Radio-protective Potentials of Methanolic/Aqueous Extract of Adasonia digitata and Cochorous olitorious Leaf Plant on Gamma Irradiated Male Wistar Rats

It is no longer news that technology is eating deep as a cankerworm in the heart of human and it is pertinent to know that 90% of the world-used technological gadget are fully equipped with radiation emitting software, which upon human exposure to, generating free radicals-induce disease and several disorders such as hemorrhage induced anaemia, cancer, ischemia reperfusion diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis and several others (Haliwell, 2000). Hence the needs to prevent, ameliorate, attenuate and cure the effects of radiation generating disorders. Some groups of rat were exposed to gamma radiation of 6Grey, generating free radicals and inducing several diseases and disorders. A. digitata and C.olitorious has been established to poses significant (p<0.05) amounts of antioxidant phytochemicals (inducers of endogenous antioxidant enzymes) such as Saponin(16.59±1.85 and 22.12±0.24),Tannins(311.98±0.01 and 287.07±0.16), Polyphenols(170.90±0.68 and 330.07±0.32),Alkaloids(81.56±0.56 and 68.65±2.05) and flavonoids(25.38±2.88 and 157.38±0.38) which is suggestive of the free radical scavenging potentials of the two plants extracts. The administration of the plant extract to rats exposed to radiation was able to attenuate and prevent the disorders, implicating the plant extracts to be radioprotective and antioxidative in potentials. The safety evaluation analysis was examined by measuring the serum ALT, AST and ALP level which was not significantly (p<0.05) different when compared to the normal control, establishing the Hepatoprotective potential of the plant extracts. Keywords: Antioxidative, ameliorate, Free Radicals, Radiation, Hepatoprotective, Radioprotectiv

Cochorous olitorous and Adasonia digitata leaves extracts protects against gamma radiation induced anaemia

This paper proposes that exposure to radiation could generate free radicals, which could lead to disorders such as heamolysis-induced anaemia. We evaluated the radioprotective potentials of Cochorous olitorious and Adasonia digitata methanol leaves extract in gamma radiation induced anaemia. Fifty four adult male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups of 6 animals. Except for the control group, the other the animals were treated with a single dose of whole body gamma radiation of 6Gy and received either 500 or 1000 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of A. digitata and C. olitorious either singly or combination and vitamin C was used as reference. A. digitata and C. olitorious were screened for phytochemical content and had saponin (16.59±1.85 and 22.12±0.24), tannins (311.98±0.01 and 287.07±0.16), polyphenols (170.90±0.68 and 330.07±0.32), alkaloids (81.56±0.56 and 68.65±2.05) and flavonoids (25.38±2.88 and 157.38±0.38) respectively. There was significant loss in body weight, depletion in red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), heamoglobin concentration (HBC) in untreated rats exposed to gamma radiation. Administration of the plant extract to rats exposed to radiation was able to attenuate and ameliorate loss in body weight and changes in blood cells (HBC, PCV, PLT and RBC) especially in radiated rats on combination therapy of both extracts at 1000 mg/kg bwt group. Hepatoprotective and safety evaluation was done by measuring the serum ALT, AST and ALP, these parameters were significantly (p<0.05) increased in untreated rats exposed to gamma radiation compared to normal control rats and these decreased in rats on plant extract

Adsorption of Pesticides from Aqueous Solution using Kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum G.) Derived Activated Carbon

The utilization of kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum G.) leaves as precursor for producing activated carbon for adsorption of pesticides from aqueous solution was investigated in this study. The Combretum micranthum G. leave were carbonized at a temperature of 500 ºC for 1 h. After activation with H3PO4, the kinkeliba activated carbon (KAC) possessed bulk density of 78.6 g/dm3 and volatile component of 10%. The pH, percentage moisture and ash content of the KAC were 5.43 ± 0.36, 1.25 ± 0.04% and 5.01 ± 0.12% respectively. The adsorption of pesticides onto the prepared KAC adsorbent was optimized in terms of operating parameters (adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and initial adsorbate concentration). The results showed greater removal efficiency for the pesticides at pH 3 in 30 min. The results from isotherms studies showed that adsorption of pesticides onto KAC was best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.99), indicating monolayer adsorption. However, Freundlich isotherm model provided the best fit for the uptake of pendimethalin onto the KAC with qe of 118.13 mg/g and R2 of 0.935 suggesting multilayer adsorption.The present work showed that the kinkeliba activated carbon can be used as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of pesticides from aqueous solutions

