Lithologic Character of the Paleozoic Sandstone Succession, Southern Ozark Region, Arkansas, and Missouri

Sandstones comprise nearly half of the Paleozoic (Upper Cambrian-Middle Pennsylvania) lithostratigraphic succession in the southern Ozark region of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri. They record five distinct, but related intervals characterized by 1) Upper Cambrian arkoses resting unconformably on Precambrian granite; 2) Lower Ordovician reworked subarkoses, sublitharentites, and quartzites; 3) Lower Ordovician to Lower Mississippian reworked orthoquartzites; 4) Upper Mississippian first cycle sandstones with few metamorphic rock fragments (mrfs); 5) Lower Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) first cycle sandstones with common mrfs and Middle Pennsylvanian (Atokan) first cycle sandstones with common to abundant mrfs. These sandstones accumulated on a gently sloping cratonic platform reflecting transgressive-regressive, epeiric seas that eroded, transported, reworked and deposited more than 914.4m (3000ft) of terrigenous clastic sediments across what is now the south flank of the Ozark Dome

The meaning of different forms of structural myocardial injury, immune response and timing of infarct necrosis and cardiac repair

Although a decline in the all-cause and cardiac mortality rates following myocardial infarction (MI) during the past 3 decades has been reported, MI is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. From a pathological point of view MI consists in a particular myocardial cell death due to prolonged ischemia. After the onset of myocardial ischemia, cell death is not immediate, but takes a finite period of time to develop. Once complete myocytes’ necrosis has occurred, a process leading to a healed infarction takes place. In fact, MI is a dynamic process that begins with the transition from reversible to irreversible ischemic injury and culminates in the replacement of dead myocardium by a fibrous scar. The pathobiological mechanisms underlying this process are very complex, involving an inflammatory response by several pathways, and pose a major challenge to ability to improve our knowledge. An improved understanding of the pathobiology of cardiac repair after MI and further studies of its underlying mechanisms provide avenues for the development of future strategies directed toward the identification of novel therapies. The chronologic dating of MI is of great importance both to clinical and forensic investigation, that is, the ability to create a theoretical timeline upon which either clinicians or forensic pathologists may increase their ability to estimate the time of MI. Aging of MI has very important practical implications in clinical practice since, based on the chronological dating of MI, attractive alternatives to solve therapeutic strategies in the various phases of MI are developing

Sequence Stratigraphic and Tectono-Stratigraphic Successions, Ozark Shelf, Tri-State Region, Southern Midcontinent

The southern Ozark region, Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma occupies the southern border of the North American craton. Its sedimentary succession preserves a complete Wilson Cycle reflecting the Late Precambrian-Cambrian rifting of Rodinia into the Laurussian and Gondwanan landmasses that opened the Iapetus Ocean Basin during the Late Cambrian-Middle Mississippian. The basin was closed during the Late Mississippian-Middle Pennsylvanian by the collision of Laurussia with Gondwana. During the Late Cambrian through the Middle Pennsylvanian, the Ozark Shelf, including its gently sloping, Northern Arkansas Structural Platform (NASP) and adjacent ramp, records both transgression and regression by epeiric seas as well as regional tectonism that can be recognized as five Tectono-Stratigraphic Successions (TS) and correlated readily with the Sloss Cratonic Sequences. The TS record comprises at least 33 named formations with a potential thickness \u3e2926m (9600ft). However, both eustatic and tectonic sea-level rise and fall also produced regional surfaces of erosion that punctuated deposition, and the preserved thickness on the NASP is significantly less. The five distinct, but related, Tectono-stratigraphic Successions in the Paleozoic record are (TS1) Late Precambrian-Middle Cambrian, (TS2) Upper Cambrian-lowest Ordovician, (TS3) Lower Ordovician-Lower Devonian, (TS4) Middle Devonian-Upper Mississippian, and (TS5) Lower-Middle Pennsylvanian. TS1, a pre-Late Sauk Sequence, is the least well-known succession, consisting of emplaced igneous and low-ranked metasedimentary bodies and pre-Lamotte sedimentary rocks. TS2, Late Sauk Sequence, is potentially \u3e937m (3075ft) of dolomites and sandstones. TS3, Tippecanoe Sequence, is the penultimate thickest interval, possibly \u3e1257m (4125ft) of dolomites, limestones, shales, and supermature sandstones. TS4, Kaskaskia Sequence, measures at least 736m (2416ft). The final TS5, Lower Absaroka Sequence of first cycle sandstones with variable amounts of mrfs, and shales is the thickest interval, \u3e1267m (4160ft) and may exceed 7620m (25,000ft) in the adjacent Arkoma Basin

