Assessment of different pre-treatment methods for the removal of limonene in citrus waste and their effect on methane potential and methane production rate

The objective of this study was to assess the limonene removal efficiency of three pre-treatment methods when applied to citrus waste and to evaluate their effects on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) and the methane production rate (MPR) using batch anaerobic testsPostprint (published version

Turnover of the K+ transport system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

AbstractThe stability of the K+ transport system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied upon inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide. Addition of the antibiotic gave rise to an inactivation of this transport. This activation followed first-order kinetics and was stimulated by the presence of a fermentable substrate. A half-life of about 4 h could be calculated in the presence of glucose. The results indicate that, similarly to sugar carriers, K+ transport system is less stable than the bulk of proteins of this organism

La independencia del auditor

[ES] El trabajo consiste en un análisis del principio general de independencia de los auditores, estudiando el sistema mixto en el que se basa la normativa para establecer las posibles amenazas a la independencia del auditor, las medidas de salvaguarda que debe aplicar y las incompatibilidades que se pueden dar a la hora de realizar el encargo de auditoría. Se recoge tanto la independencia personal como la independencia de la firma y su evolución desde la primera ley de auditoría hasta la ley actual. Así mismo, se diferencia entre el principio general de independencia y el régimen para auditores de Entidades de Interés Público. Para cada caso se analizan las causas de incompatibilidad, facilitando el entendimiento mediante ejemplos. También se analizan para cada régimen el periodo de vigencia de las incompatibilidades y la rotación del auditor para cada caso.[EN] The work consists of an analysis of the general principle of independence of the auditors, studying the mixed system on which the regulations are based to establish the possible threats to the auditor's independence, the safeguard measures to be applied and the incompatibilities that may be applied. Give when carrying out the audit assignment. It includes both personal independence and the independence of the firm and its evolution from the first audit law to the current law. Likewise, it differs between the general principle of independence and the regime for auditors of Public Interest Entities. For each case, the reasons of incompatibility are analysed, facilitating understanding through examples. The period of validity of the incompatibilities and the rotation of the auditor for each case are also analysed for each regime.Benito Benedito, B. (2019). La independencia del auditor. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/128386TFG

Overexpression of the sodium ATPase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: conditions for phosphorylation from ATP and Pi

AbstractThe ENA1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a putative ATPase necessary for Na+ efflux. Plasma membranes and intracellular membranes of a yeast strain overexpressing the ENA1 gene contain significant amounts of ENA1 protein. Consequences of the overexpression with reference to the wild-type strain are: (1) a 5-fold higher content of the ENA1-protein in plasma membranes; (2) lower Na+ and Li+ effluxes; (3) slightly higher Na+ tolerance; and (4) much higher Li+ tolerance. The ENA1-specific ATPase activity in plasma membrane preparations of the overexpressing strain was low, but an ENA1 phosphoprotein was clearly detected when the plasma membranes were exposed to ATP in the presence of Na+ or to Pi in the absence of Na+. The characteristics of this phosphoprotein, which correspond to the acyl phosphate intermediaries of P-type ATPases, the absolute requirement of Na+ or other alkali cations for phosphorylation, and the Na+ and pH dependence of phosphorylation from ATP and Pi suggest that the product of the ENA1 gene may be a Na,H-ATPase, which can also pump other alkali cations. The role of the intracellular membranes structures produced with the overexpression of ENA1 in Na+ and Li+ tolerances and the existence of a β-subunit of the ENA1 ATPase are discussed

HAK transporters from Physcomitrella patens and Yarrowia lipolytica mediate sodium uptake

The widespread presence of Na+ specific uptake systems across plants and fungi is a controversial topic. In this study we identify two HAK genes, one in the moss Physcomitrella patens and the other in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, that encode Na+ specific transporters. Because HAK genes are numerous in plants and are duplicated in many fungi, our findings suggest that some HAK genes encode Na+ transporters and that Na+ might play physiological functions in plants and fungi more extensively than is currently thought

