Global Population Health and Well-Being in the 21st Century: Toward New Paradigms, Policy and Practice

Global Population Health and Well-Being in the 21st Century: Toward New Paradigms, Policy and Practic

Association of Brucella Meningoencephalitis with Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt in A Child: A Case Report

How to Cite This Article: Abdinia B, Barzegar M, Maleki M, Behbod H, Oskoui Sh. Association of Brucella Meningoencephalitis with Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt in a Child: a Case Report. Iran J Child Neurol. 2013 Winter:7(1):35-38. Brucellosis is an endemic zoonosis in Iran. It is a systemic infection that can involve any organs or systems of the body and have variable presentations. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infections due to brucellosis have been rarely reported in the literatures.This  is  the  history  of  a  four  years  old  boy  who  developed  Brucella meningoencephalitis at the age of 42 months, whilst he had a VP shunt in situ for hydrocephalus treatment. Also, he presented brucellosis as acute abdomen. This patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin and rifampicin. The shunt was extracted and all clinical and laboratory test abnormalities subsided through this management.We propose that in a patient with Brucella meningoencephalitis, the cerebrospinal  fluid shunt  system  can  be  extracted  and  treatment  with appropriate combination of antibiotics could be successful. Moreover, it shows that brucellosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for acute abdomen and ascites in endemic regions.References1. Hasanjani Roushan MR, Mohrez M, Samilnejad Gangi SM, Soleimani Amiri MJ, Hajiahmadi M. Epidemiological features and clinical manifestations in 469 adult patients with brucellosis in babol, Northern Iran. Epidemiol infect 2004;132(6):1109-142. Bouza E, García de la Torre M, Parras F, Guerrero A, Rodríguez-Créixems M, Gobernado J. Brucellar meningitis. Brucellar meningitis. Rev Infect Dis 1987; 9(4):810-22.3. Young EJ. Brucella species. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas and Bennetts Õs Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 5th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2000. p. 86-93.4. Feiz J, Sabbaghian H, Miralai M. Brucellosis due to Brucella melitensis in children. Clinical and epidemiological observations on 95 patients studied in Central Iran. Clin Pediatr 1978;17:904-7.5. Young EJ. Human brucellosis. Rev Infect Dis 1983; 5(5):821-42.6. Llorens-Terol J, Busquets RM. Brucellosis treated with rifampicin. Arch Dis Child 1980;55(6):486-8.7. FeizJ, Sabbaghian H, Miralai M. Brucellosis due to Brucella melitensis in children. Clinical and epidemiological observations on 95 patients studied in Central Iran. Clin Pediatr 1978;17:904-7.8. Wald SL, McLaurin RL. Cerebrospinal fluid antibiotic levels during treatment of shunt infections. J Neurosurg 1980;52(1):41-6.

Global Population Health and Well-Being in the 21st Century: Toward New Paradigms, Policy and Practice

by George R Lueddeke, 476 p., 2016, Springer Publishing, New York, ISBN 978-082612767-9Read: Introductory pages and chapter

An Improved and Novel De-Ramping Technique for Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Synthetic Aperture Radar

In this paper, a novel de-ramping technique for linear frequency modulated continuous wave (LFM-CW) synthetic aperture radar (SAR), named as the fixed delay deramping technique is introduced. The received and adaptive fixed delay version of transmitted signals was mixed to increase the processing gain of a system. Furthermore, in this study, the practical mode of de-ramping technique for LFM-CW SAR was considered against the related works assumed as the ideal mode. Similar to this work, the practical mode should consider the desired and undesired part of the de-ramped signal. In addition, the closed form equations for processing gain of the proposed deramping technique were derived. All in all, the simulation section illustrates a substantial improvement of the processing gain of the fixed de-ramping based on the proposed approach in comparison to the conventional methods

Novel role of microRNA146b in promoting mammary alveolar progenitor cell maintenance

In this report, we have shown that miR146b promotes the maintenance of pregnancy-derived mammary luminal alveolar progenitors. MiR146b expression was significantly higher in the mammary glands of pregnant and lactating mice than in virgin mice. Furthermore, miR146b levels were significantly higher in mouse mammary glands exposed to the sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, compared with those of untreated control animals. Pregnancy-derived primary mouse mammary epithelial cells in which miR146b was knocked down showed a significant reduction in the number of hollow acinar organoid structures formed on three-dimensional Matrigel and in β-casein expression. This demonstrates that miR146b promotes the maintenance of pregnancy-derived mammary luminal alveolar progenitors. It has been shown that mouse mammary luminal progenitors give rise to hollow organoid structures, whereas solid organoid structures are derived from stem cells. Among several miR146b targets, miR146b knockdown resulted in preferential STAT3β overexpression. In the primary mouse mammary epithelial cells, overexpression of STAT3β isoform caused mammary epithelial cell death and a significant reduction in β-casein mRNA expression. Therefore, we conclude that during pregnancy miR146b is involved in luminal alveolar progenitor cell maintenance, at least partially, by regulating STAT3β

DNA Hypomethylation, Ambient Particulate Matter, and Increased Blood Pressure: Findings From Controlled Human Exposure Experiments

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144592/1/jah3232.pd

An intraductal human-in-mouse transplantation model mimics the subtypes of ductal carcinoma in situ

Introduction: Human models of noninvasive breast tumors are limited, and the existing in vivo models do not mimic inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common type (80%) of noninvasive breast lesions. The aim of this study was to develop an in vivo model whereby the natural progression of human DCIS might be reproduced and studied. To accomplish this goal, the intraductal human-in-mouse (HIM) transplantation model was developed. The resulting models, which mimicked some of the diversity of human noninvasive breast cancers in vivo, were used to show whether subtypes of human DCIS might contain distinct subpopulations of tumor-initiating cells.Methods The intraductal models were established by injection of human DCIS cell lines (MCF10DCIS.COM and SUM-225), as well as cells derived from a primary human DCIS (FSK-H7), directly into the primary mouse mammary ducts via cleaved nipple. Six to eight weeks after injections, whole-mount, hematoxylin and eosin, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to evaluate the type and extent of growth of the DCIS-like lesions. To identify tumor-initiating cells, putative human breast stem/progenitor subpopulations were sorted from MCF10DCIS.COM and SUM-225 with flow cytometry, and their in vivo growth fractions were compared with the Fisher's Exact test. Results: Human DCIS cells initially grew within the mammary ducts, followed by progression to invasion in some cases into the stroma. The lesions were histologically almost identical to those of clinical human DCIS. This method was successful for growing DCIS cell lines (MCF10DCIS.COM and SUM-225) as well as a primary human DCIS (FSK-H7). MCF10DCIS.COM represented a basal-like DCIS model, whereas SUM-225 and FSK-H7 cells were models for HER-2[super]+ DCIS. With this approach, we showed that various subtypes of human DCIS appeared to contain distinct subpopulations of tumor-initiating cells. Conclusions: The intraductal HIM transplantation model provides an invaluable tool that mimics human breast heterogeneity at the noninvasive stages and allows the study of the distinct molecular and cellular mechanisms of breast cancer progression