Observations of solar small-scale magnetic flux-sheet emergence

Aims. Moreno-Insertis et al. (2018) recently discovered two types of flux emergence in their numerical simulations: magnetic loops and magnetic sheet emergence. Whereas magnetic loop emergence has been documented well in the last years, by utilising high-resolution full Stokes data from ground-based telescopes as well as satellites, magnetic sheet emergence is still an understudied process. We report here on the first clear observational evidence of a magnetic sheet emergence and characterise its development. Methods. Full Stokes spectra from the Hinode spectropolarimeter were inverted with the SIR code to obtain solar atmospheric parameters such as temperature, line-of-sight velocities and full magnetic field vector information. Results. We analyse a magnetic flux emergence event observed in the quiet-sun internetwork. After a large scale appearance of linear polarisation, a magnetic sheet with horizontal magnetic flux density of up to 194 Mx/cm$^{2}$ hovers in the low photosphere spanning a region of 2 to 3 arcsec. The magnetic field azimuth obtained through Stokes inversions clearly shows an organised structure of transversal magnetic flux density emerging. The granule below the magnetic flux-sheet tears the structure apart leaving the emerged flux to form several magnetic loops at the edges of the granule. Conclusions. A large amount of flux with strong horizontal magnetic fields surfaces through the interplay of buried magnetic flux and convective motions. The magnetic flux emerges within 10 minutes and we find a longitudinal magnetic flux at the foot points of the order of $\sim$$10^{18}$ Mx. This is one to two orders of magnitude larger than what has been reported for small-scale magnetic loops. The convective flows feed the newly emerged flux into the pre-existing magnetic population on a granular scale.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted as a letter in A&

Torsion of an Ovarian Cyst in Pregnancy

Torsion of the ovary is the partial or total rotation of the ovary over its pedicle. It is unusual for it to occur in the second trimester. We report a case  of a 35year old G10P9+0A7 at 17weeks gestation who presented with acute severe abdominal pain. She was found to have an ovarian cyst in pregnancy. She had Exploratory Laparotomy where a huge gangrenous cyst was found and Salpingoophorectomy was performed. The pregnancy continued without any problems. The histology report showed a Simple Cyst. Key words: Torsion, Ovarian Cyst, Pregnanc

Geospatial Analysis of Flood Problems in Jimeta Riverine Community of Adamawa State, Nigeria

Floods are among the most devastating natural disasters in the world, claiming more lives and causing more property damages than any other natural phenomena. In recent times, the incidence of flooding across Nigeria has left both the government and the governed devastated. It is no longer news that flooding and its attendant consequences are injurious to man while the spatial dimensions are often not mapped. This study, therefore, examined the nature of water level/extent and vulnerability in the riverine community of Jimeta, Adamawa State. Using time series analysis, four epoch satellite images covering the study area was used to evaluate the geospatial coverage of water along the watercourse of Upper Benue bordering the study area. Using ILWIS 3.8, ArcGIS 10.1 and statistical analysis, the spatial extent and vulnerability of settlements was mapped. Highly vulnerable (50m buffer) were differentiated from low risk zones (100m buffers). Study revealed that besides rainfall, excess water from Cameroun dam is largely responsible for the identified high level of inundation.  The impacts of flood on the local people are devastating as lives and properties have been lost while economic activities reduced due to health risks and mass migration to neighbouring villages and towns. Early flood warning system (EFWS), rapid response mechanism and outfit, strict adherence to zoning and building principles, evacuation of waste and maintenance of drainage systems, mass awareness campaign on flooding and other environmental hazards and, continuous rehabilitation and assistance of victims as a government, individual and NGOs are recommended hence synergy among stake holders is advocated. Keywords: Flood, GIS Buffer, Settlement, Vulnerability, Water Coverage