Amelioration of radiation-induced cellular alterations in rats administered with solvent fractions of methanol leaf extracts of Adansonia digitata and Corchorus olitorius

Exposure of rats to radiation results in an increase of free radical level from subtoxic (24 μg/mol) to a toxic concentration (120 μg/mol) in the system of rats. Free radical level above 120 μg/mol, leads to dysregulated Nf-kB and Nrf-2, thus exacerbating oxidative stress and cellular alterations in rats. This study investigated the effects of solvents (n-hexane, ethylacetate and n-butanol) fractions of Adansonia digitata and Corchorus olitorius leaves in radiation-induced Nf-kB and Nrf-2 dysregulation in Cellular System of Rats. A total of 48 rats (198 ± 5.00g) were used in this study and were distributed into 8 groups of 6 each. Group I were fed with rat chow and distilled water only, all other groups were irradiated, such that groups II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX were administered distilled water, n-hexane fractions of A. digitata and C. olitorius, ethylacetate fractions of A. digitata and C. olitorius, n-butanol fractions of A. digitata and C. olitorius and Vitamin-C at 1000 mg/kg body weight respectively. Secondary metabolites screening of A. digitata and C. olitorius revealed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenol, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. irradiation significantly (p<0.05) increased Nf-kB, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT) and significantly (p<0.05) reduced Nrf-2 and antioxidant capacity. Administration of solvents fractions at 1000 mg/kg bwt significantly (p<0.05) reduced Nf-kB, ALP, ALT and significantly (p<0.05) increased Nrf-2 and antioxidant capacity of rats in the treated groups, such that, n-butanol fraction is the most effective. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test at p<0.05. n-butanol fractions, can therefore be explored as oral remedy against cellular alterations in rats

Efficacy of some bio-control agent formulations on scab of cowpea and groundnut late leaf spot in the Nigerian savanna

Field experiment on fungicidal efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus cereus formulations against cowpea scab and groundnut late leaf spot was conducted. The trials were conducted in 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons on two farms of the Institute for Agricultural Research located at Samaru, Zaria (110 12′ N, 070 37′ E) in the Northern Guinea savanna and Minijbir, Kano (08031' E., l20 03' N) in the Sudan savanna. The formulations were applied as seed treatment, foliar spray and also incorporated into the soil by broadcasting the powdered formulations on the ridges. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times with five treatments which consisted of the three formulations, Funguforce (Mancozeb + Carbendazim) and control. Data were taken on plant emergence, pod yield, disease incidence and severity. Irrespective of the treatments, incidence of scab at both Samaru and Minjibir were at par. However, Funguforce application gave lowest mean scab severities of 10% and 8.5% at Minjibir and Samaru respectively in 2017. In 2016 at Samaru, P. fluorescens had the lowest incidence (50.57 %) while B. cereus had the lowest severity (14.40 %) of groundnut late leaf spot. At Minjibir however, T. harzianum recorded the lowest incidence (48.75 %) and severity (18.22 %). The incidence and severity of groundnut late leaf spot at Samaru in 2017 did not significantly vary while at Minjibir lowest incidence (9.77 %) and severity (9.73 %) were recorded on Funguforce. The microbial formulations recorded an average pod yield increase of 10 – 58 % which was comparable with that of Funguforce. The use of formulations of T. harzianum, P. fluorescens and B. cereus in the management of fungal diseases of cowpea and groundnut in the Nigerian savanna is therefore recommended.Keywords: Genetic-crosses, RILs, Polymorphisms, Genetic-Markers, EP

Archiving framework : a hybrid of internal server-base and cloud-base digital system for ministries

