Cultura mediática, revolución tecnológica y subjetividad

Quiero partir de algunas definiciones que, a la manera de mojones, permitan la ubicación y cierto posicionamiento en el desarrollo de las ideas que intento articular. La primera cuestión es epocal, acerca de aquello que llamamos Cultura Actual, Modernidad Tardía, Posmodernidad, y algunos otros nombres que aluden a la etapa que se inaugura en la segunda posguerra, con la guerra fría y la expansión capitalista en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, la Revolución Tecnológica y el estallido de las certezas que sostenía la Modernidad y la ciencia positivista

The Immune Response to Trypanosoma cruzi: Role of Toll-Like Receptors and Perspectives for Vaccine Development

In the past ten years, studies have shown the recognition of Trypanosoma cruzi-associated molecular patterns by members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family and demonstrated the crucial participation of different TLRs during the experimental infection with this parasite. In the present review, we will focus on the role of TLR-activated pathways in the modulation of both innate and acquired immune responses to T. cruzi infection, as well as discuss the state of the art of vaccine research and development against the causative agent of Chagas disease (or American trypanosomiasis)

Los grupos como recurso de anticipación

El trabajo clínico comunitario posibilita descubrir, elaborar el imaginario social hecho texto grupal. Cuando digo imaginario social, me refiero a la definición que da Cornelius Castoriadis: conjunto de significaciones por las cuales un colectivo, una sociedad, un grupo, se instituye como tal inventando sus formas de relación, sus modos de contrato y sus figuraciones subjetivas

The role of social marketing communications in influencing “Text and Driving” Behaviors: Theory and Evidence from an international sample

Texting while driving is a dangerous practicebecoming increasingly common, especially among young people.This paper aims to understand the role of social marketingcommunication in affecting people’s driving behaviors. Thepresented research compares the effectiveness of different socialcommunication styles (traditional or shock), formats (textimages, images, community initiatives and videos) and media(TV, radio, leaflet, poster, web, social networks) in influencingthe use of a smartphone while driving.We found that shock advertising has a significant impact ondrivers’ intentions about whether or not to use portablecommunication devices (i.e. smartphones, tablets) while driving.We also found that this impact especially counts for women. Bothrisk self-assessment and risk propensity improve after exposureto social advertisement. The strongest impact on recipients isachieved through shock advertising when broadcasted throughonline videos. Video advertising campaigns are also more likelyto be shared than others on social networks, especially in theshock style advertisement. Finally, advertising through televisionand social media appear to have the highest impact on drivers’behaviors.This paper offers some insights on how to design effective socialcommunication strategies in order to affect drivers’ behaviors

Mirada clínica de los vínculos. Ética, poder, violencia y transgresión

Partimos de la clínica de la vincularidad articulándola en cuatro ideas centrales: ética, poder, violencia y trasgresión. El grupo que instituimos para este trabajo, atravesó avatares y climas diversos en los que, estos cuatro conceptos eje, no solo fueron un tema de discusión, sino que estaban entramados en nuestras relaciones grupales

The P2X7 receptor mediates Toxoplasma gondii Control in Macrophages through canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reactive oxygen species production

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is the protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, a potentially fatal disease to immunocompromised patients, and which affects approximately 30% of the world\u27s population. Previously, we showed that purinergic signaling via the P2X7 receptor contributes to T. gondii elimination in macrophages, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lysosome fusion with the parasitophorous vacuole. Moreover, we demonstrated that P2X7 receptor activation promotes the production of anti-parasitic pro-inflammatory cytokines during early T. gondii infection in vivo. However, the cascade of signaling events that leads to parasite elimination via P2X7 receptor activation remained to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the cellular pathways involved in T. gondii elimination triggered by P2X7 receptor signaling, during early infection in macrophages. We focused on the potential role of the inflammasome, a protein complex that can be co-activated by the P2X7 receptor, and which is involved in the host immune defense against T. gondii infection. Using peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages from knockout mice deficient for inflammasome components (NLRP3-/-, Caspase-1/11-/-, Caspase-11-/-), we show that the control of T. gondii infection via P2X7 receptor activation by extracellular ATP (eATP) depends on the canonical inflammasome effector caspase-1, but not on caspase-11 (a non-canonical inflammasome effector). Parasite elimination via P2X7 receptor and inflammasome activation was also dependent on ROS generation and pannexin-1 channel. Treatment with eATP increased IL-1β secretion from infected macrophages, and this effect was dependent on the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, treatment with recombinant IL-1β promoted parasite elimination via mitochondrial ROS generation (as assessed using Mito-TEMPO). Together, our results support a model where P2X7 receptor activation by eATP inhibits T. gondii growth in macrophages by triggering NADPH-oxidase-dependent ROS production, and also by activating a canonical NLRP3 inflammasome, which increases IL-1β production (via caspase-1 activity), leading to mitochondrial ROS generation

ANTIOXIDANT AND EFFECTS OF PROCESSING USING BIXIN POTASSIUM SALT AS A NITRITE REPLACEMENT IN RESTRUCTURED MEAT PRODUCTS

This study aimed to evaluate bixin potassium salt as a replacement for sodium nitrite (NaNO2) in restructured meat products. Bixin was obtained from the chloroform extract of annatto seeds using a Soxhlet apparatus. Restructured meat samples were prepared using raw retail cuts of beef (vastus lateralis), stored at −16º C, and evaluated during storage at 60 days. The efficacy of bixin potassium salt as a NaNO2 replacement in restructured meat was evaluated by measuring residual concentrations of TBARS, color (L*, a*, and b* components), a sensory preference test, and microbiological parameters. Bixin potassium salt proved to be a viable alternative to nitrites for preserving the color and inhibiting the oxidative degradation of restructured meat. The outcomes showed that the effect of bixin potassium salt on microbiological stabilization was quite variable, depending on the bacterial species considered

Post-transplantation Cyclophosphamide and Sirolimus after Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Using a Treosulfan-based Myeloablative Conditioning and Peripheral Blood Stem Cells.

Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) performed using bone marrow (BM) grafts and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has gained much interest for the excellent toxicity profile after both reduced-intensity and myeloablative conditioning. We investigated, in a cohort of 40 high-risk hematological patients, the feasibility of peripheral blood stem cells grafts after a treosulfan-melphalan myeloablative conditioning, followed by a PTCy and sirolimus-based graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis (Sir-PTCy). Donor engraftment occurred in all patients, with full donor chimerism achieved by day 30. Post-HSCT recovery of lymphocyte subsets was broad and fast, with a median time to CD4 > 200/mu L of 41 days. Cumulative incidences of grade II to IV and III-IV acute GVHD were 15% and 7.5%, respectively, and were associated with a significant early increase in circulating regulatory T cells at day 15 after HSCT, with values < 5% being predictive of subsequent GVHD occurrence. The 1-year cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 20%. Nonrelapse mortality (NRM) at 100 days and 1 year were 12% and 17%, respectively. With a median follow-up for living patients of 15 months, the estimated 1-year overall and disease-free survival (DFS) was 56% and 48%, respectively. Outcomes were more favorable in patients who underwent transplantation in complete remission (1-year DFS 71%) versus patients who underwent transplantation with active disease (DFS, 34%; P = .01). Overall, myeloablative haploidentical HSCT with peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and Sir-PTCy is a feasible treatment option: the low rates of GVHD and NRM as well as the favorable immune reconstitution profile pave the way for a prospective comparative trial comparing BM and PBSC in this specific transplantation setting. (C) 2015 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation