Anthropogenic Matrices Favor Homogenization Of Tree Reproductive Functions In A Highly Fragmented Landscape

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Species homogenization or floristic differentiation are two possible consequences of the fragmentation process in plant communities. Despite the few studies, it seems clear that fragments with low forest cover inserted in anthropogenic matrices are more likely to experience floristic homogenization. However, the homogenization process has two other components, genetic and functional, which have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to verify whether there was homogenization of tree reproductive functions in a fragmented landscape and, if found, to determine how the process was influenced by landscape composition. The study was conducted in eight fragments in southwest Brazil. The study was conducted in eight fragments in southwestern Brazil. In each fragment, all individual trees were sampled that had a diameter at breast height ≥3 cm, in ten plots (0.2 ha) and, classified within 26 reproductive functional types (RFTs). The process of functional homogenization was evaluated using additive partitioning of diversity. Additionally, the effect of landscape composition on functional diversity and on the number of individuals within each RFT was evaluated using a generalized linear mixed model. appeared to be in a process of functional homogenization (dominance of RFTs, alpha diversity lower than expected by chance and and low beta diversity). More than 50% of the RFTs and the functional diversity were affected by the landscape parameters. In general, the percentage of forest cover has a positive effect on RFTs while the percentage of coffee matrix has a negative one. The process of functional homogenization has serious consequences for biodiversity conservation because some functions may disappear that, in the long term, would threaten the fragments. This study contributes to a better understanding of how landscape changes affect the functional diversity, abundance of individuals in RFTs and the process of functional homogenization, as well as how to manage fragmented landscapes. © 2016 Carneiro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.1110CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCCFC, Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of CanadaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Relatório de estágio profissional

Este trabalho é referente ao 2.º Ciclo de Estudos, Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, cuja duração foi de um ano e meio. Durante este período, o estágio foi realizado no Jardim-Escola João de Deus de Alvalade, cumprindo um horário das 9h às 13h, num total de doze horas semanais, distribuídas por três dias, sendo estes segunda-feira, terça-feira e sexta-feira. Durante o período de estágio existiram dois grandes momentos. O primeiro diz respeito ao estágio no Ensino Pré-Escolar e o segundo ao estágio no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Spatial variability of maximum annual daily rain under different return periods at the Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Knowledge of maximum daily rain and its return period in a region is an important tool to soil conservation, hydraulic engineering and preservation of road projects. The objective of this work was to evaluate the spatial variability of maximum annual daily rain considering different return periods, at the Rio de Janeiro State. The data set was composed by historical series of 119 rain gauges, for 36 years of observation. The return periods, estimated by Gumbel distribution, were 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. The spatial variability of the return periods was evaluated by semivariograms. All the return periods presented spatial dependence, with exponential and spherical model fitted to the experimental semivariograms. The parameters of the fitted semivariogram model were very similar; however, it was observed the presence of higher nugget effects for semivariograms of longer return periods. The values of maximum annual daily average rain in all the return periods increased from north to south and from countryside to the coast. In the region between the Serra do Mar range and the coast, besides increasing in magnitude, an increase in the spatial variability of the studied values with increasing return periods was also noticed. This behavior is probably caused by the orographic effect. The interpolated maps were more erratic for higher return periods and at the North, Northeast and Coastal Plain regions, in which the installation of new pluviometric stations are recommended