Early-onset cardiac arrest, prolonged QT interval, and left ventricular hypertrophy: Phenotypic manifestations of a pathogenic de novo calmodulin variant

Calmodulin; Cardiac arrest; Ventricular hypertrophyCalmodulina; Paro cardiaco; Hipertrofia ventricularCalmodulina; Aturada cardíaca; Hipertròfia ventricula

The transportome of the endophyte Serendipita indica in free life and symbiosis with Arabidopsis and its expression in moderate salinity

Serendipita indica is an endophytic root symbiont fungus that enhances the growth of various plants under different stress conditions, including salinity. Here, the functional characterization of two fungal Na+/H+ antiporters, SiNHA1 and SiNHX1 has been carried out to study their putative role in saline tolerance. Although their gene expression does not respond specifically to saline conditions, they could contribute, together with the previously characterized Na+ efflux systems SiENA1 and SiENA5, to relieve Na+ from the S. indica cytosol under this stressed condition. In parallel, an in-silico study has been carried out to define its complete transportome. To further investigate the repertoire of transporters expressed in free-living cells of S. indica and during plant infection under saline conditions, a comprehensive RNA-seq approach was taken. Interestingly, SiENA5 was the only gene significantly induced under free-living conditions in response to moderate salinity at all the tested time points, revealing that it is one of the main salt-responsive genes of S. indica. In addition, the symbiosis with Arabidopsis thaliana also induced SiENA5 gene expression, but significant changes were only detected after long periods of infection, indicating that the association with the plant somehow buffers and protects the fungus against the external stress. Moreover, the significant and strongest induction of the homologous gene SiENA1 occurred during symbiosis, regardless the exposure to salinity. The obtained results suggest a novel and relevant role of these two proteins during the establishment and maintenance of fungus-plant interaction

Production of engineered long-life and male sterile Pelargonium plants

[EN] Background: Pelargonium is one of the most popular garden plants in the world. Moreover, it has a considerable economic importance in the ornamental plant market. Conventional cross-breeding strategies have generated a range of cultivars with excellent traits. However, gene transfer via Agrobacterium tumefaciens could be a helpful tool to further improve Pelargonium by enabling the introduction of new genes/traits. We report a simple and reliable protocol for the genetic transformation of Pelargonium spp. and the production of engineered long-life and male sterile Pelargonium zonale plants, using the pSAG12::ipt and PsEND1::barnase chimaeric genes respectively. Results: The pSAG12::ipt transgenic plants showed delayed leaf senescence, increased branching and reduced internodal length, as compared to control plants. Leaves and flowers of the pSAG12::ipt plants were reduced in size and displayed a more intense coloration. In the transgenic lines carrying the PsEND1::barnase construct no pollen grains were observed in the modified anther structures, which developed instead of normal anthers. The locules of sterile anthers collapsed 3¿4 days prior to floral anthesis and, in most cases, the undeveloped anther tissues underwent necrosis. Conclusion: The chimaeric construct pSAG12::ipt can be useful in Pelargonium spp. to delay the senescence process and to modify plant architecture. In addition, the use of engineered male sterile plants would be especially useful to produce environmentally friendly transgenic plants carrying new traits by preventing gene flow between the genetically modified ornamentals and related plant species. These characteristics could be of interest, from a commercial point of view, both for pelargonium producers and consumers.This work was funded by grants AGL2009-13388-C03-01 and BIO2009-08134 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN). We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). In the past five years we have received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and the article-processing charge will be pay with funds from two granted projects. The authors received salaries from two different institutions: The Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV) or the High Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC). We are not currently applying for a patent related with the content of this manuscript. All the mentioned organisms/institutions do not gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript either now or in the future.García Sogo, B.; Pineda Chaza, BJ.; Roque Mesa, EM.; Antón Martínez, MT.; Atarés Huerta, A.; Borja, M.; Beltran Porter, JP.... (2012). Production of engineered long-life and male sterile Pelargonium plants. BMC Plant Biology. 12:156-171. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-12-1561561711