Impact of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection on sperm parameters of infertile men

Background: Viral hepatitis is one of the health problems which have the effects on the health issues. It seems that hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have negative impacts on the semen quality and male infertility rate. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of HBV and HCV on sperm quality among Iranian infertile men referred to Royan Institute Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center between 2003 and 2014. Materials and Methods: This retrospective case-control study included 112 HBV positive infertile men and 47 HCV positive infertile men as case group and 112 HBV negative andHCVnegative matched infertile men as a control group. All semen analysis and viral parameters assessment was performed in the central laboratory with the same method and instruments. Results: Sperm count among infertile men with HBV and HCV infection was significantly lower than control group [the mean of the total sperm count 100.95 ± 118.59, 118.22 ± 141.18, 166.27 ± 151.25 (p < 0.001)]. Sperm motility was significantly decreased in HBV and HCV positive men in comparison to the control group [30.97 ± 25.88, 31.09 ± 28.72, 40.87 ± 23.37, respectively (p < 0.007)]. The percentage of normal sperm morphology was significantly higher in control group in comparison to HBV and HCV infected group [the mean of the normal semen morphology 3.23 ± 3.27, 3.70 ± 3.83, 4.51 ± 3.15 p < 0.015]. Although there is a significant decline in liquefaction time in the case group but the viscosity, semen volume, and PH of semen samples were similar in the both case and control groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that HBV and HCV infection are associated with poor sperm quality

Adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solutions onto shellfish ash: Kinetic and isotherm studies and artificial neural network modeling

Background: Natural organic matters such as humic acid react with chlorine and produce disinfection by products such as trihalomethanes that are carcinogenic. In this study, shellfish ash was used as a novel adsorbent for removal of humic acid. Methods: The present study was performed under various laboratory conditions including pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and initial concentration of humic acid. Residual concentrations of humic acid in the samples were determined by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 254 nm wavelength. Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling studies were also performed. Results: Elemental analysis showed that the shellfish ash was 98% pure calcium. It was indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity was achieved in acidic conditions (pH = 3) and pHzpc was found to be 10.3. The adsorption data followed the Langmuir model (R2 > 0.9). The adsorption of humic acid followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.999). ANN modeling also provided the accurate prediction of humic acid adsorption for testing data (R2 = 0.989). Conclusion: According to the results, shellfish ash is recommended as an effective biosorbent for removal of organic pollutants such as humic acid. Keywords: Adsorption, Humic substances, Kinetics, Shellfish, Neural networ