Did U Know...?

Did U Know...? is a collaborative project from Union College’s Office of Multicultural Affairs and Andrea Belair, Librarian for Archives and Special Collections. The goal of the project was to bring out under-represented voices and issues from Union College’s past through the use of primary source materials.https://digitalworks.union.edu/diversityinclusioncourse_posters_2019/1001/thumbnail.jp

Determination of Operating Conditions and the Impact on Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressor Selection and Performance

TutorialThis tutorial will provide several examples of how a users specified conditions impact the selection of the compressor along with discussions of how providing well-realized conditions can help reduce the compressors power consumption. The tutorial will also discuss the flexibility and limitations centrifugal compressor manufacturers have in meeting various operating conditions through the selection of aerodynamic hardware and the inlet control valve including variable inlet guide vanes. Finally, the paper will provide input from an end user of centrifugal air compressors offering their point of view of the conditions provided and the compressed air solutions they need. The overarching goal is to better educate end users and purchasers of centrifugal air compressors so they can make more informed requests and obtain machinery that more efficiently meets their year-round needs

Determination of Operating Conditions and the Impact on Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressor Selection and Performance

TutorialThis tutorial will provide several examples of how a users specified conditions impact the selection of the compressor along with discussions of how providing well-realized conditions can help reduce the compressors power consumption. The tutorial will also discuss the flexibility and limitations centrifugal compressor manufacturers have in meeting various operating conditions through the selection of aerodynamic hardware and the inlet control valve including variable inlet guide vanes. Finally, the paper will provide input from an end user of centrifugal air compressors offering their point of view of the conditions provided and the compressed air solutions they need. The overarching goal is to better educate end users and purchasers of centrifugal air compressors so they can make more informed requests and obtain machinery that more efficiently meets their year-round needs

The interferon-inducible gene, Ifi204, acquires malignant transformation capability upon mutation at the Rb-binding sites

Abstractp204 overexpression in retinoblastoma (Rb)−/− mouse embryo fibroblasts or transfection of p204 mutated at both Rb-binding sites confer growth advantages, resulting in a significantly higher number of foci in a cell focus assay. To investigate the possibility that mutated p204 acquires malignant transformation capability, NIH3T3 cells were stably transfected with the expression vector pRcRSV204 double-mutant (p204dm) harboring both the C-terminal deletion up to amino acid 568 and the point mutation from glutamic acid to lysine at position 427, and analyzed for markers typical of cell immortalization and transformation. We detected a greater abundance of cell colonies in soft agar with p204dm-expressing cells than vector control cells. The p204dm-transfected cells also displayed two other characteristics associated with malignant transformation, i.e. growth under low-serum conditions and formation of tumors in athymic nude mice. Moreover, their telomerase activity was significantly higher than in the vector control cells. It would thus seem that p204, devoid of functional Rb-binding motifs, can become oncogenic

Mis-spliced transcripts generate de novo proteins in TDP-43–related ALS/FTD

Functional loss of TDP-43, an RNA binding protein genetically and pathologically linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), leads to the inclusion of cryptic exons in hundreds of transcripts during disease. Cryptic exons can promote the degradation of affected transcripts, deleteriously altering cellular function through loss-of-function mechanisms. Here, we show that mRNA transcripts harboring cryptic exons generated de novo proteins in TDP-43–depleted human iPSC–derived neurons in vitro, and de novo peptides were found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with ALS or FTD. Using coordinated transcriptomic and proteomic studies of TDP-43–depleted human iPSC–derived neurons, we identified 65 peptides that mapped to 12 cryptic exons. Cryptic exons identified in TDP-43–depleted human iPSC–derived neurons were predictive of cryptic exons expressed in postmortem brain tissue from patients with TDP-43 proteinopathy. These cryptic exons produced transcript variants that generated de novo proteins. We found that the inclusion of cryptic peptide sequences in proteins altered their interactions with other proteins, thereby likely altering their function. Last, we showed that 18 de novo peptides across 13 genes were present in CSF samples from patients with ALS/FTD spectrum disorders. The demonstration of cryptic exon translation suggests new mechanisms for ALS/FTD pathophysiology downstream of TDP-43 dysfunction and may provide a potential strategy to assay TDP-43 function in patient CSF

