CD10 expression in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

Background. CD10 antigen is a 100-kDa-cell surface zinc metalloendopeptidase and it is expressed in a variety of normal and neoplastic lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate CD10 expression in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder and to determine the correlation between immunohistochemical (IHC) CD10 expression and histopathologic parameters including grade and stage. Methods. 371 cases of urothelial bladder carcinomas, all from transurethral resections, were included in this study. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained sections from each case were reevaluated histopathologically according to WHO 2004 grading system. The TNM system was used for pathologic staging. Selected slides were also studied by IHC and a semiquantitative scoring for CD10 expression based on the percentage of positive cells was performed. Results. 157 cases (42.3%) showed immunostaining while 214 cases (57.7%) were negative for CD10. 1+ staining was seen in 65 CD10 positive cases (41.4%), and 2+ in 92 cases (58.6%). Overall CD10 expression as well as 2+ immunostaining was significantly correlated with high histologic grade. Overall CD10 expression was also significantly higher in invasive pT1 and pT2-3 tumors compared to noninvasive pTa tumors. pT1 and pT2-3 tumors were also significantly correlated with 2+ immunostaining. Conclusion. To date, only a few comparative IHC studies have assessed CD10 expression in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder and this study represents the largest series. Our findings indicate that CD10 expression is strongly correlated with high tumor grade and stage in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, and that CD10 may be associated with tumor progression in bladder cancer pathogenesis. © 2009 Bahadir et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Histopathological Evaluation of Patients with Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosed in Our Clinic

WOS: 000419363400010Objective: in our study, the age and gender of patients and the stage and grade of conventional bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) and bladder UC variants were investigated. Methods: Patients with UC diagnosed in our pathology clinic between 2010 and 2015 were identified using an electronic database. They were re-examined according to the World Health Organization 2004 (WHO) classification system, and the grade and stage of UC and concomitant UC variants were documented for each patient. in addition to these data, the age and gender of each patient were obtained from the electronic database. Results: Between 2010 and 2015, 1355 biopsies from 1081 different patients were present with the diagnosis of UC. Totally, 676 patients with recurrence were excluded. Finally, 679 patients were included. When all patients were screened in terms of newly identified variants in the WHO 2004 classification system, 153 patients (22.6%) had UC variants, forming at least 10% of the biopsy specimen. We identified 15 UC variants: squamous differentiation, glandular differentiation, and small cell, micropapillary, sarcomatoid, lymphoepithelioma-like, nested, large nested, large cell neuroendocrine, plasmacytoid, pleomorphic, trophoblastic, rhabdoid, chordoid, and undifferentiated carcinomas. Conclusion: Our study is the largest case series on UC in Turkey. Due to the large number of patients, we believe that the results reflect the present status of the frequency and stage of UC variants and the gender and age of patients at diagnosis

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Overexpression in Micropapillary and Other Variants of Urothelial Carcinoma

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression or gene amplification has been shown in urothelial bladder cancer. This could be helpful when using targeted anti-HER2 therapy on these tumors

Comparison of World Health Organization 2000/2004 and World Health Organization 2010 classifications for gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) were divided into 4 groups based on tumor diameter and stage in World Health Organization (WHO) 2000/2004 classification as well-differentiated endocrine tumor benign (WDETB), well-differentiated endocrine tumor with uncertain behavior (WDETUB), well-differentiated endocrine carcinoma (WDEC), and poorly differentiated endocrine carcinoma (PDEC). World Health Organization 2000/2004 was not widely accepted because of stage-related classification and the category of "uncertain behavior." The European NET Society proposed a grading classification and site-specific staging system in 2010. Gastroenteropancreatic NETs were divided into 3 groups as NET grade 1 (G1), NET grade 2 (G2), and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) grade 3 (G3) based on mitoses and the Ki-67 index. We evaluated 63 GEPNET cases according to both classifications. We compared two classifications and the tumor groups in terms of prognostic parameters (diameter, mitosis, Ki-67 index, angioinvasion, perineural invasion, necrosis, and metastasis) and pathologic stage. All 14 cases diagnosed as PDEC were included in the NEC G3 according to WHO 2010. Seventeen cases were diagnosed as WDETB, 9 as WDETUB, and 23 as WDEC. There was statistically significant difference between these groups in terms of all prognostic parameters except for necrosis, mitosis, Ki-67 index, and grade. All WDETB cases, 89% of WDETUBs, and 87% of WDECs were included in the NET G1. There were 45 cases evaluated as NET G1 and 4 cases as NET G2 according to WHO 2010. Metastasis and perineural invasion were more common in NET G2, no significant differences in other parameters. In conclusion, WHO 2010 is easier to use, whereas WHO 2000/2004 shows higher correlation with prognosis. However, it includes benign and uncertain behavior categories, although small tumors with low proliferative activity can also cause metastases. All GEPNETs should be considered potentially malignant (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Cytological features of pure micropapillary carcinoma of various organs: A report of eight cases

