1,124 research outputs found
Qualitative assessment of the writing process
A strong trend in the language arts is the emphasis placed on the involvement of-students in the language processes to extend their thinking and language abilities. Thus, their involvement needs to be described by qualitative means. Qualitative assessment is necessary in writing because there is a great deal that cannot be measured (Field, 1992). Assessment needs to be continuous and inseparable from instruction, therefore authentic (Tierney, Carter, & Desai, 1991; Valencia, 1990; Barclay & Breheny, 1994; Stone, 1995). Assessment must be an integral part of each day in order for teachers to plan instruction and communicate with parents and the students (Barclay & Breheny, 1994)
Theoretical Description of Pulsed RYDMR: Refocusing Zero-Quantum and Single Quantum Coherences
A theoretical description of pulsed reaction yield detected magnetic resonance (RYDMR) is proposed. In RYDMR, magnetic resonance spectra of radical pairs (RPs) are indirectly detected by monitoring their recombination yield. Such a detection method is significantly more sensitive than conventional electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), but design of appropriate pulse sequences for RYDMR requires additional effort because of a different observable. In this work various schemes for generating spin-echo like signals and detecting them by RYDMR are treated. Specifically, we consider refocusing of zero-quantum coherences (ZQCs) and single-quantum coherences (SQCs) by selective as well as by non-selective pulses and formulate a general analytical approach to pulsed RYDMR, which makes an efficient use of the product operator formalism. We anticipate that these results are of importance for RYDMR studies of elusive paramagnetic particles, notably, in organic semiconductors
Site-selective measurement of coupled spin pairs in an organic semiconductor
From organic electronics to biological systems, understanding the role of intermolecular interactions between spin pairs is a key challenge. Here we show how such pairs can be selectively addressed with combined spin and optical sensitivity. We demonstrate this for bound pairs of spin-triplet excitations formed by singlet fission, with direct applicability across a wide range of synthetic and biological systems. We show that the site sensitivity of exchange coupling allows distinct triplet pairs to be resonantly addressed at different magnetic fields, tuning them between optically bright singlet (S=0) and dark triplet quintet (S=1,2) configurations: This induces narrow holes in a broad optical emission spectrum, uncovering exchange-specific luminescence. Using fields up to 60 T, we identify three distinct triplet-pair sites, with exchange couplings varying over an order of magnitude (0.3â5 meV), each with its own luminescence spectrum, coexisting in a single material. Our results reveal how site selectivity can be achieved for organic spin pairs in a broad range of systems
Lock-in detection for pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance
We show that in pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance (pEDMR)
signal modulation in combination with a lock-in detection scheme can reduce the
low-frequency noise level by one order of magnitude and in addition removes the
microwave-induced non-resonant background. This is exemplarily demonstrated for
spin-echo measurements in phosphorus-doped Silicon. The modulation of the
signal is achieved by cycling the phase of the projection pulse used in pEDMR
for the read-out of the spin state.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Probing the wave function and dynamics of the quintet multiexciton state with coherent control in a singlet fission material
High-spin states play a key role in chemical reactions found in nature. In artificial molecular systems, singlet fission produces a correlated triplet-pair state, a spin-bearing excited state that can be harnessed for more efficient solar-energy conversion and photocatalysis. In particular, triplet-pair states with overall quintet character (total spin S=2) have been discovered, but many of the fundamental properties of these biexciton states remain unexplored. The net spin of these pair states makes spin-sensitive probes attractive for their characterization. Combined with their surprisingly long spin coherence (of order microseconds), this opens up techniques relying on coherent spin control. Here we apply coherent manipulation of triplet-pair states to (i) isolate their spectral signatures from coexisting free triplets and (ii) selectively couple quintet and triplet states to specific nuclear spins. Using this approach, we separate quintet and triplet transitions and extract the relaxation dynamics and hyperfine couplings of the fission-borne spin states. Our results highlight the distinct properties of correlated and free triplet excitons and demonstrate optically induced nuclear spin polarization by singlet fission
Rare processes and coherent phenomena in crystals
We study coherent enhancement of Coulomb excitation of high energy particles
in crystals. We develop multiple scattering theory description of coherent
excitation which consistently incorporates both the specific resonant
properties of particle-crystal interactions and the final/initial state
interaction effects typical of the diffractive scattering. Possible
applications to observation of induced radiative neutrino transitions are
discussed.Comment: 8 pages, LaTe
Di-electrons from meson Dalitz decay in proton-proton collisions
The reaction is discussed within a
covariant effective meson-nucleon theory. The model is adjusted to data of the
subreaction . Our focus is on di-electrons from Dalitz decays
of mesons, , and the role of
the corresponding transition form factor . Numerical
results are presented for the intermediate energy kinematics of HADES
experiments
Impact of morphology on polaron delocalization in a semicrystalline conjugated polymer
We investigate the delocalization of holes in the semicrystalline conjugated
polymer poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophene-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT) by
directly measuring the hyperfine coupling between photogenerated polarons and
bound nuclear spins using electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy. An
extrapolation of the corresponding oligomer spectra reveals that charges tend
to delocalize over 4.0â4.8 nm with delocalization strongly dependent on
molecular order and crystallinity of the PBTTT polymer thin films. Density
functional theory calculations of hyperfine couplings confirm that long-range
corrected functionals appropriately describe the change in coupling strength
with increasing oligomer size and agree well with the experimentally measured
polymer limit. Our discussion presents general guidelines illustrating the
various pitfalls and opportunities when deducing polaron localization lengths
from hyperfine coupling spectra of conjugated polymers
The BioGRID Interaction Database: 2011 update
The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID) is a public database that archives and disseminates genetic and protein
interaction data from model organisms and humans
(http://www.thebiogrid.org). BioGRID currently holds 347 966
interactions (170 162 genetic, 177 804 protein) curated from both
high-throughput data sets and individual focused studies, as derived
from over 23 000 publications in the primary literature. Complete
coverage of the entire literature is maintained for budding yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae), fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
and thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), and efforts to expand curation
across multiple metazoan species are underway. The BioGRID houses 48
831 human protein interactions that have been curated from 10 247
publications. Current curation drives are focused on particular areas
of biology to enable insights into conserved networks and pathways that
are relevant to human health. The BioGRID 3.0 web interface contains
new search and display features that enable rapid queries across
multiple data types and sources. An automated Interaction Management
System (IMS) is used to prioritize, coordinate and track curation
across international sites and projects. BioGRID provides interaction
data to several model organism databases, resources such as Entrez-Gene
and other interaction meta-databases. The entire BioGRID 3.0 data
collection may be downloaded in multiple file formats, including PSI MI
XML. Source code for BioGRID 3.0 is freely available without any
restrictions
One-pion transitions between heavy baryons in the constituent quark model
Single pion transitions of S wave to S wave, P wave to S wave and P wave to P
wave heavy baryons are analyzed in the framework of the Heavy Quark Symmetry
limit (HQS). We use a constituent quark model picture for the light diquark
system with an underlying SU(2N_{f}) X O(3) symmetry to reduce the number of
the HQS coupling factors required to describe these transitions. We also use
the quantum theory of angular momentum to rewrite the one-pion transitions
constituent quark model results in a more general form using the 6j- and
9j-symbols. We finally estimate the decay rates of some single pion transitions
between charm baryon states.Comment: Latex, 33 pages including 2 figures (Postscript). Some typos are
corrected with minor changes. Two references were added to the final version
which will appear in Phy. Rev.
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