Fire Characteristics and Hydrologic Connectivity Influence Short‐Term Responses of North Temperate Lakes to Wildfire

Abstract Despite increasing wildfires, few studies have investigated seasonal water quality responses to wildfire characteristics (e.g., burn severity) across a large number of lakes. We monitored 30 total lakes (15 burned, 15 control) monthly following the Greenwood Fire in Minnesota, USA, a lake‐rich region with historically prevalent wildfire. We found increases in median concentrations of total nitrogen (68%), total phosphorus (70%), dissolved organic carbon (127%), total suspended solids (71%), and reduced water clarity (48%) and pH (0.45) in burned lakes. Post‐wildfire responses in drainage lakes were often persistent or cumulative throughout the open‐water season, compared to isolated lakes. Total phosphorus (TP) increased linearly with watershed high‐severity burns, and shoreline high‐severity burns explained more variation in TP than lake morphometry and watershed variables. Post‐wildfire chlorophyll‐a responses were nonsignificant and inconsistent, possibly due to light limitation. Our results suggest that increasing wildfires have significant potential to affect water quality of inland lakes

Incidence of Hospitalization for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection amongst Children in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Study Using Validated Health Administrative Data.

RSV is a common illness among young children that causes significant morbidity and health care costs.Routinely collected health administrative data can be used to track disease incidence, explore risk factors and conduct health services research. Due to potential for misclassification bias, the accuracy of data-elements should be validated prior to use. The objectives of this study were to validate an algorithm to accurately identify pediatric cases of hospitalized respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) from within Ontario's health administrative data, estimate annual incidence of hospitalization due to RSV and report the prevalence of major risk factors within hospitalized patients.A retrospective chart review was performed to establish a reference-standard cohort of children from the Ottawa region admitted to the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) for RSV-related disease in 2010 and 2011. Chart review data was linked to Ontario's administrative data and used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of algorithms of RSV-related ICD-10 codes within provincial hospitalization and emergency department databases. Age- and sex-standardized incidence was calculated over time, with trends in incidence assessed using Poisson regression.From a total of 1411 admissions, chart review identified 327 children hospitalized for laboratory confirmed RSV-related disease. Following linkage to administrative data and restriction to first admissions, there were 289 RSV patients in the reference-standard cohort. The best algorithm, based on hospitalization data, resulted in sensitivity 97.9% (95%CI: 95.5-99.2%), specificity 99.6% (95%CI: 98.2-99.8%), PPV 96.9% (95%CI: 94.2-98.6%), NPV 99.4% (95%CI: 99.4-99.9%). Incidence of hospitalized RSV in Ontario from 2005-2012 was 10.2 per 1000 children under 1 year and 4.8 per 1000 children aged 1 to 3 years. During the surveillance period, there was no identifiable increasing or decreasing linear trend in the incidence of hospitalized RSV, hospital length of stay and PICU admission rates. Among the Ontario RSV cohort, 16.3% had one or more major risk factors, with a decreasing trend observed over time.Children hospitalized for RSV-related disease can be accurately identified within population-based health administrative data. RSV is a major public health concern and incidence has not changed over time, suggesting a lack of progress in prevention

Prevalence of major RSV risk factors in Ontario children less than 3 years.

<p>Prevalence of major RSV risk factors in Ontario children less than 3 years.</p

Incidence of hospitalized RSV (per 1000 children) 2005–2013 with 95% confidence intervals.

<p>Legend: Incidence per 1000 person years is given for each fiscal year from 2005 to 2013. Error bars shown are the calculated 95% confidence intervals. Closed circles (•) represent the incidence in the full Ontario cohort of children under 3 years of age. Closed triangles (▾) represent the incidence for children under 1 year of age. Open circles (ο) represent the incidence for children between 1 and 3 years of age.</p

Flow diagram of reference standard cohort creation against which algorithms were validated.

<p>Abbreviations: CHEO = Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario; CIHI-DAD = Canadian Institute of Health Information—Discharge Abstract Database; FSA = Forward Sortation Area; OHIP = Ontario Health Insurance Plan; RPDB = Registered Person Database; RSV = Respiratory Syncytial Virus.</p