Conservation in conflict: Illegal drugs versus habitat in the Americas

About the book: State of the Wild is a biennial series that brings together international conservation experts and writers to discuss emerging issues in the conservation of wildlife and wild places. Each volume in the series combines evocative writings with a fascinating tour of conservation news highlights and vital statistics from around the world. One-third of each volume focuses on a topic of particular concern to conservationists working to protect wildlife and our last wild places. This 2008–2009 edition considers the integration of wildlife health, ecosystem health, human health, and the health of domestic animals—a “One World–One Health” approach to disease and conservation. This focus is complemented with essays clustered into sections that address other key issues—conservation of species; conservation of wild places; people, culture, and conservation; and the art and practice of conservation. Essays cover a broad range of topics, from restoring biodiversity on the prairies to mapping the state of the oceans to the conservation impacts of lawlessness and coca cultivation in Colombia. Essay contributions come from people directly involved in on-the-ground conservation efforts and offer a unique and valuable perspective on often-overlooked topics. State of the Wild’s accessible approach educates a wide range of audiences while at the same time presenting leading-edge scientific overviews of hot topics in conservation. Uniquely structured with magazine-like features up front, conservation news in the middle, and essays from eminent authors and experienced scientists throughout, this landmark series is an essential addition to any environmental bookshelf

Biological Effects of Dispersants and Dispersed Oil in Surface and Deep Ocean Species

Beginning with the use of industrial-strength detergents, dispersing agents have been employed in spill response for decades. The Corexit series of agents in common use today generally consist of non-ionic and/or anionic surfactants in a solvent base designed to enhance miscibility under varying temperature and salinity conditions; cationic surfactants tend to be too toxic for use. While dispersants generally serve to decrease the interfacial surface tension of oil, thus facilitating its weathering under low-energy conditions, their surface-active nature also causes their interaction with cell surfaces – those of single-celled organisms as well as the gills of vertebrates and invertebrates

Fascioliasis in confiscated livers of cattle in the Municipal Refrigerated Camal of Ambato and its relationship with Food Safety

Fascioliasis is a parasitic disease of herbivorous animals, especially the bovine and zoonotic species. It was proposed to analyze the number of cases through a retrospective study on the prevalence of seized livers due to the presence of the Fasciola hepatica parasite in the Municipal Cold Store of Ambato, province of Tungurahua belonging to the Sierra region with a temperate climate located in Ecuador, since the years 2016 to 2021 the first six months in this last year. The collection and analysis of the information was carried out between the months of January to August 2021. The methodology used was descriptive and through a bibliographic review of scientific and observational articles to help in the macroscopic determination of the parasite in cattle livers. that came to be slaughtered in the years already mentioned in this study. The total population of slaughtered bovines was taken; which were 110,867 in the six years of study, this number decreased due to restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2021. The prevalence of fascioliasis was analyzed for all study years, with an average of 7.27%, of this In this way, the presence of Fascioliasis in the Municipal Cold Store of Ambato-Ecuador is demonstrated; A plan is recommended on the management, prevention, control, treatment and eradication of said parasite and to make the population aware of the risk factors when consuming contaminated foods such as livers, watercress, vegetables and water contaminated with larvae. Keywords: Fasciola Hepatica, fascioliasis, safety, food, livers, confiscated. Resumen La Fascioliasis es una enfermedad parasitaria de los animales herbívoros, en especial de la especie bovina y zoonótica. Se planteó analizar el número de casos mediante un estudio retrospectivo sobre la prevalencia de hígados decomisados por la presencia del parásito Fasciola hepatica en el Camal Frigorífico Municipal de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua perteneciente a la región Sierra con clima templado ubicado en Ecuador, desde los años 2016 al 2021 los primeros seis meses en este último año. La recopilación y análisis de la información se realizó entre los meses de enero a agosto del 2021. La metodología que se utilizó fue descriptiva y a través de revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos y de observación para la ayuda en la determinación macroscópica del parásito en hígados en reses que llegaron a ser faenadas en los años ya mencionados del presente estudio. Se tomó la población total de bovinos faenados; que fueron 110 867 en los seis años de estudio, este número disminuyó por restricciones de la pandemia COVID-19 entre los años 2020 y 2021. Se analizó la prevalencia de fascioliasis para todos los años estudio, con un promedio de 7.27%, de esta manera se demuestra la presencia Fascioliasis en el Camal Frigorífico Municipal de Ambato-Ecuador; se recomienda un plan sobre el manejo, prevención, control, tratamiento y erradicación de dicho parásito y dar a conocer a la población sobre los factores de riesgo al consumir alimentos contaminados como higados, berros, vegetales y agua contaminada con larvas. Palabras Clave: Fasciola Hepatica, fascioliasis, seguridad,alimentos,hígados,decomisado

The impact of habits formation over social programs to reduce the poverty in Peru

Consumption patterns have a great impact in consumption of low income population. In fact, the Average Propensity of Consume (ACP) in long term is less than 1 for people who are not poor, but is close or above 1 for poor people. This means that customs or habits formation are different for each social stratum. So, will these consumption patterns change in times of economic crisis? Or stay as such despite economic crisis or not. Apparently, these habits would not change, which means that consumption patterns are deeply ingrained in customs. We propose a dynamic general equilibrium model where the impact of habits is diagnosed through the variable (ϕ) and observe the consumption path over time to demonstrate that these habits are not influenced by exogenous supply shock since consumption would not suffer any changes. The effects of disturbances must be distributed with greater persistence along time.1o

A computer aided approach for river styles-inspired characterization of large basins: The Magdalena river (Colombia)

This paper addresses the geomorphic characterization and classification of large rivers in a framework of scarce information. This is inspired by the River Styles Framework with some modifications that make the process more straightforward and accessible to practitioners and more applicable to large basins, while reducing the subjective, expert-based inputs, as the process is now more systematic. To this aim, it utilizes innovative criteria and some computer-aided procedures and tools based on GIS, Excel and Python. This approach sheds light on the character and the behavior of rivers, which is key to informing planning, management and restoration. The application to the Magdalena River (Colombia) illustrates the characterization and classification process and the type of results, which ultimately highlight the great geomorphic diversity of that river. The process is applicable to many other rivers worldwide