumab dans le traitement de la dermatite atopique de l’enfant de moins de 12 ans en vie courante : cohorte rétrospective multicentrique française

International audienc

Partial Breast Irradiation for Patients With Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancer or Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: An ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline.

PURPOSE: This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations on appropriate indications and techniques for partial breast irradiation (PBI) for patients with early-stage invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ. METHODS: ASTRO convened a task force to address 4 key questions focused on the appropriate indications and techniques for PBI as an alternative to whole breast irradiation (WBI) to result in similar rates of ipsilateral breast recurrence (IBR) and toxicity outcomes. Also addressed were aspects related to the technical delivery of PBI, including dose-fractionation regimens, target volumes, and treatment parameters for different PBI techniques. The guideline is based on a systematic review provided by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Recommendations were created using a predefined consensus-building methodology and system for grading evidence quality and recommendation strength. RESULTS: PBI delivered using 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, intensity modulated radiation therapy, multicatheter brachytherapy, and single-entry brachytherapy results in similar IBR as WBI with long-term follow-up. Some patient characteristics and tumor features were underrepresented in the randomized controlled trials, making it difficult to fully define IBR risks for patients with these features. Appropriate dose-fractionation regimens, target volume delineation, and treatment planning parameters for delivery of PBI are outlined. Intraoperative radiation therapy alone is associated with a higher IBR rate compared with WBI. A daily or every-other-day external beam PBI regimen is preferred over twice-daily regimens due to late toxicity concerns. CONCLUSIONS: Based on published data, the ASTRO task force has proposed recommendations to inform best clinical practices on the use of PBI