Human Rights violations in Belarus : how to forgive, but not forget

Paper presented at the Conference on Christian Perspectives on Human Dignity and Humans Rights held in Wuppertal (Germany) online from 9–12 April 202

Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus

Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belaru

Estimation of the spectral density of a homogeneous random stable discrete time field

In earlier papers, 2p-periodic spectral data windows have been used in spectral estimation of discretetime random fields having finite second-order moments. In this paper, we show that 2p-periodic spectral windows can also be used to construct estimates of the spectral density of a homoge-neous symmetric a-stable discrete-time random field. These fields do not have second-order moments if 0 < a < 2. We construct an estimate of the spectrum, calculate the asymptotic mean and variance, and prove weak consistency of our estimate

Resource flows and levels of spending for the response to HIV and AIDS in Belarus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Belarus has a focused HIV epidemic concentrated among injecting drug users, female sex workers and men who have sex with men. However, until 2008, Belarus had no way of evaluating HIV spending priorities. In 2008, Belarus committed to undertaking a comprehensive National AIDS Spending Assessment (NASA) in order to analyze HIV spending priorities. NASA was used to 'follow the money' from the funding sources to agents and providers, and eventually to beneficiary populations.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Belarus spent the majority of its funding on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections and on securing the blood supply. International donors and NGOs working within Belarus spent the majority of their funding on preventative activities for high risk groups while Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (GFATM) solely funded antiretroviral treatment.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The data and experience obtained through conducting NASA will help build capacity for future resource tracking activities for HIV and other health priorities. This experience established the foundation for enhanced and future consistent quality-reporting of National Health Accounts. Monitoring the flow of resources for Belarus' HIV response provides valuable strategic information that can improve operations and planning as well as mobilize greater resources. NASA offers Belarusian policy makers an overview of HIV activities that merit their priority attention. In addition, the findings from Belarus are particularly relevant for the rest of the Commonwealth of Independent States due to their similar epidemiological profiles and centrally planned systems. The Belarusian government faces future challenges, especially in increasing public investments in HIV prevention for female sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men, and among intravenous drug users.</p