Micropapillary carcinoma (MPC) is a rare aggressive tumor, which generally accompanies the primary carcinoma of the organ of its origin, while the pure form is extremely uncommon. Angiolymphatic involvement is widespread and a considerable proportion of the cases present with metastases. The current study presents eight pure MPC cases arising from the breast (n=3), urinary bladder (n=3), parotid gland (n=1) and lung (n=1, presenting with pericardial effusion), with the cytological findings. The eight patients included three female and five male cases aged between 48 and 74 years. The most common cytological findings were three-dimensional aggregates, cell clusters with angulated or scalloped borders, single cells with a columnar configuration and eccentric nuclei, and high-grade nuclear features. Histopathological sections showed accompanying in situ ductal carcinoma in the cases of MPC arising in the parotid gland and breast (n=3), and one case in the bladder exhibited only in situ MPC. The average follow-up period was 20 months (range, 6-54 months) and, during this period, three patients succumbed to the disease. At present, four patients are alive with disease and one patient is alive and disease-free. In conclusion, cytology is an important tool for the diagnosis and management of MPC

Giant cell tumor-like lesion of the urinary bladder: a report of two cases and literature review; giant cell tumor or undifferentiated carcinoma?

Giant cell tumor, excluding its prototype in bone, is usually a benign but local aggressive neoplasm originating from tendon sheath or soft tissue. Malignant behavior is uncommon. Visceral organ involvement including urinary bladder is rare. Giant cell tumors in visceral organs usually accompany epithelial tumors and the clinical behavior of giant cell tumor in urinary bladder is similar to its bone counterpart. Here, we report two cases of giant cell tumor located in urinary bladder in comparison with nine reported cases in the English literature. Concurrent noninvasive urothelial carcinoma was also described in all these previous reports and only one patient with follow-up died of disease. One of the two cases we present had no concurrent urothelial tumor at the time of diagnosis but had a history of a low grade noninvasive urothelial carcinoma with three recurrences. The histology of these two cases was similar to the giant cell tumor of bone and composed of oval to spindle mononuclear cells with evenly spaced osteoclast-like giant cells. Immunohistochemically, the giant cells showed staining with osteoclastic markers including CD68, TRAP, and LCA. Immunohistochemical expression of vimentin, CD68, LCA, and smooth muscle actin in mononuclear cells supported a mesenchymal origin with histiocytic lineage. The histologic and immunohistochemical properties in our cases as well as their clinical courses were consistent with a giant cell tumor. Consequently, tumors in urinary bladder showing features of giant cell tumor of bone may also be considered and termed "giant cell tumor"

Role of contrast-enhanced F-18-FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis and staging of renal tumors

WOS: 000451811700015PubMed: 30234688Purpose the objectives of this prospective study are to compare intravenous contrast-enhanced (CE) fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CE F-18-FDG PET/CT) with conventional methods (CT/MRI) and to evaluate the relationship of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) with Fuhrman grade in patients with renal tumors. Patients and methods A total of 62 patients [35 males and 27 females; mean age 55.8 +/- 12.7 (range: 27-81) years] were enrolled in the study. CE F-18-FDG PET/CT scanning included whole-body (early) and abdominal imaging (late) 1 and 2 h after intravenous F-18-FDG administration, respectively. SUVmax was calculated for primary tumors. CE F-18-FDG PET/CT and CT/MRI findings were compared with respect to primary tumors and staging. Results the sensitivity of CE F-18-FDG PET/CT in primary tumor detection was 98%, which was very close to that of CT/MRI (100%). CE F-18-FDG PET/CT resulted in correct staging in 84% of the cases, compared with 68% of the cases with conventional methods (52 vs. 42 patients). SUVmax values of early PET for the primary tumors were significantly correlated with the Fuhrman grades (P<0.001). CE F-18-FDG PET/CT enabled the detection of synchronous tumors in four patients, one of which was incorrectly diagnosed as having metastasis by CT. Distant metastases were detected in 16 patients with CE F-18-FDG PET/CT and in 13 patients with routine conventional methods. Conclusion CE F-18-FDG PET/CT showed similar results compared with CT/MRI in the detection of primary tumors, but it was superior to conventional methods in the detection of metastasis and staging. Given the highly significant correlation between SUVmax values and the Fuhrman grading, CE F-18-FDG PET/CT may play a significant role in the evaluation of patient prognosis