A proper digital archiving system especially for the Land and Survey Ministry has many benefits that should be explored with concerted effort aimed at efficiency in data management and effectiveness in easily carrying out new policies of governance. Proper digital archiving has many multifaceted benefits a few of which was outlined and briefly discussed. This paper highlights the two approaches in archiving digital documents which were the internal sever-base and cloud-server. These two approaches have their shortcomings of limiting the accessibility of data and information. Thus, this study therefore captures the potentials of the two approaches and creating an improved framework

Detection of mycobacteria in raw cow milk sold in Bwari Area Council, Abuja FCT

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important zoonotic disease worldwide and hence it is of great public health significance. It is present in most developing countries where surveillance and control activities are often inadequate or unavailable. This study was designed to detect mycobacteria in raw milk of cows using ZN-stain, PCR, and cultural techniques to determine the prevalence of bTB in Bwari area council of FCT Abuja. Out of the 145 raw milk sampled, 6.89% tested positive by ZN-stain and culture while 1.3% were positive by PCR. The herd prevalence per satellite town based on ZN-stain technique was 8.89%, 10.0%, 3.33% and 5.00% for Bwari, Dei-Dei, Kubuwa and Ushafa respectively. While by cultural method, the prevalence was 2.22%, 10.00%, and 5.00% for Bwari, Dei-Dei, Kubuwa and Ushafa respectively. PCR revealed the prevalence of Mycobacterium species for Bwari and Dei-Dei as 2.22% and 3.33% respectively. Detection of Mycobacteria in raw (unpasteurized) pose a serious public health risk to raw milk consumers in Bwari area council.Keywords: Raw milk, bTB, ZN stain, PCR, Cultur

Prostate adenocarcinoma with unilateral testicular metastasis: two cases with different presentations

Background: Most patients with prostate cancer present with advanced disease in sub-Saharan Africa. However, metastasis to the testis is rare.Findings: This report details the incidental detection of isolated unilateral metastasis to the testis and epididymis from the prostate on histopathologic analysis of the orchidectomy specimen in a 77-year-old man (case 1) and the finding of palpable unilateral testicular secondary from aggressive metastatic prostate cancer in a relatively younger man (47 years old) during clinical evaluation (case 2).Conclusion: The presentation of testicular metastasis from prostate cancer varies with the patient. A high index of suspicion in the phases of evaluation of these patients is required in order to prevent missed diagnosis. Keywords: Prostate cancer, testicular metastasis, orchidectomy

Synthesis and Application of Azo Disperse Reactive Dyes derived from p-Aminobenzaldehyde

ABSTRACT Disperse reactive dyes were synthesized by diazotizing p-aminobenzaldehyde and coupling with different substituted pyridones and 2-naphthol. The dyeing performance of the dyes was assessed on polyester, nylon, cotton and wool fabrics. The dyes obtained gave various shades of yellow with good depth, brightness and leveling properties on the fabrics. The dyed fabric showed fairly good to very good light fastness and very good to excellent fastness to washing, hot pressing and rubbing. The dyebath exhaustion on the polyester, nylon, wool and cotton fabrics was found to be very good and fixation on wool was better than on cotton fabric

Drone’s node placement algorithm with routing protocols to enhance surveillance

Flying ad-hoc network (FANET) is characterized by key component features such as communication scheme, energy awareness, and task distribution. In this research, a surveillance space considering standard petroleum pipe was created with three drones viz: drone 1 (D1), master drone (DM), and drone 2 (D2) to survey as FANET. DM aggregate packets from D1, D2 and communicate with the static ground control station (SGCS). The starting point of the three drones and their trajectories during deployment were calculated and simulated. Selection of DM, D1, and D2 was done using battery level before take-off. Simulation results show take-off time difference which depends on the distance of each drone to the SGCS during deployment. D1 take-off first, while DM and D2 followed after 0.0704 and 0.1314 ms respectively. The position-oriented routing protocols results indicated variation of information flow within time notch due to variation in the density of the transmitted packets. Packets delivery periods are 0.00136×103 sec, 0.00110×103 sec, and 0.00246×103 sec for time notch 1, 2, and aggregating time notch respectively. From the results obtained, two algorithms were used successfully in deploying the drone