8 research outputs found
The Impact of Cues on Autobiographical Memory Recall in Depression
Studies have consistently found autobiographical memory (AM) impairments in persons with depression. However, these studies have largely utilized generic word cues to elicit AM, yet word cues do not reflect how AMs are typically represented in the mind nor how AMs are usually cued in daily life. The current two-part study employed improved methodology to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of cues on AM recall and emotional functioning in depression. In part one, a set of word and image cues were developed and validated. In part two, twenty-one currently depressed and 31 never-depressed participants were instructed to recall specific AMs in response to valenced word and image cues. Process and content characteristics of the recalled AMs were examined, as well as participantsâ self-reported affect after each AM recall. Study hypotheses were partially supported. Findings indicated that cue type and valence impacted process and content characteristics of AM, and these effects did not differ between currently depressed and never-depressed participants. However, cue characteristics did differentially impact depressed and never-depressed participantsâ self-reported positive affect after AM recall. Interpretation and implication of the findings are discussed
The Impact of Cues on Autobiographical Memory Recall in Depression
Studies have consistently found autobiographical memory (AM) impairments in persons with depression. However, these studies have largely utilized generic word cues to elicit AM, yet word cues do not reflect how AMs are typically represented in the mind nor how AMs are usually cued in daily life. The current two-part study employed improved methodology to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of cues on AM recall and emotional functioning in depression. In part one, a set of word and image cues were developed and validated. In part two, twenty-one currently depressed and 31 never-depressed participants were instructed to recall specific AMs in response to valenced word and image cues. Process and content characteristics of the recalled AMs were examined, as well as participantsâ self-reported affect after each AM recall. Study hypotheses were partially supported. Findings indicated that cue type and valence impacted process and content characteristics of AM, and these effects did not differ between currently depressed and never-depressed participants. However, cue characteristics did differentially impact depressed and never-depressed participantsâ self-reported positive affect after AM recall. Interpretation and implication of the findings are discussed
Encoding Style of Positive Autobiographical Memories: Relationship to Mood Repair, Memory Functioning, and Depression
The recall of positive autobiographical memories is an effective strategy for improving negative mood among healthy persons, yet individuals with a history of depression often fail to derive emotional benefits. Depressed and depression-vulnerable individuals also exhibit deficits in their autobiographical memory characteristics. Scholars have implicated deficits during autobiographical memory retrieval as a cause of mood repair and memory impairments, however the role of memory encoding has largely been overlooked. The current study manipulated encoding style to examine subsequent effects on mood repair efficacy, memory characteristics, and memory accuracy. Fifty-five formerly depressed and 68 never-depressed participants were assigned to employ either a concrete or natural encoding style while engaging in a positive event staged in the laboratory. After a negative mood induction, participants were given the opportunity to improve their moods by recalling details of the positive event. Results failed to support the hypothesized interaction of depression status and encoding style. Interpretations of the null findings are provided and implications of the study are discussed
Det kallas livet : En studie i tvÄ delar som skildrar individens uppfattning
Dagens samhĂ€lle skapar tillfĂ€llen men samtidigt ocksĂ„ nya krav pĂ„ individen. Individen har idag möjligheten att sjĂ€lv göra sina individuella val men valen har sina baksidor och det Ă€r inte alltid sĂ„ att valen utgörs helt av oss sjĂ€lva. Den hĂ€r antologin belyser hur Det vi kallar livet⊠skapar valmöjligheter och vilka konsekvenser det kan ha för individen och hennes identitet och livsvillkor. Vi uppmĂ€rksammar hur deltagarna i studien ser pĂ„ olika fenomen samt vilka styrningsmoment som eventuellt kan ligga bakom valens möjligheter. âDet kallas livetâŠâ Ă€r en kvalitativ studie som bygger pĂ„ empiriskt datamaterial. Det första bidraget Ă€r en fördjupning i ungdomars framtidsval genom human-, social- och kulturelltkapitalperspektiv. En vĂ€g framĂ„t lyfter nio ungdomars tankar om deras vĂ€g framĂ„t genom livet. NĂ€sta del Ungdomars vĂ€g mot sjĂ€lvstĂ€ndighet ser hur individen tidigare varit bunden till dygnets ljusa timmar för att idag gĂ„ in i ett 24-timmarssamhĂ€lle som förĂ€ndrar individens dygnsrytm. Hur ser ungdomar att deras livsvillkor och identitet har förĂ€ndrats av dygnsrytmens processer Ă€r vad studien avser att besvara
VĂRK? LITA PĂ OSS. : Visuell retorik i marknadsföringen av konventionella lĂ€kemedel och naturpreparat.