A Sociopragmatic Study of Values of Nigerians as Exemplified in Wale Okediran's Tenants of the House: Implication for a Political Caste System

When Basil Bernstein postulated tire Deficit Hypothesis Theory, little did he know that nonverbal means of expression much more than the "code" would hell' in establis!ung the social class system which Bem; tein had intended to eradicate by formally uncot>ering it. In Nigeria, today, the concept of social class, !lluc!rmore than accepted socralnorms and practices, is celebrated and accentuated. The old idea of relat- 11gand integratmg culturally with other members of a communal Afrrcan society seems to have been lost. By scrutinizing Wale Okediran's Tenants of the House, we unravel the pragmatic features of the varius social classes rn the present political institutiOn of tire country as demonstrated by the Honorables in ·he House of Represmtatit•es, using the critical discourse analysis model. In doing this, we look beyond Itt referential end or grammatical meaning of the words to studying how para-linguistic and non-ver~ 1 expressions get sitrwtional meanings in context. The group dichotomy talked about makes aspirants 1 relatit>ely lrigha social dass members compared to where they originally belong. Tirey become oblivious f the close tre that ordinarily exists among Nigt'Tia~Js who are of the same region or state. It is culturally li;approPing how Lizzy, "a tmant of the House" could be int>olved in a plar1 to impeach her kinsman, the speaker of the House. a cotenant though of a higher social rank. We understand the importance placed on social class ratha than khrship affinity or social norms where we cons1der the rdea that the haunted speaker 1s Lizzy's close fnend. What mcessant political impeachments result in-especially when they are intkxed by polrticrans' zeal to indiscrimmately move up a higher class-are unremitting inconclusive proj- ts and uncultrmted ideologie

Synaptotagmin 1 oligomers clamp and regulate different modes of neurotransmitter release

Release of neurotransmitters relies on submillisecond coupling of synaptic vesicle fusion to the triggering signal: AP-evoked presynaptic Ca2+ influx. The key player that controls exocytosis of the synaptic vesicle is the Ca2+ sensor synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1). While the Ca2+ activation of Syt1 has been extensively characterized, how Syt1 reversibly clamps vesicular fusion remains enigmatic. Here, using a targeted mutation combined with fluorescence imaging and electrophysiology, we show that the structural feature of Syt1 to self-oligomerize provides the molecular basis for clamping of spontaneous and asynchronous release but is not required for triggering of synchronous release. Our findings propose a mechanistic model that explains how Syt1 oligomers regulate different modes of transmitter release in neuronal synapses

Soil and water pollution in a banana production region in tropical Mexico

The effects of abundant Mancozeb (Mn, Zn— bisdithiocarbamate) applications (2.5 kg ha-1week-1 for 10 years) on soil and surface-, subsurface- and groundwater pollution were monitored in a banana production region of tropical Mexico. In soils, severe manganese accumulation was observed, wheras the main metabolite ethylenethiourea was near the detection limit. Surface and subsurface water was highly polluted with ethylenethiourea, the main metabolite of Mancozeb (22.5 and 4.3 lg L-1, respectively), but not with manganese. In deep ground water, no ethylenethiourea was detected. The level of pollution in the region presents a worrisome risk for aquatic life and for human health