Uppsatsen Àr en retorisk studie som behandlar marknadsföringen av utvalda konventionella lÀkemedel och naturpreparat. Studiens huvudsakliga tillvÀgagÄngssÀtt Àr att genom visuell retorik finna och analysera de delar i reklambildernas utformning som Àr av retoriskt intresse. Intressant Àr att se hur de olika produkterna marknadsförs för att skapa förtroende genom dess argumentation inom retoriska övertygandemedel. Resonemang förs Àven för att se hur reklamerna förhÄller sig till publikens normer, rÄdande regler och trosförestÀllningar dÀr Àven de platser för reklamens publicering vÀgs in. Med analysernas resultat som utgÄngspunkt följer en diskussion kring de övertygandemedel som finns i de olika reklambilderna
"... aus Àchten und unverfÀlschten Quellen: Ernst Henning, Wilhelm Friedrich Freiherr von Ungern-Sternberg, Johann Christoph Brotze und ihre Arbeit an den Dokumenten aus dem Geheim Archiv in Köningsberg"
Dagens samhĂ€lle skapar tillfĂ€llen men samtidigt ocksĂ„ nya krav pĂ„ individen. Individen har idag möjligheten att sjĂ€lv göra sina individuella val men valen har sina baksidor och det Ă€r inte alltid sĂ„ att valen utgörs helt av oss sjĂ€lva. Den hĂ€r antologin belyser hur Det vi kallar livet⊠skapar valmöjligheter och vilka konsekvenser det kan ha för individen och hennes identitet och livsvillkor. Vi uppmĂ€rksammar hur deltagarna i studien ser pĂ„ olika fenomen samt vilka styrningsmoment som eventuellt kan ligga bakom valens möjligheter. âDet kallas livetâŠâ Ă€r en kvalitativ studie som bygger pĂ„ empiriskt datamaterial. Det första bidraget Ă€r en fördjupning i ungdomars framtidsval genom human-, social- och kulturelltkapitalperspektiv. En vĂ€g framĂ„t lyfter nio ungdomars tankar om deras vĂ€g framĂ„t genom livet. NĂ€sta del Ungdomars vĂ€g mot sjĂ€lvstĂ€ndighet ser hur individen tidigare varit bunden till dygnets ljusa timmar för att idag gĂ„ in i ett 24-timmarssamhĂ€lle som förĂ€ndrar individens dygnsrytm. Hur ser ungdomar att deras livsvillkor och identitet har förĂ€ndrats av dygnsrytmens processer Ă€r vad studien avser att besvara
Positive autobiographical memory deficits in youth with depression histories and their never-depressed siblings
Positive Autobiographical Memory Deficits in Youth with Depression Histories and Their Never-depressed Siblings
Objectives: Impaired positive autobiographical memory (AM) is closely linked to emotional disorders. AM impairments are often found in depressed adults and may be related to the difficulties such persons have in regulating their dysphoric mood. By contrast, less is known about AM disturbances among adolescents, or about the functional relationship of AM disturbances to early-onset depression.
Design: A high-risk family design served to compare four groups of youth who differed in depression histories and familial depression risk.
Methods: Thirty-one currently depressed probands, 185 remitted probands, 204 never-depressed siblings of probands, and 180 healthy control youth were induced into a negative mood prior to recalling positive AMs via a novel memory elicitation procedure. Several positive AM characteristics were assessed.
Results: Relative to control youth, unaffected siblings and probands exhibited consistently impaired positive AMs. Moreover, we also found some evidence that probands were more impaired than siblings, who were in turn more impaired than controls, consistent with a gradient effect.
Conclusions: Positive AM disturbances may not only precede the onset of depression in vulnerable youth, but also continue to persist after remission of a depressive episode. Clinical and basic research implications of the findings are discussed.
Practitioner points Positive AM impairments may be trait-like, persist in the euthymic phase of depression, and may serve as a risk marker for early-onset depression among vulnerable adolescents. Disturbances in positive AM may negatively impact the mood-regulatory functions of positive memory recall and contribute to persistent sadness and anhedonia, which are core features of depression. Our sample of currently depressed youth was relatively small, tempering our conclusions. Although we collected data on some important covariates (e.g., socioeconomic status), we lacked information on other relevant variables such as youthsâ executive functioning or IQ